FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Ilp2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ilp2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Insulin-like peptide 2
Annotation Symbol
CG8167
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0036046
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
21 publicly available
Gene Summary
Insulin-like peptide 2 (Ilp2) encodes a protein which, like human insulin, activates the insulin signaling pathway to control growth and metabolism. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dilp2, dilp-2, Dilp 2, DILP, Ilp-2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
67C8-67C8
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-31
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9799698..9800440
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (31 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables insulin receptor binding
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P09208
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:InR; FB:FBgn0283499
(Lin et al., 2017)
enables receptor ligand activity
inferred from direct assay
(Post et al., 2018, Lin et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables hormone activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016179, InterPro:IPR022352
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (26 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (26 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in carbohydrate homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2009)
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus
inferred from expression pattern
(Park et al., 2014)
involved_in determination of adult lifespan
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Glyp; FB:FBgn0004507
(Post et al., 2018)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grönke et al., 2010)
involved_in female mating behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wigby et al., 2011)
involved_in germ-line stem-cell niche homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2009)
involved_in glucose homeostasis
(Ugrankar et al., 2015)
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:InR; FB:FBgn0283499
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roth et al., 2018)
inferred from direct assay
(Post et al., 2018, Lin et al., 2017)
involved_in larval feeding behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2005)
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Metaxakis et al., 2014)
involved_in negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schiesari et al., 2016)
involved_in negative regulation of feeding behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hong et al., 2012)
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Post et al., 2018)
involved_in positive regulation of cell growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
involved_in positive regulation of cell size
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2009, Honegger et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of organ growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Honegger et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of cell size
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of growth rate
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grönke et al., 2010)
involved_in regulation of multicellular organism growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of organ growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
involved_in response to amino acid starvation
inferred from expression pattern
(Kim and Neufeld, 2015)
involved_in response to food
inferred from expression pattern
(Palu and Thummel, 2016)
involved_in sleep
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Metaxakis et al., 2014)
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2009)
NOT involved_in circadian rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Metaxakis et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Palu and Thummel, 2016, Kim and Neufeld, 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016179
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
non-traceable author statement
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the insulin family. (Q9VT51)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Insulin-like peptide 2 (Ilp2) encodes a protein which, like human insulin, activates the insulin signaling pathway to control growth and metabolism. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NEUROPEPTIDES -
Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).
INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDES -
The insulin superfamily consists of peptides such as vertebrate insulins, mammalian relaxin and insulin-like growth factors, and invertebrate insulin-like peptides (ILP). They are synthesized as pre-propeptides and processed to yield two peptides, A and B, linked by disulfide bonds. ILPs have been identified throughout invertebrate species. In D.mel, ILPs may function as peptide hormones and/or neuropeptides. They have been linked to the regulation of growth and development. (Adapted from FBrf0189697 and FBrf0152330).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Insulin-like Receptor (IR) signaling pathway in Drosophila is initiated by the binding of an insulin-like peptides to the Insulin-like receptor (InR). (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays a role in regulating body size by increasing cell size and cell number of individual organs. Probably mediates its growth effects by acting as a ligand for the insulin receptor and transducing a signal via the Chico/PI3K/Akt(PKB) pathway.
(UniProt, Q9VT51)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Insulin-like growth factor that functions as a growth stimulator - regulates of trehalose metabolism

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ilp2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VT51)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ilp2-RA
FBtr0076329
NM_079288
670
137
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ilp2-PA
FBpp0076058
15.3
137
7.05
Q9VT51
NP_524012
AAF50204
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.

