FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Trl[13C]

Homozygous Trl^13C larvae survive and their imaginal discs are normal. Trl^R85/Trl^13C larvae do develop till third instar, though their imaginal discs are very small.

(Bejarano and Busturia, 2004)

Homozygotes have a slightly reduced viability, equal for males and females. Trl^13C/Trl⁶² and Trl^13C/Trl^2.3 animals however, females have a similar viability to homozygotes, males show a significantly reduced viability.

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Approximately 12% of Trl^13C homozygous flies hatch.

(Faucheux et al., 2003)

Heterozygotes have an average of about 10 sex combs, compared to about 11 in wild-type. 11% of animals have bristles on segment abdominal segment 6 (wild-type have none).

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Homozygous Trl^13C mutant flies have reduced viability and this lethality is enhanced in Trl^13C/Trl^R67 heterozygotes, with only a few percent of the mutant flies surviving to the adult stage.

Approximately 80% of homozygous Trl^13C mutant males show a transformation of the sixth abdominal segment towards the fifth.

Homozygous Trl^13C mutant females produce a reduced number of eggs compared to wild type.

Fewer than 20% of the embryos produced by homozygous Trl^13C mutant mothers survive to the larval stages, even when fertilised by wild type males. A large proportion of embryos have severe defects in nuclear division during the syncitial blastoderm stage.

Approximately 80% of Trl^13C/Trl^R67 mutant males show a transformation of the sixth abdominal segment towards the fifth.

Fewer than 20% of the embryos produced by homozygous Trl^13C/Trl^R67 mutant mothers survive to the larval stages, even when fertilised by wild type males.

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Lethality occurs at hatching.

(Katokhin et al., 2001)

Heterozygotes show the formation of "granular" chromatin during interphase and mitosis and high proportions of cells (which are arrested at the G2/M boundary) have hypercondensed chromatin. Cells with abnormal chromosome segregation are also seen. Heterozygous females have egg chambers with an abnormal number of trophocytes and defects in chromatin condensation.

(Trunova et al., 2001)

Enhances the position effect variegation at the w locus caused by In(1)w^m4 and enhances the position effect variegation at the bw locus caused by In(2R)bw^VDe2. Does not effect position effect variegation at the bw locus caused by Byron.

(Sass and Henikoff, 1998)

Pairing sensitive repression is alleviated in iab-7 PRE lines that carry Trl^13C, suppression is stronger when Trl^13C is homozygous.

(Hagstrom et al., 1997)

A small percentage of homozygous Trl^13C females survive to the adult stage and produce at least some eggs. Embryos can be divided into three classes. Class I arrest prior to cellularization. Class II arrest between stages 11 and 15. Class III survive gastrulation though later display segmentation defects and die by the first larval instar stage. The proportions of embryos falling into these three classes varies. Transheterozygotes with Trl⁶² exhibit a similar range of phenotypes. In eggs from Trl^13C homozygous mothers, the nuclear cycles become asynchronous during the syncytial blastoderm stage. Chromosome segregation during anaphase is abnormal, and chromosome fragmentation is evident.

(Bhat et al., 1996)

Homozygous female escapers can be obtained.

(Liaw et al., 1995)

Reduced viability and a rough eye phenotype. Homozygous adult males show homeotic transformation of the sixth sternite into the fifth as shown by the presence of a few bristles on the sixth sternite, this phenotype is stronger in hemizygotes but they die just before hatching. In(1)w^m4h males also heterozygous for Trl^13C have almost white eyes, indicating a more frequent inactivation of the w gene. Heterozygotes with Trl⁶² eclose late, are poorly viable and exhibit the same phenotypes as Trl^13C homozygotes.

(Farkas et al., 1994)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, enhanceable by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]/msl-2[+]/msl-2¹/mle¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, enhanceable by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, enhanceable by msl-2[+]/msl-2¹

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, enhanceable by msl-2[+]/msl-2¹

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^13C has visible phenotype, enhanceable by corto[+]/corto⁴²⁰

(Lopez et al., 2001)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, non-enhanceable by mle¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-enhanceable by mle¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-enhanceable by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]/msl-2[+]/msl-2¹/mle¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-enhanceable by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-enhanceable by msl-2[+]/msl-2¹

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, suppressible | partially by msl-2^Hsp83.PK

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has lethal | male phenotype, suppressible | partially by msl-2^Hsp83.PK

