FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\AGO2[414]

AGO2⁴¹⁴ adults orally or systemically infected with Drosophila C Virus (DCV) show increased viral load compared to controls; oral infection with Sindbis virus (SINV) does not lead to increased viral load compared to controls.

(Segrist et al., 2021)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ homozygotes show a significant increase in viral load in the head upon infection with SINV, but not with ZIKV, as compared to infected controls.

(Liu et al., 2018)

The survival rate of DIP1^EY02625 mutants after DCV infection is 30% compared to controls. Median survival is 5-6 days.

(Zhang et al., 2015)

Compared with wild-type, AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant flies show increased sensitivity to Invertebrate Iridescent Virus type 6 (IIV-6) infection. The mutant flies also contain more viral DNA than do wild-type controls.

(Kemp et al., 2013)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ homozygotes are short lived compared to controls. 2-4 day old AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2^51B transheterozygous adults show a mild defect in 24 hour memory after spaced training compared to wild type. This defect is markedly worse in 20 day old adults.

(Li et al., 2013)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant flies are more susceptible to non-virulent Flock house virus (FHV) mutant infection than wild-type. The FHV mutant that lacks viral protein FHV\B2, a known RNAi suppressor, is not pathogenic in wild-type flies, but AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutants show decreased survival after infection. Unlike the case in wild-type flies, the FHV FHV\B2 mutant replicates to high levels in AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutants.

(Han et al., 2011)

More than 60% of cells in anaphase mutant wing discs contain lagging chromosomes.

(Pek and Kai, 2011)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutants display a reduction in dsRNA processing and a subsequent ~86% reduction in siRNA levels.

(Marques et al., 2010)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant flies show severely compromised survival when infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, and die within 12 days of infection. Viral titres are significantly higher compared to controls.

(Mueller et al., 2010)

AGO2⁴¹⁴/+ significantly suppresses the position effect variegation of the Sb¹ allele that is seen in the T(2;3)Sb^V chromosome.

(Fagegaltier et al., 2009)

Homozygous projection neuron (PN) clones show normal dendrite and axon targeting in adPN clones and in DL1 single cell projection neuron clones.

(Berdnik et al., 2008)

Flock house virus (FHV) viral RNA accumulates at greater levels in AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos than in wild-type embryos.

(Wang et al., 2006)

Mutant flies are hypersensitive to infection with either Drosophila C virus (DCV) or Cricket Paralysis virus (CrPV); the median survival after inoculation with 350 TCID₅₀ of DCV or CrPV is reduced compared to controls, and the 50% lethal dose of virus is much lower than for control flies.

Even at early time points after inoculation with DCV, viral titers in mutant flies are 1000-fold higher than in controls.

(van Rij et al., 2006)

The distance from one nucleus to the next is variable in AGO2⁴¹⁴ presyncytial and syncytial embryos compared to regular in wild-type,

with nuclei found clustered in some regions of the embryo while they

are absent in other regions. Many AGO2⁴¹⁴ nuclei fail to migrate

to the surface, while others appear to reach the surface but then fall

back into the interior of the embryo, consequently the nuclear distribution

at the surface is quite irregular. In some regions there is a high

concentration of nuclei, often linked together in 'strings' of two,

three, or four incompletely separated nuclei, while in other regions

there are very few. There is also evidence that some nuclei may have

more than the normal complement of DNA while others may be missing

DNA.

Defects in chromosomal migration are also evident prior to nuclear

migration in AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant embryos.

Consistent with the requirement for AGO2 in the proper execution

of the mitotic cycle, anomalous anaphase figures with incompletely

condensed and irregularly positioned chromosomes are observed in the

AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant.

Nearly 10-15% of AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant embryos do not hatch.

A variety of anomalies are evident in AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos. In the early

cleavage stage embryo, nuclei can be fragmented and can appear to have

incompletely separated but still enter mitosis. In older embryos, asynchrony

is occasionally observed in incompletely separated nuclei.