(UniProt, Q9VT51)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ilp2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.51

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 16
embryonic/larval midgut
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
mesoderm
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
larval stage
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Lee et al., 2008)
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis of larval pars intercerebralis
(Ikeya et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval brain | anterior | medial | restricted
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
imaginal disc | ubiquitous
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
embryonic/larval salivary gland | ubiquitous
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
adult stage
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Broughton et al., 2005)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
first instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Okamoto and Nishimura, 2015)
first instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
organism
(Slaidina et al., 2009)
second instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Okamoto and Nishimura, 2015)
third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Okamoto and Nishimura, 2015)
embryonic/larval brain
(Söderberg et al., 2011)
pharate adult stage P15
organism
(Slaidina et al., 2009)
adult stage | female
organism
(Slaidina et al., 2009)
adult stage
adult brain
(Söderberg et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression of Ilp2 in dorsomedial neurosecretory cells decreases through the three larval instars.

(Okamoto and Nishimura, 2015)

Ilp2 is expressed in a bilaterally symmetrical cluster of 5 to 7 neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis. It is co-expressed with Ilp3 and Ilp5.

(Broughton et al., 2005)

Transcript is expressed in two clusters of cells in the pars intercerebralis corresponding to the medial neurosecretory cell clusters (m-NSCs) from the first through third larval instars.

(Ikeya et al., 2002)

Transcript is detected in the embryo with low levels in the embryonic mesoderm and high signal in the midgut. During the third larval instar transcript is ubiquitously expressed in imaginal discs at a low level and a high signal is detected in seven cells in each brain hemisphere in an anterior-medial postion

(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis | subset
(Sano et al., 2015)
second instar larval stage
embryonic/larval CNS perineurial glial cell | punctate | subset

Comment: 24 hours after hatching

(Chell and Brand, 2010)
third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Liu et al., 2016)
early third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Luo et al., 2012)
late third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Luo et al., 2012)
prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P7
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Liu et al., 2016)
pharate adult stage P8 -- adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Liu et al., 2016)
adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis | subset
(Enell et al., 2010)
adult pars intercerebralis
(Enell et al., 2010)
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Luo et al., 2012)
neurosecretory cell of pars intercerebralis
(Holst et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

Ilp2 and ScerGAL4Ilp6.PC are expressed in the same subset of stellate perineurial glial cells.

(Chell and Brand, 2010)

Ilp2 protein is expressed in the insulin producing cells (IPC), a subset of the dorsomedial neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis and in other dorsal cells of this cluster. The IPC cells that express Ilp2 are also labeled by the expression of ScerGAL4GABA-B-R2.PR.

