FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\tim[01]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\tim⁰¹

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0035778

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\tim

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

tim⁰

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

loss of function allele

Mutagen

Delta2-3 transposase

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Myers et al., 1995)

loss of function allele

(Yoshii et al., 2008)

Mutagen

Delta2-3 transposase

(Sehgal et al., 1994)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Deletion of 64bp causing a frame shift in the coding sequence. The predicted translation product contains amino acids 1 to 714 (about half the length of the wild type protein), with an additional 35 residues from a new reading frame.

(Myers et al., 1995)

Not associated with an insertion of a ry⁺-marked P-element.

(Sehgal et al., 1994)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

deletion

2L:3,501,728..3,501,791 [-]

Comment:

Deletion of 64bp causing a frame shift in the coding sequence. The predicted translation product contains amino acids 1 to 714, with an additional 35 residues from a new reading frame. The added amino acids are ISIFRIWWLPITSSYSFWTVRPNLVDVKPFACRST.

(Myers et al., 1995)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal behavior

(Koh et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Sakai and Ishida, 2001, Zeng et al., 1996)

abnormal behavior | recessive

(Sehgal et al., 1994)

abnormal circadian behavior

(Kaneko et al., 2012)

abnormal circadian rhythm

(Saez et al., 2011, Mehnert et al., 2007, Collins et al., 2005, McDonald et al., 2001, Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

abnormal circadian rhythm (with tim^PL)

(Hara et al., 2011)

abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage | dominant

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage | light conditional

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

abnormal locomotor rhythm

(Wülbeck et al., 2005, Nishinokubi et al., 2003, Suri et al., 1999)

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with tim^mutTim3

(Wang et al., 2001)

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with tim^mutTim15

(Wang et al., 2001)

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with tim⁰³)

(Stempfl et al., 2002)

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with tim^blind)

(Wülbeck et al., 2005)

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with tim^Z2-3326)

(Wu et al., 2008)

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage

(Martin Anduaga et al., 2019)

abnormal locomotor rhythm | recessive

(Ousley et al., 1998)

abnormal mating rhythm

(Sakai and Ishida, 2001)

abnormal neuroanatomy

(Mehnert et al., 2007)

abnormal sleep

(Liu and Zhao, 2014, Liu et al., 2014)

abnormal stress response | larval stage

(Gong, 2009)

abnormal visual behavior

(Mazzoni et al., 2005)

decreased fecundity | female | conditional

(Beaver et al., 2002)

decreased fecundity | male

(Beaver et al., 2002)

decreased fecundity | male (with tim⁰³)

(Beaver et al., 2002)

increased size | oogenesis

(Abrieux et al., 2020)

photoperiod response variant

(Tauber et al., 2007, Collins et al., 2005)

semi-fertile | conditional

(Beaver et al., 2002)

semi-sterile (with tim⁰³)

(Beaver et al., 2002)

semi-sterile | conditional

(Beaver et al., 2002)

Phenotype Manifest In

adult heart

(Gill et al., 2015)

adult posterior hindgut

(Giebultowicz et al., 2000)

indirect flight muscle motor neuron DLMN5

(Mehnert et al., 2007)

Malpighian tubule

(Giebultowicz et al., 2000)

ovary

(Abrieux et al., 2020)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

The 5-week old tim⁰¹ mutant flies subjected to ad libitum feeding (ARF) have a slower heart rate compared to controls. The reduction in arrhythmia on 12-hour daytime-restricted feeding (TRF) seen in wild type is not observed in tim⁰¹ mutant flies.

(Gill et al., 2015)

tim⁰¹ mutants exhibit normal light-dependent temperature preference. Similarly to wild-type, they prefer higher temperature in the light than in the dark.

(Head et al., 2015)

Total sleep at nighttime and daytime is significantly decreased in tim⁰¹ mutants compared with wild-type. This is caused mainly by sleep episode duration.

(Liu and Zhao, 2014)

Sleep bout duration and sleep latency are significantly reduced compared to controls in mutant flies.

(Liu et al., 2014)

tim⁰¹ mutant flies exhibit arrhythmic temperature preference rhythm in constant darkness after two days and in constant light at day 4. There is also a 'masking' effect of the light-dark cycle, in which tim⁰¹ flies prefer a higher temperature during the day (ZT1-12) and a lower temperature during the night (ZT13-24). tim⁰¹ flies kept in constant light for 4 days prefer a higher temperature during the daytime than flies kept in constant darkness for 2 days.

During the daytime, tim⁰¹ flies constantly prefer a temperature of approximately 26.5[o]C and do not exhibit a daytime temperature preference rhythm in light-dark conditions.