During metaphase in AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos, nuclei appear to undergo a

normal mitosis in approximately half of the cases. In the other half,

defects such as 'orphan' centrosomes pairs are observed. While the

duplicated centrosomes occasionally remain in close proximity, most

appear to migrate to opposite poles. These 'orphan' centrosome pairs

are not associated with a mitotic spindle apparatus or with mitotic

chromosomes, nor does there appear to be any nearby interphase nucleus.

While other centrosome pairs appear to properly nucleate the mitotic

spindle apparatus, the spindles are abnormally short and do not extend

to the chromosomes or make connections with the centromeres. The chromosomes

often appear to be displaced from their normal position in the center

of the metaphase plate. In other cases there are DNA bridges that extend

between two adjacent mitotic figures. There are also 'mitotic spindle'

bridges that connect two different mitotic figures.

In half of AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos the cytoskeleton, normally a regular

lattice, is replaced by a broken network with irregularly shaped contractile

rings that vary in thickness from one part of the ring to the next.

Some of these scra-labelled rings appear to contain multiple nuclei,

while other rings have neither nuclei nor DNA.

The total number of pole cells is much reduced in AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos

(8, compared to 20 per embryo in wild-type). These pole cells are often

not positioned correctly at the very posterior or are separated from

each other by somatic cells. There is also a great deal of variability

in the number of pole cells in AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutants compared to wild-type.

While some AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos have only two or three pole cells, there

are a few that have near wild-type numbers. This reduction in the number

of pole cells can be traced back to nuclear cycle 8-9 when migrating

nuclei first enter the posterior pole plasm. Several nuclear cycle

8-9 AGO2⁴¹⁴ embryos have fewer pole buds than wild-type.

(Deshpande et al., 2005)

Mutant animals exhibit a resistance to RNA interference from injected dsRNAs.

(Okamura et al., 2004)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2[+] is an enhancer of partially lethal - majority die | male phenotype of Df(1)roX2Δ, lncRNA:roX1^ex33A

(Menon and Meller, 2012)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2⁴¹⁴ is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Csk^HMS02277, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PFa

(Lee et al., 2020)

AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2⁴¹⁴ is a suppressor of abnormal eye color | semidominant phenotype of w^RNAi.GMR

(Lee et al., 2020)

AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2[+] is a suppressor | partially of partially lethal - majority live phenotype of ct^A, lncRNA:flam^A

(Guida et al., 2016)

AGO3[+], AGO2⁴¹⁴, AGO3^t2, AGO2[+] is a suppressor of partially lethal - majority live phenotype of ct^A, lncRNA:flam^A

(Guida et al., 2016)

AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2[+] is a suppressor of abnormal developmental rate | female phenotype of msl-2^Hsp83.PK

(Menon and Meller, 2012)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ is a suppressor of abnormal eye color phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, w^RNAi.UAS.cKa

(Sanders and Smith, 2011)

Other

Statement

Reference

AGO2⁴¹⁴, Df(1)roX2Δ, lncRNA:roX1^ex40A has partially lethal - majority die | male phenotype

(Menon and Meller, 2012)

AGO2⁴¹⁴, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU, Zzzz\CCG^90.UAS.EGFP, Zzzz\CGG^90.UAS.EGFP has lethal | pupal stage phenotype

(Sofola et al., 2007)

AGO2⁴¹⁴, w[+]/w^+mW.hs has abnormal eye color phenotype

(Deshpande et al., 2005)

AGO2⁴¹⁴, w^+mW.hs has abnormal eye color phenotype

(Deshpande et al., 2005)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

AGO2⁴¹⁴ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, Zzzz\CAG^{250.UAS.DsRed2}, Zzzz\CTG^{200.UAS.DsRed2}

(Yu et al., 2011)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ is a suppressor of retina phenotype of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, Zzzz\CAG^{250.UAS.DsRed2}, Zzzz\CTG^{200.UAS.DsRed2}

(Yu et al., 2011)

Other

Statement

Reference

AGO2⁴¹⁴, w[+]/w^+mW.hs has eye phenotype

(Deshpande et al., 2005)

AGO2⁴¹⁴, w^+mW.hs has eye phenotype

(Deshpande et al., 2005)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The mortality exhibited by flam^A, ct^A double homozygotes is suppressed by either AGO2⁴¹⁴ heterozygosity (partial suppression) or AGO2⁴¹⁴, AGO3^t2 double heterozygosity (full suppression).