(Enell et al., 2010)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Palu and Thummel, 2016, Kim and Neufeld, 2015)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GMR96A08-GAL4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Buhler et al., 2018)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-GAL4.215-3}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
neurosecretory neuron | subset of adult brain | dorsal | restricted
(Cognigni et al., 2011)
neuron | subset of adult gnathal ganglion | restricted
(Cognigni et al., 2011)
adult pars intercerebralis
(Hong et al., 2008)
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Hadjieconomou et al., 2020)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-GAL4.R}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 16 -- wandering third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Buhler et al., 2018)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Buhler et al., 2018)
larval stage -- pupal stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Agrawal et al., 2010)
larval stage -- adult stage
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Agrawal et al., 2010)
third instar larval stage
neurosecretory neuron
(Colombani et al., 2003)
brain | restricted
(Rulifson et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002)
neurosecretory neuron of brain | subset
(Rulifson et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002)
neurosecretory neuron | subset
(Rulifson et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Buhler et al., 2018)
pupal stage -- adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Agrawal et al., 2010)
adult stage
adult pars intercerebralis
(Davis et al., 2014, Jansen et al., 2009)
adult pars intercerebralis | restricted
(Crocker et al., 2010)
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis | subset
(Crocker et al., 2010)
adult Dh44 neuron of pars intercerebralis
(Shahidullah et al., 2009)
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Meiselman et al., 2022)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-GAL4.W}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis | subset
(Enell et al., 2010)
adult pars intercerebralis
(Enell et al., 2010)
adult median bundle | dorsal
(Enell et al., 2010)
tritocerebrum
(Enell et al., 2010)
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Luo et al., 2012)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-lexA::VP16}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Deveci et al., 2019)
larval stage -- pupal stage
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Li and Gong, 2015)
adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Meiselman et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2020)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-lexA.B}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Buhler et al., 2018)
wandering third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Buhler et al., 2018)
Reporter: P{Ilp2-Switch.K}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Park et al., 2014)
Reporter: P{Ilp215-1-GAL4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
larval insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Buhler et al., 2018)
adult stage
adult insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
(Palu and Thummel, 2016, Alfa et al., 2015, Park et al., 2014)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ilp2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ilp2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ilp2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
lethal, with Scer\GAL4ppl.PP
partially lethal - majority live, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal courtship behavior | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4GS.Ilp2.PU
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
abnormal feeding behavior, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal feeding behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sNPF-R.2.5
abnormal mating
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL46-60
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR9B08
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR27G05
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
abnormal sleep | adult stage
abnormal sleep | adult stage (with Df(3L)Ilp2-3)
abnormal stress response, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4arm.PU
chemical resistant | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
decreased body size, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
decreased fecundity
increased body size
increased body size, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
increased body size, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
increased body size | heat sensitive
increased body weight, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
long lived
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
short lived | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PW
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
axon | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR9B08
dendrite | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL46-60
dendrite | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR9B08
dendrite | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR27G05
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8 | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL46-60
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8 | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR9B08
distal medullary amacrine neuron Dm8 | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR27G05
photoreceptor cell R7 | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR9B08
wing, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\IGF1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\IGF2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\INSL5
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Igf1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Igf2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Ins1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Mmus\Igf1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Igf2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Ins1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Ins2
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Insl5
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\igf1
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\igf2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\igf3
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\insl5
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ins
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rflb
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\rflcii
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
Drer\igf1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\igf2a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\igf2b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\igf3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\insb
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\ins
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\insl3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\insl5a
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\LOC100534937
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rln1
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\ins-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010604
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010602
5 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010601
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010603
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010605
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010600
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ilp2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Ilp1
3 of 13
Ilp3
3 of 13
Ilp5
3 of 13
Ilp4
2 of 13
Ilp6
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Ilp2UAS.cBa
ameliorates  obesity
modeled by Itprka1091, Itprug3
(Subramanian et al., 2013)
exacerbates  cancer
modeled by scrib1
(Sanaki et al., 2020)
ameliorates  type 2 diabetes mellitus
modeled by UchKO
(Lee et al., 2024)
modeled by UchC93S
(Lee et al., 2024)
Ilp21
ameliorates  cancer
modeled by scrib1
(Sanaki et al., 2020)
ameliorates  fragile X syndrome
modeled by Fmr13
(Monyak et al., 2017)
Ilp2UAS.cUa
ameliorates  intestinal cancer
modeled by ykiS111A.S168A.S250A.UAS.Tag:V5
(Wang et al., 2023)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Ilp2
suppressible
Ide
(Tsuda et al., 2010)
Ilp2
enhanceable
ImpL2
(Honegger et al., 2008)
Ilp2
suppressible
ImpL2
(Honegger et al., 2008)
Ilp2
suppressible
InR
(Brogiolo et al., 2001)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
bsk
suppressible
Ilp2
(Karpac et al., 2009)
dcma
suppressible
Ilp2
(Wilson et al., 2020)
Ilp5
suppressible
Ilp2
(Park et al., 2014)
ImpL2
suppressible
Ilp2
(Honegger et al., 2008)
Itpr
suppressible
Ilp2
(Subramanian et al., 2013)
pHCl-2
suppressible
Ilp2
(Redhai et al., 2020)
Pten
suppressible
Ilp2
(Nowak et al., 2013)
Ras85D
suppressible
Ilp2
(Okada et al., 2023)
Ras85D
suppressible
Ilp2|Ilp3|Ilp5
(Okada et al., 2023)
rpr
suppressible
Ilp2
(Rulifson et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002)
TBC1d7
suppressible
Ilp2
(Ren et al., 2018)
yki
suppressible
Ilp2
(Wang et al., 2023)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two disulfide bonds.
(UniProt, Q9VT51 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Insulin-like Receptor (IR) signaling pathway in Drosophila is initiated by the binding of an insulin-like peptides to the Insulin-like receptor (InR). (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989.)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3L
Recombination map
3-31
Cytogenetic map
67C8-67C8
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
67C8-67C8
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}fry02240 and P{lacW}l(3)L0539L0539&P{PZ}Dhh1rL562
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-31