(Kaneko et al., 2012)

Triglyceride levels in tim⁰¹ mutants are similar to wild-type.

(Diangelo et al., 2011)

tim⁰¹ homozygotes exhibit aberrant locomotor rhythm under conditions of constant darkness.

tim⁰¹; tim^{T:Avic\GFP-YFP} flies do not show significant changes in period at different temperatures.

(Saez et al., 2011)

Naive and trained responses to a magnetic field are not impaired in tim⁰¹ mutant flies.

(Gegear et al., 2010)

In contrast to w¹¹¹⁸ controls, tim⁰¹ larvae show neutral performance in phototaxis tests, prefer light to darkness in the immediate light/dark boundary passing test, and demonstrate no significant motility alteration in the dark condition.

(Gong, 2009)

No significant difference is found in the number of dendritic branches between ZT2 and ZT14 in tim⁰¹ mutants.

(Fernandez et al., 2008)

16.7% of tim^Z2-3326/tim⁰¹ flies are arrhythmic under constant darkness conditions. The period of rhythmic mutant flies is 28.7 +/- 0.28 hours, longer than that of controls.

(Wu et al., 2008)

The rhythmic change in bouton size that is seen in motor neuron MN5 under LD (12 hour light:12 hour dark) conditions and DD (constant darkness) conditions in wild-type flies is abolished in mutant flies.

Motor neuron MN5 shows increased neuronal branching in mutant flies compared to wild type. This increased branching is associated with axonal abnormalities such as thickenings, sprouting and coiling in high-order branches.

(Mehnert et al., 2007)

tim⁰¹ females show a significantly higher level of ovarian diapause compared to wild-type females.

(Tauber et al., 2007)

tim⁰¹ has no effect on experience-dependent responses in sleep need.

(Ganguly-Fitzgerald et al., 2006)

tim⁰¹ flies driven by a light:dark cycle show a steady decline in sleep:wake rhythm strength with age.

tim⁰¹ flies have poorly consolidated sleep compared with wild type flies: mutant flies have more sleep bouts and a shorter sleep bout duration. There is no substantial increase in the sleep fragmentation of tim⁰¹ flies with age: although sleep bout numbers increase somewhat with age, the average duration of sleep bouts does not increase.

(Koh et al., 2006)

tim⁰¹/+ flies show arrhythmicity when kept in constant light, like wild-type flies. tim⁰¹/tim⁰¹; tim^{per3'UTR.tim.T:Ivir\HA1}/tim^{per3'UTR.tim.T:Ivir\HA1} flies show a low percentage (7%) rhythmicity when kep in constant light.

(Peschel et al., 2006)

tim⁰¹ mutants exhibit no circadian regulation of locomotor behaviour under light-dark conditions, other than a preference for being active during the light phase.

(Collins et al., 2005)

tim⁰¹ mutant larvae are insensitive to light in light avoidance assays, even at high light intensity (750 lux). Increasing the light to 1100 lux partially rescues the photophobic defects of tim⁰¹ mutants, indicating that these mutants are not completely blind and that the molecular clock regulates visual sensitivity.

(Mazzoni et al., 2005)

Homozygotes are arrhythmic for locomotor activity under free-running conditions.

(Wülbeck et al., 2005)

Mutant flies are arrhythmic for locomotor activity under constant light conditions at a constant temperature of 25[o]C, but become rhythmic immediately after being exposed to a temperature cycle of 12 hours at 25[o]C and 12 hours at 30[o]C. Peaks in locomotor activity occur at temperature transitions. The locomotor activity rhythm of the mutant flies differs from that of wild-type flies, in that neither anticipatory activity nor transients after a transfer to temperature cycles is observed.

(Yoshii et al., 2005)

The time spent copulating is significantly increased in tim⁰¹ mutant males mated to wild-type females, compared to wild-type males. This effect is seen in both 2 day old and 4 day old males. This increased time in copulation does not appear to be due to difficulty of males disengaging from females. The time spent copulating by tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ males mated with wild type females is significantly extended compared to wild-type.

(Beaver and Giebultowicz, 2004)

Long term memory of courtship conditioning (reduction in time spent in courtship behaviour 5 days after a 7 hour conditioning) is normal in tim⁰¹ homozygous males.

(Sakai et al., 2004)

tim⁰¹ flies are arrhythmic with respect to locomotor activity under constant darkness conditions.