(Guida et al., 2016)

The eyes of w^dsRNA.GMR transgenic female flies homozygous for AGO2⁴¹⁴ are similar to that of wild-type.

(Fukunaga et al., 2012)

The survival of roX1^ex33A Df(1)roX2Δ adult males is reduced if they are also heterozygous for AGO2⁴¹⁴.

AGO2⁴¹⁴/+ partially suppresses the delay in peak eclosion which is seen in females expressing msl-2^Hsp83.PK.

roX1^ex40A Df(1)roX2Δ ; AGO2⁴¹⁴/AGO2⁴¹⁴ males show only 8% survival.

(Menon and Meller, 2012)

The eye colour of w^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cKa}, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF flies reverts to red in a AGO2⁴¹⁴ background.

(Sanders and Smith, 2011)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ mutant flies carrying two copies of w^IR.GMR fail to silence the w gene and exhibit red eyes.

(Marques et al., 2010)

Double mutant AGO1^k08121 AFO2⁴¹⁴ projection neuron (PN) clones show normal glomerular target selection in adPN clones and in DL1 single cell projection neuron clones.

(Berdnik et al., 2008)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

An AGO2⁴¹⁴ homozygous background dramatically mitigates the toxicity found upon co-expression of Disc\RFP^{(CTG)200.Scer\UAS} and Disc\RFP^{CAG250.DsRed2.Scer\UAS} in the developing eye, under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF.

(Yu et al., 2011)

Co-expression of both Zzzz\CCG^{90.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} and Zzzz\CGG^{90.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU suppresses the disorganised external eye phenotype and photoreceptor cell degeneration which is seen when either construct is expressed singly under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU. This mutual suppression by Zzzz\CCG^{90.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} and Zzzz\CGG^{90.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} does not occur if they are co-expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU in a AGO2⁴¹⁴ homozygous background - in this case, the flies show pupal lethality and have a more severe eye phenotype than that seen when either construct is expressed singly.

(Sofola et al., 2007)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

AGO2^V966M

(Kim et al., 2007)

Rescued by

AGO2⁴¹⁴ is rescued by AGO2^+t10.1

(Kim et al., 2007)

AGO2⁴¹⁴ is rescued by AGO2^+t10.1

(Okamura et al., 2004)

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Kyoto

109027

w^*; AGO2⁴¹⁴

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

AGO2⁴¹⁴

(Brosh et al., 2022, Segrist et al., 2021, Eyk et al., 2019, Goto et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Teixeira et al., 2017, Guida et al., 2016, Carré et al., 2013, Kemp et al., 2013, Mueller et al., 2010, Habayeb et al., 2009, Berdnik et al., 2008, Czech et al., 2008, Deddouche et al., 2008, Okamura et al., 2008)

Ago-2⁴¹⁴

(van Rij et al., 2006)

Ago2⁴¹⁴

(Cai et al., 2020, Lee et al., 2020, Martins et al., 2019, Nayak et al., 2018, Chow et al., 2017, Li et al., 2013, Nayak et al., 2010, Berry et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2007, Sofola et al., 2007, Pham and Sontheimer, 2005)

Ago2^KO

(Chow et al., 2017)

ago-2⁴¹⁴

(Sanders and Smith, 2011, Wang et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006)

ago2(414)

(Gehrke et al., 2010)

ago⁴¹⁴

(Wong et al., 2017)

Name Synonyms

Argonaute 2414

(Merkling et al., 2015)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (65)

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