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-24.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (21)
Genomic Clones (22)
cDNA Clones (2)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Ghosh et al., 2022, Hasygar and Hietakangas, 2014, Bader et al., 2013, Kwak et al., 2013, Géminard et al., 2009, Veenstra et al., 2008)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (44)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          Akh
          (De Groef et al., 2021)
          CG8167
          (Mao et al., 2024, Rovenko et al., 2015, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Borras et al., 2003, Brogiolo et al., 2001)
          DILP
          (Wu et al., 2005, Drummond-Barbosa and Spradling, 2004, Nijhout, 2003, Nijhout, 2003, Cao and Brown, 2001)
          DILP 2
          (Das and Arur, 2017, Nässel et al., 2015)
          DILP-2
          (Kim et al., 2023, Slankster et al., 2020, Inoue et al., 2018, Marzio et al., 2014, Nassel, 2002)
          DILP2
          (Lee et al., 2024, Manoli et al., 2023, Destefanis et al., 2022, Meshrif et al., 2022, Nässel and Wu, 2022, Nässel and Zandawala, 2022, Ratnaparkhi and Sudhakaran, 2022, Chen et al., 2021, Liguori et al., 2021, Mascolo et al., 2021, Nässel, 2021, Pathak and Varghese, 2021, Semaniuk et al., 2021, Ahmad et al., 2020, Koyama et al., 2020, Nässel and Zandawala, 2020, Texada et al., 2020, Toprak et al., 2020, Nagy et al., 2019, Nässel et al., 2019, Nie et al., 2019, Jung et al., 2018, Nässel, 2018, Roed et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Lin et al., 2017, Wakabayashi et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Landayan and Wolf, 2015, Rovenko et al., 2015, Luo et al., 2014, Owusu-Ansah and Perrimon, 2014, Chhabra et al., 2013, Kannan and Fridell, 2013, Miyamoto et al., 2013, Nässel et al., 2013, Luo et al., 2012, Musselman et al., 2011, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Slaidina et al., 2009, Luong et al., 2006, Bender et al., 2004, Rayburn et al., 2004, Li and White, 2003, Leevers, 2001)
          DILPs
          (Grenier and Leulier, 2020, Lee et al., 2020)
          Dilp
          (Rhea et al., 2007, Bradley and Leevers, 2003)
          Dilp 2
          (P et al., 2020, Westfall et al., 2019, Macedo et al., 2017, Rajan and Perrimon, 2013, Claeys et al., 2002)
          Dilp-2
          (Yuan et al., 2020, Bader et al., 2013, Hoshizaki and Gibbs, 2007)
          Dilp1-5
          (Miao et al., 2022)
          Dilp2
          (Chen et al., 2024, Yoon et al., 2024, Bulgari et al., 2023, Meng et al., 2023, Okada et al., 2023, Tuo et al., 2023, Yang et al., 2023, Bhanja et al., 2022, De Nobrega et al., 2022, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Enomoto and Igaki, 2022, He et al., 2022, Noguchi et al., 2022, Oyeniran et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Xu et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Han et al., 2021, He et al., 2021, Kannangara et al., 2021, Lourido et al., 2021, Meschi and Delanoue, 2021, Moraes and Montagne, 2021, Nayak and Mishra, 2021, Shafer and Keene, 2021, Wu et al., 2021, Yamazoe et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Brown et al., 2020, Ingaramo et al., 2020, King and Sehgal, 2020, Luo et al., 2020, Sanaki et al., 2020, Tang et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Deveci et al., 2019, Katsube et al., 2019, May et al., 2019, Meschi et al., 2019, Ryu et al., 2019, Texada et al., 2019, Buhler et al., 2018, Bulgari et al., 2018, Fan et al., 2018, Jayakumar and Hasan, 2018, Fedina et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Droujinine and Perrimon, 2016, Hong et al., 2016, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Schlegel