(Nishinokubi et al., 2003)

Single tim⁰¹ mutant females mated once to single tim⁰¹ mutant males lay significantly less eggs and produce significantly less progeny than wild-type flies. The percentage of unfertilised eggs from this mating is significantly greater than for wild-type. These effects on fertility are significantly reduced if pairs of per⁰¹ mutant flies are allowed to mate over a period of 4 days. Single wild-type females mated once to single tim⁰¹ mutant males lay significantly less eggs and produce significantly less progeny than those mated to wild-type males. The numbers of sperm released to the seminal vesicles by tim⁰¹ males over the 2 days following eclosion is significantly less than that seen in wild-type males. Single tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ females mated once to single tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ males produce significantly less progeny than do wild-type flies, even though the number of eggs laid and the percentage of fertilised eggs is not significantly different to wild-type. tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ males have significantly less sperm in their seminal vesicles 42 hours after eclosion than wild-type males.

(Beaver et al., 2002)

Mutant females show altered sleep rebound after sleep deprivation of 7, 9 or 12 hours (in constant darkness) compared to wild-type flies.

(Shaw et al., 2002)

tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ flies show arrhythmic locomotor activity.

(Stempfl et al., 2002)

96% of tim⁰¹ flies are arrhythmic.

(McDonald et al., 2001)

When wild-type flies are moved from a LD cycle to a DD cycle, at CT12 (circadian time) there is a reduction in mating activity seen. This reduction is abolished in tim⁰¹ mutants. If either male or females are mutant, this abolition of mating rhythm is seen, even if they are mated to wild-type flies.

(Sakai and Ishida, 2001)

tim^mutTim15/tim⁰¹ and tim^mutTim3/tim⁰¹ flies are almost completely arrhythmic with respect to locomotor activity.

(Wang et al., 2001)

The circadian rhythms seen in wild-type cultured malphighian tubules and rectums are essentially eliminated.

(Giebultowicz et al., 2000)

The baseline rest patterns of tim⁰¹ flies studied in constant darkness conditions are arrhythmic. After rest deprivation at circadian time (CT) 18-24, tim⁰¹ flies show a significant decrease in rest, similar to handled control wild-type flies. tim⁰¹ flies significantly decrease rest after deprivation compared to handled tim⁰¹ controls.

(Hendricks et al., 2000)

Homozygotes are have completely arrhythmic circadian cycles.

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

Heterozygotes have a locomotion period indistinguishable from wild-type flies.

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

Unlike other circadian gene mutants, tim⁰¹ flies show a wild-type response to cocaine exposure.

(Andretic et al., 1999)

Circadian rhythms in olfactory responses to ethyl acetate or benzaldehyde are abolished in tim⁰¹ mutants.

(Krishnan et al., 1999)

Behaviorally arrhythmic at 18^oC, 25^oC and 29^oC. The molecular program is stuck at about ZT 7-8.

(Suri et al., 1999)

Homozygous flies are arrhythmic with respect to locomotor activity.

(Ousley et al., 1998)

Only 9% of flies are arrhythmic with respect to locomotor activity under 12 hour light:12 hour dark conditions.

(Rutila et al., 1998)

Exposure of flies to constant light causes a tim⁰¹ phenocopy i.e. behavioral arrhythmia.

(Myers et al., 1996)

Individuals are arrhythmic.

(Zeng et al., 1996)

Phenotype of tim⁰¹ homozygotes is indistinguishable from that of tim⁰¹/Df(2L)tim-02.

(Myers et al., 1995)

Altered eclosion rhythm, night-emerging and day-emerging adults. Defects in locomotor activity, flies become arrhythmic when the entraining light-dark cues are absent. No detectable defect in nervous system, visual system or brain.

(Sehgal et al., 1994)

Aberrant behavioural phenotype and localisation of per.

(Vosshall et al., 1994)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

jet^c, tim^ls/tim⁰¹ has abnormal locomotor rhythm phenotype, enhanceable by tim^{per3'UTR.tim.Tag:HA}

(Peschel et al., 2006)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

per⁰¹, tim⁰¹ has abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype, suppressible by cry^b

(Collins et al., 2005)

tim⁰¹ has abnormal locomotor rhythm phenotype, suppressible by Dana\tim^hs.PN

(Nishinokubi et al., 2003)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

tim⁰¹ has abnormal circadian rhythm | partially phenotype, non-suppressible by per^T/per[+]

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

tim[+]/tim⁰¹ is a non-suppressor of abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype of Df(3R)tll-g/dco^ar

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^S1/tim⁰¹ is a non-suppressor of abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype of Df(3R)tll-g/dco^ar