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-suppressible by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]/msl-2[+]/mle¹/msl-2¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-suppressible by msl-2[+]/msl-2¹

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-suppressible by mle¹/mle[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C has partially lethal | female phenotype, non-suppressible by msl-1¹/msl-1[+]

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is an enhancer of visible phenotype of corto⁴²⁰

(Lopez et al., 2001)

Other

Statement

Reference

Trl^13C, msl-2^Hsp83.PK has partially lethal phenotype

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C, msl-2^Hsp83.PK has partially lethal phenotype

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^2.3/Trl^13C, msl-2^Hsp83.PK has partially lethal phenotype

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl^13C, z¹ has lethal | recessive phenotype

(Laney and Biggin, 1996)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

Trl^13C, Ubx¹³⁰ has haltere phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)Aprt-21

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl^13C has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)Aprt-21

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl^13C has abdominal segment 6 phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)Aprt-21

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl^13C has microchaeta & abdominal segment 6 | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)Aprt-21

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl^13C has humerus phenotype, enhanceable by corto[+]/corto⁴²⁰

(Lopez et al., 2001)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Trl^13C is an enhancer of haltere phenotype of Ubx¹³⁰

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is an enhancer of humerus phenotype of corto⁴²⁰

(Lopez et al., 2001)

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is an enhancer of sex comb | ectopic & mesothoracic leg phenotype of Pc¹⁵

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Trl^13C is an enhancer of mesothoracic leg phenotype of Pc¹⁵

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is an enhancer of sex comb | ectopic & mesothoracic leg phenotype of Pc³

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Trl^13C is an enhancer of mesothoracic leg phenotype of Pc³

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Trl^13C is an enhancer of phenotype of Ubx¹³⁰

(Farkas et al., 1994)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is a non-enhancer of phenotype of lolal^k02512

(Mishra et al., 2003)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Trl^13C is a suppressor of eye phenotype of CycE^JP

(Brumby et al., 2002)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Trl[+]/Trl^13C is a non-suppressor of phenotype of lolal^k02512

(Mishra et al., 2003)

Other

Statement

Reference

Df(3L)Aprt-21, Trl^13C, Ubx¹³⁰ has wing | ectopic phenotype

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl^13C, Ubx¹³⁰ has haltere phenotype

(Laney and Biggin, 1996)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Adding at least one copy of the Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519} or Hsp83^GAGA581 transgenes allows the recovery of a much higher frequency of homozygous Trl^13C escapers that are also heterozygous for lolal^k02512 (up to approximately 80% when four copies of the transgene are added).

lolal^k02512 ; Trl^13C heterozygous flies are viable and do not show any visible phenotype. Approximately 4% of lolal^k02512/+; Trl^13C/Trl^13C flies hatch. Adding at least one copy of the Hsp83^GAGA519 or Hsp83^GAGA581 transgenes allows the recovery of a much higher frequency of homozygous Trl^13C escapers that are also heterozygous for lolal^k02512 (up to approximately 80% when four copies of the transgene are added). lolal^k02512/+; Trl^13C/Ubx¹³⁰ flies display a higher frequency (18%) of strong haltere-to-wing transformations compared to Trl^13C/Ubx¹³⁰ siblings (6.3%). This increased transformation is often accompanied by a notal transformation.

(Faucheux et al., 2003)

Trl^13C/+, lolal^k02512/+ animals show no enhancement or suppression of the lolal^k02512 phenotype.

(Mishra et al., 2003)

56% of Ubx¹³⁰, Trl^13C double heterozygotes have halteres that quite heterogeneous in size and larger than Ubx¹³⁰ alone. 78% of Ubx¹³⁰, Df(3L)Aprt-21, Trl^13C triple heterozygotes have halteres that quite heterogeneous in size and larger than Ubx¹³⁰ alone, also exhibiting a stronger phenotype than any two of the alleles used. The haltere becomes a wing -like structure with wing veins and hairs on the wing margin. Trl^13C Df(3L)Aprt-21 double heterozygotes have an average of about 7 sex combs. 67% of animals have bristles on segment abdominal segment 6.

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

Mutant strongly suppresses the CycE^JP rough eye phenotype.

(Brumby et al., 2002)

corto⁴²⁰ Trl^13C double heterozygotes give a higher percentage of postpronotum defects than expected for an additive phenotype, indicating a synergistic interaction.