et al., 2016, Zheng et al., 2016, Burn et al., 2015, Figueroa-Clarevega and Bilder, 2015, Huang et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Rovenko et al., 2015, Suh et al., 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Van Hiel et al., 2015, Brankatschk et al., 2014, Cavanaugh et al., 2014, Handke et al., 2014, Sato-Miyata et al., 2014, Wong et al., 2014, Andersen et al., 2013, Bader et al., 2013, Carlsson et al., 2013, Gimenez et al., 2013, Kwak et al., 2013, Luo et al., 2013, Nässel et al., 2013, Nowak et al., 2013, Okamoto et al., 2013, Shim et al., 2013, Hong et al., 2012, Kapan et al., 2012, Luo et al., 2012, Rajan and Perrimon, 2012, Wong et al., 2012, Birse et al., 2011, Sehgal and Mignot, 2011, Söderberg et al., 2011, Birse et al., 2010, Crocker et al., 2010, Delanoue et al., 2010, Demontis and Perrimon, 2010, Enell et al., 2010, Tsuda et al., 2010, Agrawal et al., 2009, Cardona et al., 2009, Géminard et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Arquier et al., 2008, Honegger et al., 2008, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Arquier et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, LaFever and Drummond-Barbosa, 2005, Clements et al., 2003)
          ILP-2
          (Saliu et al., 2021)
          ILP2
          (Wang et al., 2023, Sanz et al., 2022, Chowański et al., 2021, Ohhara et al., 2021, Schoberleitner et al., 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Polan et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2019, Ahmad et al., 2018, Gerdøe-Kristensen et al., 2017, Sung et al., 2017, Warren et al., 2017, Barber et al., 2016, Koyama and Mirth, 2016, Homem et al., 2014, Itskov and Ribeiro, 2013, Koyama et al., 2013, Papatheodorou et al., 2012, Hahn et al., 2010, Mellerick et al., 2003)
          ILPs
          (Zhao and Karpac, 2020)
          ILp2
          (Ryvkin et al., 2024)
          IRP
          IlP2
          (Lee et al., 2021)
          Ilp
          (Maistrenko et al., 2016, Edgar, 2006)
          Ilp-2
          (Hersperger et al., 2024, Pospisilik et al., 2010, Veenstra et al., 2008)
          Ilp2
          (Lovegrove et al., 2023, Mangiafico et al., 2023, Sanz et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Dvořáček et al., 2022, Laskowski et al., 2022, Alvarez-Ochoa et al., 2021, Barber et al., 2021, Ceder et al., 2021, Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021, de Tredern et al., 2021, Fabian et al., 2021, Keith et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2021, Lund et al., 2021, Parra-Peralbo et al., 2021, Kierdorf et al., 2020, Neamtu et al., 2020, Redhai et al., 2020, Banerjee et al., 2019, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Bulgari et al., 2019, Castillo-Quan et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Manola et al., 2019, Mele and Johnson, 2019, Mirth et al., 2019, Tao et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Aboudhiaf et al., 2018, Aw et al., 2018, Croset et al., 2018, Gáliková and Klepsatel, 2018, Peiris et al., 2018, Rossi and Fernandes, 2018, Ueda et al., 2018, Gáliková et al., 2017, Park et al., 2017, Tain et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wang et al., 2017, Bahrampour and Thor, 2016, Cao et al., 2016, Crocker et al., 2016, Watanabe and Sakai, 2016, Wiemerslage et al., 2016, Williams et al., 2016, Alfa et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Woodcock et al., 2015, Yurgel et al., 2015, Metaxakis et al., 2014, Park et al., 2014, Sakai et al., 2014, Waterson et al., 2014, Bader et al., 2013, Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Walker et al., 2013, Papatheodorou et al., 2012, Thomas et al., 2012, Cognigni et al., 2011, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Kühnlein, 2010, Seugnet et al., 2009, Veenstra et al., 2008)