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^S1/tim⁰¹ is a non-suppressor of abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype of dco^j3B9/dco^ar

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

Other

Statement

Reference

jet^c, tim^ls/tim⁰¹ has abnormal locomotor rhythm phenotype

(Peschel et al., 2006)

cry^b, per⁰¹, tim⁰¹ has abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype

(Collins et al., 2005)

cry^b, per⁰¹, tim⁰¹ has photoperiod response variant phenotype

(Collins et al., 2005)

cry^b, tim⁰¹ has abnormal circadian rhythm phenotype

(Collins et al., 2005)

cry^b, tim⁰¹ has photoperiod response variant phenotype

(Collins et al., 2005)

Phenotype Manifest In

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

tim^ls/tim⁰¹, jet^c (Veela/tim⁰¹) flies show 22% anomalous rhythmicity when kept in constant light, while flies of the same genotype that additionally carry one copy of the tim^{per3'UTR.tim.T:Ivir\HA1} transgene (which has the same coding sequence as the tim^ls allele) show 63% rhythmicity in constant light.

(Peschel et al., 2006)

tim⁰¹;cry^b double mutants and per⁰¹;tim⁰¹;cry^b triple mutants do not show any locomotor anticipation of lights off at 18^oC, although some residual behaviour is recovered at 29^oC. tim⁰¹;cry^b double mutants and per⁰¹;tim⁰¹;cry^b triple mutants exhibit no change in the phase relationship of the locomotor peak to the lights off signal, as the peak activity moves progressively later as it tracks increasing length light-dark cycles.

(Collins et al., 2005)

Surprisingly, constitutive expression of both per and tim using Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 restores rhythms in per⁰¹,tim⁰¹ double mutant flies.

(Yang and Sehgal, 2001)

The addition of tim^S1/tim⁰¹ or tim⁰¹/+ does not suppress the dco^ar/dco^j3B9 and dco^ar/Df(3R)tll-g arrhythmic phenotypes. the addition of per^T/+ has nor effect on the arrhythmia phenotype seen in tim⁰¹ flies.

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The behavioural locomotor rhythm (under constant darkness conditions) is restored in about 44.3% of tim⁰¹ flies that are expressing Dana\tim^hs.PN.

(Nishinokubi et al., 2003)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

tim^blind

(Wülbeck et al., 2005)

tim^L3

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^L4

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^S2

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^S1

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^L2

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^L1

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^UL

(Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

tim^rit

(Matsumoto et al., 1999)

Rescued by

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^S586A

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^STwt

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^YFP

(Saez et al., 2011)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^mTim7

(Mazzoni et al., 2005)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^mTim7

(Ashmore et al., 2003)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^mTim4

(Ashmore et al., 2003)

tim⁰³/tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^{per3'UTR.tim.Tag:HA}

(Beaver et al., 2002)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim²⁵¹²

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim¹⁰⁸²

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim¹⁵⁸⁷

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is rescued by tim^cHa

(Hendricks et al., 2000)

Partially rescued by

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^tim.PU/tim^{UAS.L.Tag:FLAG}

(Martin Anduaga et al., 2019)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^tim.PU/tim^{UAS.sc.Tag:FLAG}

(Martin Anduaga et al., 2019)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/tim^UAS.s

(Hara et al., 2011)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^mTimL

(Tauber et al., 2007)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^mTimS

(Tauber et al., 2007)

tim⁰³/tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^tim.PR

(Beaver and Giebultowicz, 2004)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^UAS.cYa/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

(Myers et al., 2003)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^pFL

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^pMIN

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^pFLmut

(McDonald et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^UAS.cYa/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

(Yang and Sehgal, 2001)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^hs.PS

(Suri et al., 1999)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^mTim1

(Ousley et al., 1998)

tim⁰¹ is partially rescued by tim^mTim4

(Ousley et al., 1998)

Not rescued by

tim⁰¹ is not rescued by tim^ST-AA

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

tim⁰¹ is not rescued by tim^T991A

(Kula-Eversole et al., 2021)

tim⁰¹ is not rescued by tim^TA.UAS.s/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

(Hara et al., 2011)

tim⁰¹ is not rescued by tim^ΔNLS.YFP

(Saez et al., 2011)

tim⁰¹ is not rescued by tim^pDEAD

(McDonald et al., 2001)

Comments

Under conditions of constant darkness, wild-type locomotor activity is restored in tim⁰¹; tim^{T:Avic\GFP-YFP} flies.

