FB2024_03 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\PlexA
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\PlexA
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Plexin A
Annotation Symbol
CG11081
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0025741
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Plexin A (PlexA) encodes a transmembrane receptor for Semaphorin ligands encoded by Sema1a and Sema1b. The intracellular region of this receptor has GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity on Ras/Rap small GTPases. The signaling by the product of PlexA alters actin, microtubules and cell adhesion in developmental processes such as axon guidance. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

lincRNA.927

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
4-0
RefSeq locus
NC_004353 REGION:1009895..1027101
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (19 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:14-3-3ε; FB:FBgn0020238
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Sema2a; FB:FBgn0011260
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q6AWJ9
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR031148
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001098994
traceable author statement
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sema1a; FB:FBgn0011259
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rho1; FB:FBgn0014020
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sema2a; FB:FBgn0011260
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000504953
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001861955
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001861955
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001098994
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001861955
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000504953
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001098994
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from sequence model
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001098994
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Plexin A (PlexA) encodes a transmembrane receptor for Semaphorin ligands encoded by Sema1a and Sema1b. The intracellular region of this receptor has GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity on Ras/Rap small GTPases. The signaling by the product of PlexA alters actin, microtubules and cell adhesion in developmental processes such as axon guidance. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RAS-LIKE GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEINS -
Ras-like GTPase activating proteins are an evolutionary-related group of Ras GAPs that promote GTP hydrolysis by the Ras subfamily of the Ras GTPases. (Adapted from FBrf0229300).
PLEXINS -
The Plexins are transmembrane axon guidance proteins that serve as receptors for semaphorins. (Adapted from FBrf0208160).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

semaphorin domain protein, semaphorin receptor - involved in axon guidance - Semaphorin 2a secreted by oenocytes signals through plexin B and plexin A to guide sensory axons in the Drosophila embryo

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PlexA for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V491)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0089223
6592
1945
FBtr0089225
5153
1505
FBtr0089224
5200
1505
FBtr0309865
10243
1928
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

7.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0088287
218.4
1945
6.56
FBpp0088289
170.2
1505
6.48
FBpp0088288
170.2
1505
6.48
FBpp0301599
216.4
1928
6.52
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1505 aa isoforms: PlexA-PB, PlexA-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PlexA using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.03

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

plexA transcripts are broadly distributed during early embryogenesis. Starting at the extended germ band stage, expression is strong in the CNS but is reduced elsewhere. After stage 15, transcripts are mainly restricted to the CNS where they are found in many neurons. Expression is also observed in myoblasts but does not persist in muscle fibers.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

PlexB is widely expressed in the adult thoracic ganglion. It is observed in a punctate, dashed pattern along neural processes.

R-cells in the posterior of the posterior region of the third instar larval eye-disc are immunopositive for plexA.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PlexA in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PlexA
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PlexA
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (36)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
10 of 14
No
Yes
1  
8 of 14
No
Yes
1  
7 of 14
No
No
1  
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (12)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (15)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (26)
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
No
No
7 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (27)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PlexA. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
8 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
4
Recombination map
4-0
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
102F5-102F6
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
102E1-102E1
102E1-102E2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (12)
Genomic Clones (10)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (194)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      plexA functions upstream of Sema-1a to mediate the interaction between neighboring R-cell axons for the establishment of appropriate topographic projections in the optic lobes.

      PlexA functions cell autonomously in guiding the lateral cluster and v'ch1 axons.

      nvy couples cAMP-PKA signaling to plexA to regulate Sema-1a-mediated axon repulsion.

      plexA controls motor and central nervous system axon guidance in the embryo.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: plexA BcDNA:GM05237

      Additional comments

      Source for merge of plexA BcDNA:GM05237 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: PlexA plexA

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      BcDNA:GM05237
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0062490
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 109 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (160)