          dILP-2
          (Biglou et al., 2021, Oliveira et al., 2021, Ecker et al., 2017, Teleman and Cohen, 2006)
          dILP2
          (Shingleton and Vea, 2023, Sriskanthadevan-Pirahas et al., 2023, Ziech et al., 2023, Chatterjee and Perrimon, 2021, Eddison, 2021, Gillette et al., 2021, McDonald et al., 2021, Agbu et al., 2020, Ding et al., 2020, Megha and Hasan, 2020, Roeder, 2020, Álvarez-Rendón et al., 2018, Henstridge et al., 2018, Koyama and Mirth, 2018, Romey-Glüsing et al., 2018, Staats et al., 2018, Tran et al., 2018, Brookheart et al., 2017, Martelli et al., 2017, Mattila and Hietakangas, 2017, Song et al., 2017, Brookheart and Duncan, 2016, Li et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2015, Das and Dobens, 2015, Fischer et al., 2015, Waterson et al., 2015, Ghosh et al., 2014, Hasygar and Hietakangas, 2014, Schriner et al., 2014, Garcia et al., 2013, Killip and Grewal, 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Wang et al., 2011, Bauer et al., 2010, Chell and Brand, 2010, Jansen et al., 2009, Park et al., 2008, Teleman et al., 2008, Bauer et al., 2007, Saucedo and Edgar, 2002)
          dIlp2
          (Gumeni et al., 2023, Koranteng et al., 2022, Tsakiri et al., 2019, Giebultowicz, 2018, Valadas et al., 2018, Fedina et al., 2017, Bonfini et al., 2016, Aradhya et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Piper et al., 2014, Thomas et al., 2012, Boyd et al., 2011, Hewes et al., 2006)
          dilp
          (Belawat and Hafen, 2005)
          dilp 2
          (Wang et al., 2022)
          dilp-2
          (Banerjee et al., 2013, Sim and Denlinger, 2013, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Wu and Brown, 2006, Hwangbo et al., 2004)
          dilp2
          (Huang et al., 2024, Lee and Min, 2024, Meng et al., 2024, Bobrovskikh and Gruntenko, 2023, Deng et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Rodrigues et al., 2023, Wilinski and Dus, 2023, Sano et al., 2022, Singh and Agrawal, 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Winant et al., 2022, Yan et al., 2022, Atilano et al., 2021, Clements et al., 2021, Cox et al., 2021, De Groef et al., 2021, Droujinine et al., 2021, Gan et al., 2021, Ganguly et al., 2021, Jacomin et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2021, Liao et al., 2021, Prince et al., 2021, Semaniuk et al., 2021, Takechi et al., 2021, Yang et al., 2021, Yoshinari et al., 2021, Liao et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Ma et al., 2020, Manière et al., 2020, Miller et al., 2020, Parkhitko et al., 2020, Strilbytska et al., 2020, Strilbytska et al., 2020, Strilbytska et al., 2020, Sudhakar et al., 2020, Wilson et al., 2020, Castillo-Quan et al., 2019, Katsube et al., 2019, Ke and Hsu, 2019, Meschi et al., 2019, Post et al., 2019, Trinh et al., 2019, Zheng et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2018, Galagovsky et al., 2018, Lin et al., 2018, Lowenstein and Velazquez-Ulloa, 2018, Post, 2018.8.22, Post et al., 2018, Roth et al., 2018, Semaniuk et al., 2018, Westfall et al., 2018, Kang et al., 2017, Liao et al., 2017, Monyak et al., 2017, Schoofs et al., 2017, Tiku et al., 2017, Zandveld et al., 2017, Barry and Thummel, 2016, Hallier et al., 2016, Jayakumar et al., 2016, Kubrak et al., 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Liu et al., 2016, Schiesari et al., 2016, Hentze et al., 2015, Ismail et al., 2015, Kawasaki et al., 2015, Kohyama-Koganeya et al., 2015, Li and Gong, 2015, Pasco et al., 2015, Sano et al., 2015, Vallejo et al., 2015, Yan et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Gündner