(Lopez et al., 2001)

Trl^13C suppresses the pairing-dependent silencing of w^{enh.iab-7PRE.260} seen in flies homozygous for P{iab-7PRE-w^enh.260}1.

(Mishra et al., 2001)

Mutant heterozygotes show no enhancement or suppression of the eye phenotype see in P{UAS-lacZ.Abd-B.5F24}.

(Cavalli, 1999)

Trl^13C, w^Fab-7.24F6 mutants show a 2 fold reduction in eye pigment levels compared to Trl⁺ siblings: PcG-mediated silencing.

(Cavalli and Paro, 1998)

Flies doubly heterozygous for Ubx¹³⁰ and Trl^13C show larger halteres than Ubx¹³⁰ heterozygotes alone. Flies are weakly viable and eclose at 30-40% of expected frequency, but becomes inviable when combined with z mutants.

(Laney and Biggin, 1996)

Trl^13C+/+Ubx¹³⁰ double heterozygous flies have larger halteres than Ubx¹³⁰ heterozygotes. Homeotic transformations include a low frequency of patches on the haltere and postnotum that develop like wing and notum tissues respectively.

(Farkas et al., 1994)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Partially rescued by

Trl^R67/Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^hs.PG

(Granok et al., 2001)

Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^Hsp83.PG

(Granok et al., 2001)

Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^hs.PG

(Granok et al., 2001)

Trl^R67/Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Trl^R67/Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Trl^13C is partially rescued by Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Not rescued by

Trl⁶²/Trl^13C is not rescued by Trl^hs.PG

(Granok et al., 2001)

Trl^13C is not rescued by Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Comments

Expression of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519} partially rescues the lethality seen in Trl^13C/Trl^R67 mutants, with a survival rate of between 10 and 20% depending on the insertion line.

Expression of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581} partially rescues the lethality seen in Trl^13C/Trl^R67 mutants, with a survival rate of between 25 and 60% depending on the insertion line.

Expression of a single copy of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519} partially rescues the abdominal segment transformation seen in Trl^13C mutant males.

Expression of a single copy of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581} does not rescue the abdominal segment transformation seen in Trl^13C mutant males.

Expression of a single copy of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519} partially rescues the reduction in egg production seen in Trl^13C mutant females.

Expression of a single copy of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581} does not rescue the reduction in egg production seen in Trl^13C mutant females.

Expression of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519} partially rescues the lethality seen in embryos produced by homozygous Trl^13C mutant mothers.

Expression of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581} does not rescue the lethality seen in embryos produced by homozygous Trl^13C mutant mothers.

Expression of a single copy of Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.T:Ecol\lacZ} rescues the zygotic lethality in Trl^13C/Trl^R67 mutants. However the A6 to A5 abdominal transformation or the maternal-effect lethality are rescued.

(Greenberg and Schedl, 2001)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

58473

w¹; Trl^13C/TM6B, Sb¹ Tb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Separable from: a putative second-site mutation on the right arm of the chromosome that is responsible for the homeotic transformations seen in flies carrying the original '13C' chromosome.

(Tsai et al., 2016)

Comments

Ubx expression is reduced. Trl^13C in a heterozygous condition promotes heterochromatinization. Precise excision of the P-element results in complete reversion of the homeotic transformation phenotype and enhancer of position effect variegation phenotype.

(Farkas et al., 1994)

Attempts to make germ-line clones with this allele failed.

(Liaw et al., 1995)

All mutant phenotypes are reverted by excision of the P{bluetail} element.

(Bhat et al., 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

GAGA^Trl13C

(Laney and Biggin, 1996)

Gaf^13C#3

(Tsai et al., 2016)

Trl13C

(Katokhin et al., 2001, Trunova et al., 2001, Gvozdev et al., 2000, Naumova et al., 2000)

Trl^13C

(Tang et al., 2022, Ogienko et al., 2020, Ueberschär et al., 2019, Kaye et al., 2018, Tsai et al., 2016, Nakayama et al., 2012, Sultana et al., 2011, Fujioka et al., 2008, Nakayama et al., 2007, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Hodgson et al., 2001)

Trl^13c

(Vasanthi et al., 2013, Bartoletti et al., 2012, González et al., 2008, Bejarano and Busturia, 2004, Schweinsberg et al., 2004, Erhardt et al., 2003, Faucheux et al., 2003, Mishra et al., 2001)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBal0321715

References (47)

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