Under conditions of constant darkness, tim⁰¹; tim^{T:Avic\GFP-YFP} flies show abnormal locomotor activity, as in tim⁰¹ mutants. Most of these flies produce long-period (~30.5 hour) rhythms while the remainder (~30%) are arrhythmic.

(Saez et al., 2011)

The extension of time spent copulating seen in tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ males mated with wild type females is significantly suppressed by tim^tim.PR.

(Beaver and Giebultowicz, 2004)

The locomotor activity arrhythmicity of tim⁰¹/tim⁰³ flies can be rescued by a tim rescue transgene.

(Stempfl et al., 2002)

The locomotor phenotype is partially rescued by tim^mTim4; 72% of tim⁰¹ flies carrying tim^mTim4 are rhythmic and the rhythmic individuals have wild-type periods. 27-40% of tim⁰¹ flies carrying tim^mTim1 are rhythmic, but the periods are long, ranging from 30.5 to 48 hours.

(Ousley et al., 1998)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (7)

Bloomington

80930

tim⁰¹

80922

y¹ w^*; tim⁰¹

95309

w^*; tim⁰¹/CyO; P{UAS-tim.spliced}attP2/TM2

95308

w^*; tim⁰¹/CyO; P{UAS-tim.retained}attP2/TM2

95311

w^*; tim⁰¹/CyO; P{UAS-tim.retained+ssM}attP2/TM6C, Sb¹

Kyoto

109591

w^*; tim⁰¹; P{hs-Dana\tim}113

109592

w^*; tim⁰¹; P{hs-Dana\tim}223

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Single mutation is responsible for the aberrant phenotypes.

(Vosshall et al., 1994)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

tim0

(Dunlap, 1996)

tim01

(Luo et al., 2012, Ishida et al., 2001)

tim⁰¹

(Johnson et al., 2023, Lateef et al., 2023, Majcin Dorcikova et al., 2023, Thakkar et al., 2023, Johnstone et al., 2022, Tang et al., 2022, Vaughen et al., 2022, Kula-Eversole et al., 2021, Lee et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Ulgherait et al., 2020, Martin Anduaga et al., 2019, Singh et al., 2019, Noreen et al., 2018, Zhao and Karpac, 2017, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Gill et al., 2015, Head et al., 2015, Goda et al., 2014, Liu and Zhao, 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Seki and Tanimura, 2014, Zheng et al., 2014, Szabó et al., 2013, Kaneko et al., 2012, Luo and Sehgal, 2012, Diangelo et al., 2011, Hara et al., 2011, Blanchard et al., 2010, Ruiz et al., 2010, Gong, 2009, Johard et al., 2009, Sehadova et al., 2009, Fernandez et al., 2008, Fujii et al., 2008, Tanoue et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2008, Yoshii et al., 2008, Mehnert et al., 2007, Tauber et al., 2007, Tauber et al., 2007, Ganguly-Fitzgerald et al., 2006, Peschel et al., 2006, Van Gelder, 2006, Wijnen et al., 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Yoshii et al., 2005, Stanewsky et al., 2002)

tim⁰

(Cai et al., 2021, Abrieux et al., 2020, Martin Anduaga et al., 2019, Shakhmantsir et al., 2018, Top et al., 2016, Grima et al., 2012, Lamaze et al., 2011, Saez et al., 2011, Gegear et al., 2010, Koh et al., 2006, Schoning and Staiger, 2005, Yuan et al., 2005, Busza et al., 2004, Majercak et al., 2004, Myers et al., 2003, Weber and Kay, 2003, Ceriani et al., 2002, Grima et al., 2002, Hendricks et al., 2001, McDonald et al., 2001, Rosato and Kyriacou, 2001, Su et al., 2001, Ueda et al., 2001, Williams et al., 2001, Bae et al., 2000, Hendricks et al., 2000, Kilduff, 2000, Schotland et al., 2000, Andretic et al., 1999, Ishikawa et al., 1999, Naidoo et al., 1999, Bae et al., 1998, Emery et al., 1998, Lee et al., 1998, Peixoto et al., 1998, Rutila et al., 1998, Sidote et al., 1998, Yang et al., 1998, Dembinska et al., 1997, Giebultowicz and Hege, 1997, Rosato et al., 1997, Rouyer et al., 1997, So and Rosbash, 1997, Suri et al., 1997, Zafarullah et al., 1997, Myers et al., 1996, Rosbash et al., 1996, Zeng et al., 1996, Rosbash, 1995)

tim¹

tim^o1

(Preuss et al., 2004)

tim^o

(Preuss et al., 2004, Young et al., 1996)

Name Synonyms

timeless01

(Ruiz et al., 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (148)

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