et al., 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Whitaker et al., 2014, Hur et al., 2013, Kannan and Fridell, 2013, Karpac et al., 2013, Parisi et al., 2013, Sarraf-Zadeh et al., 2013, Shang et al., 2013, Subramanian et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Bai et al., 2012, Banerjee et al., 2012, Marshall et al., 2012, Rideout et al., 2012, Yu et al., 2012, Alic et al., 2011, Biteau et al., 2011, Guirao-Rico and Aguadé, 2011, Karpac et al., 2011, McClure et al., 2011, Park et al., 2011, Sheldon et al., 2011, Slack et al., 2011, Wigby et al., 2011, Ballard et al., 2010, De Luca et al., 2010, Grönke et al., 2010, Haselton et al., 2010, Kahsai et al., 2010, Kréneisz et al., 2010, Maynard et al., 2010, Sekine et al., 2010, Slack et al., 2010, Tsuda et al., 2010, Amcheslavsky et al., 2009, Fridell et al., 2009, Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2009, Hull-Thompson et al., 2009, Humphrey et al., 2009, Karpac et al., 2009, Okamoto et al., 2009, Walkiewicz and Stern, 2009, Wessells et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Broughton et al., 2008, Buch et al., 2008, Clements et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Honegger et al., 2008, Kaplan et al., 2008, Kaplan et al., 2008, Nässel et al., 2008, Nielsen et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Giannakou et al., 2007, Libert, 2007, Mattaliano et al., 2007, Min et al., 2007, Belgacem and Martin, 2006, Broughton et al., 2005, Corl et al., 2005, Flatt et al., 2005, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Rhea et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Cypser and Tatar, 2004, Li and White, 2003, Tatar et al., 2003, Ikeya and Hafen, 2002, Ikeya et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002, Rulifson et al., 2002, Brogiolo et al., 2001)
          dipl2
          (Kakanj et al., 2016)
          dlp
          (Mira and Morante, 2020)
          ilp2
          (Banzai and Nishimura, 2023, Bhalla and Sharma, 2023, Ohhara and Yamanaka, 2022, Newell et al., 2020, Dhiman et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2018, Musashe et al., 2016, Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Song et al., 2010, Varghese et al., 2010, Veenstra, 2009, Kim et al., 2008, Min et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008)
          llp2
          (Manola et al., 2021)
          Name Synonyms
          Dilp2
          (Ly et al., 2018)
          Drosophila insulin like peptide 2
          (Crocker et al., 2010)
          Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2
          (Sato-Miyata et al., 2014, Oldham and Hafen, 2003)
          Drosophila insulin-like receptor
          (Yu et al., 2016)
          Insulin- related peptide 2
          (Kim and Marqués, 2010)
          Insulin-like peptide
          (Maistrenko et al., 2016)
          Insulin-like peptide 2
          (Asahina et al., 2014, Bader et al., 2013)
          Insulin-related peptide
          (van den Broeck, 2000.11.27)
          insulin-like 2
          (Van Hiel et al., 2015)
          insulin-like peptide
          (Lee et al., 2009, Flatt et al., 2005)
          insulin-like peptide 2
          (Gough, 2015, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Park et al., 2014, Grewal, 2012, Ballard et al., 2010, Tsuda et al., 2010, Veenstra, 2009, Arquier et al., 2008, Honegger et al., 2008, Brogiolo et al., 2001)
          insulin-like peptide-2
          (Min et al., 2008)
          insulin/insulin-like growth factor
          (Quigley and Amdam, 2021)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0044432
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (654)