DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for mus209 protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a greater than three-fold increase in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli after ecdysone treatment in S2 cells.

mus209 function is indispensable for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

Mutants isolated in a screen of the second chromosome identifying genes affecting disc morphology.

Gene is involved in post-replication translesion synthesis repair.

The genetic interaction between crm and mus209 highlight possible interactions between Pc-group mediated gene silencing and DNA replication.

Several elements of the mus209 promoter play roles during development. The DRE (DNA replication-related element) is analysed and URE (upstream regulatory element) is identified and shown to also play an essential role.

DRE (DNA replication-related element), consisting of an 8bp palindrome, TATCGATA, is responsible for activating the mus209 promoter in both cultured cells and in transgenic flies.

Expression pattern and subcellular distribution of the protein during development is studied using antibodies.

The expression of mus209 during embryogenesis and in Kc cells has been studied. The prolonged halflife of the mus209 protein in stg mutant embryos suggests involvement of phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of some proteins in disassembly of the DNA replication enzyme complex.

Analysis of mus209-Ecol\lacZ promoter fusions suggests that the mus209 promoter region is practically sufficient for its proper expression and that the homeodomain protein binding region functions as a silencer when tor is activated ectopically.

A 10bp sequence including the 8bp palindromic sequence is necessary for binding to DNA replication-related element binding factor (DREF). In Kc cells the 8bp palindromic sequence is necessary and sufficient for the DRE function. In living flies the 8bp is important for the DRE function buts its requirement appears to be less stringent than that in cultured cells.

E2f sites are present within the mus209 promoter and are required for mus209 promoter function throughout development.

The coordinate program of expression of S phase genes (DNApol-α180, mus209, RnrL and RnrS) can be induced by CycE expression, but is not disrupted in stg mutants and is therefore not a secondary consequence of cell cycle progression.

The vital function of mus209 is required in virtually all stages of fly development. mus209 has a DNA repair related function which may be distinct from its vital function and mutations suppress position-effect variegation.

mus209 is negatively regulated by zen protein. This repression is mediated by the DRE (DNA replication-related element) sites in the mus209 promoter. The amount of Dref is reduced in transfected Kc cells expressing zen, suggesting that zen represses expression of DNA replication-related genes by reducing the amount of Dref.

DNApol-α and mus209 products share DRE, an 8bp palindrome required for high expression.

mus209 protein distribution during the first 13 nuclear division cycles of embryogenesis has been studied.

The region of mus209 5' flanking sequences required for promoter activity has been mapped to a 192bp region (-168 to +24bp relative to the transcription start site) using a series of mus209-Ecol\CAT reporter constructs. zen represses transcription from the mus209 promoter of mus209-Ecol\CAT reporter constructs.

mus209 protein has been purified and characterised.

mus209 has been cloned, sequenced and its RNA expression pattern analysed. In vitro DNA footprinting analysis shows that eve and zen can bind to sites in the mus209 5' flanking region.

One of a series of mostly recessive lethals recovered based on their lethality in combination with Df(2R)173 (cytology normal) and Df(2R)017 (Shellenbarger and Duttagupta, 1978; Duttagupta and Shellenbarger, 1980).

Recessive lethal; no phenotype in heterozygote, except when heterozygous to l(2)56Fb in which case short thin bristles are observed.

FlyBase curator comment: the insertion in the "f03331" Exelixis line (PBac{WH}plu^f03331) was originally assigned to the mus209 gene in FBrf0179797, resulting in the "mus209^f03331" (FBal0158909) allele. However, FBrf0184340 shows that the insertion is actually within plu.

Four complementation groups within Df(2R)017 but not Df(2R)173 (not further described) plus five sites uncovered by both deficiencies, which are separable by complementation analysis, but arbitrarily considered to represent three gene loci, two of which have complementing alleles, and the third of which interacts in trans with the other two. Except for the fact that l(2)56Fa maps to the left of M(2)56F and the inference that l(2)56Fb lies between them, nothing known of order of loci.

Source for identity of: mus209 CG9193

Source for identity of: PCNA mus209