FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Allele: Dmel\wi
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wi
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
ivory
FlyBase ID
FBal0018254
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Dmel\w
Associated Insertion(s)
Carried in Construct
Also Known As
white-ivory
Key Links
Genomic Maps

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen
Nature of the Allele
Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Lloyd et al., 2002)
Mutagen
spontaneous
Progenitor genotype
w1
(Karess and Rubin, 1982)
Cytology
Description

Duplication of sequences from intron 1 to the start of exon 3.

(Bhadra et al., 1997)

Duplication of sequences from intron 1 to start of exon 3.

(Bhadra and Birchler, 1996, Csink et al., 1994)

Duplication of 2.96kb within the w gene.

(Suarez et al., 1996)

2.96kb internal tandem duplicated sequence.

(Suarez et al., 1995)

2.9kb duplication of part of the first intron, second exon, small second intron and part of the third exon.

(Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

Duplication of intron 1 and exon 2.

(Rabinow et al., 1991)

Duplication of intron 1 sequences.

(Birchler and Hiebert, 1989, Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

Duplication of a 2.9kb sequence within w.

(di Nocera and Casari, 1987)

Duplication of 2.9kb DNA.

(Collins and Rubin, 1984)

Duplication of 2.9kb of DNA within the w locus (FBrf0037618).

(Collins and Rubin, 1982)

Tandem duplication of 2.9kb within the w locus.

(Karess and Rubin, 1982)

Cloning and analysis of Southern blots of wi DNA indicate the presence of a 2.9 kb duplication within the white locus (Karess and Rubin, 1982). Revertants are produced by excision of one copy of the repeat in derivatives wi+B, wi+C, wi+D and wi+E. wi+A and the partial revertant wip are insertion mutations that are more complex, their altered phenotype apparently resulting from the insertion of new DNA into wi and the loss of some wi DNA. 2.9kb duplication of intron 1 map site (kb): -0.17 to +2.80; Origin = insertion of wa copia; '-' values to left (telomere) end; '+' values to right (centromere) end.

Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Curation Data
Type
Location
Additional Notes
References
insertion
X:2,792,636..2,795,592 [-]
Comment:

This is an update from the original FlyBase annotation ( X:2792985..2795592 ), which was based on FBrf041384 and accession GB:X02974). The new coordinates are from FBrf0128658. The "insertion" in this case is a tandemly duplicated copy of the indicated region in the mutant. The sequence GCATCT is present at the start of the duplicated region and there are two tandemly repeats of GCATCT at the junction between the upstream and downstream copies of the duplicated region.

(Suarez et al., 2000, O'Hare et al., 1984)
Variant Molecular Consequences
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Y17798
Y17799
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Expression Data
      Reporter Expression
      Additional Information
      Statement
      Reference
       
      Marker for
      Reflects expression of
      Reporter construct used in assay
      Human Disease Associations
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
       
      Disease-implicated variant(s)
       
      Phenotypic Data
      Phenotypic Class
      Phenotype Manifest In
      Detailed Description
      Statement
      Reference

      Homozygotes have faint pink eyes with only 0.6% red pigment (compared to 100% pigment in wild type).

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)

      Eye colour: pale yellow pink.

      (Suarez et al., 1995)

      Eye colour: homozygous males lighter than homozygous females. Triple X metafemale individuals homozygous for wi exhibit a darker eye colour than wi homozygous XX females.

      (Birchler, 1992)

      Eye colour: wsp1/wi flies have orange-brown eyes, which darken with age.

      (Pastink et al., 1987)

      Eye colour: very light yellowish-pink.

      (Collins and Rubin, 1982)

      Malpighian tubule colour: colourless.

      (Brehme and Demerec, 1942)

      Eye colour: light buff or yellowish, lighter in male.

      External Data
      Interactions
      Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
      Phenotypic Class
      NOT Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has abnormal eye color phenotype, non-enhanceable by Rga03834

      (Frolov et al., 1998)
      NOT suppressed by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has abnormal eye color phenotype, non-suppressible by Rga03834

      (Frolov et al., 1998)
      Enhancer of
      Statement
      Reference

      wi/we(g) is an enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of g50e

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)

      wi/we(g) is an enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of g2

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)
      Phenotype Manifest In
      Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Ufo1

      (Bhadra et al., 1997)

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Ts(YSt;2Lt)B110+Ts(YSt;2Rt)R15

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Ts(YLt;2Rt)G10+Ts(YLt;2Lt)R155

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Ts(YSt;2Lt)L23+Ts(YSt;2Rt)R155

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Ts(YSt;2Lt)H149+Ts(YSt;2Rt)R14

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, enhanceable by Dp(2;Y)J64

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)
      NOT Enhanced by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Low1

      (Bhadra et al., 1997)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Mowgamma

      (Bhadra and Birchler, 1996)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Wowγb

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Wowγe

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Wowems1

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Wowhd1

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by In(3)Msu1

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by In(3)Msu2

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YLt;2Lt)R14+Ts(YSt;2Rt)L110

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YSt;2Rt)L107+Ts(YSt;2Lt)P59

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YLt;2Rt)B202

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YSt;3Rt)A31+Ts(YSt;3Lt)D228

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YSt;3Lt)G48+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YLt;3Lt)B116+Ts(YLt;3Rt)G48

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Ts(YSt;3Rt)G73+Ts(YSt;3Lt)R128

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(wa)1

      (Birchler and Hiebert, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by DoaHD

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa3

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa4

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa5

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa6

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa7

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa8

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Doa9

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)
      Suppressed by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62D

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62Dem

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62E

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62F

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62H

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Rm62K

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, suppressible by Ts(YLt;2Rt)L52+Ts(YLt;2Lt)R15

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)
      NOT suppressed by
      Statement
      Reference

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Low1

      (Bhadra et al., 1997)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Mowgamma

      (Bhadra and Birchler, 1996)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Wowγb

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Wowγe

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Wowems1

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Wowhd1

      (Birchler et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by In(3)Msu1

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by In(3)Msu2

      (Csink et al., 1994)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YLt;2Rt)B110+Ts(YSt;2Lt)D20

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YLt;2Lt)R14+Ts(YSt;2Rt)L110

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YSt;2Rt)L107+Ts(YSt;2Lt)P59

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YLt;2Rt)B202

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YSt;3Rt)A31+Ts(YSt;3Lt)D228

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YSt;3Lt)G48+Ts(YSt;3Rt)R36

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YLt;3Lt)B116+Ts(YLt;3Rt)G48

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Ts(YSt;3Rt)G73+Ts(YSt;3Lt)R128

      (Sabl and Birchler, 1993)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11γb

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11γc

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11γd

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11EMS3

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11EMS4

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11EMS5

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11hd1

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Pcf11γsc

      (Rabinow et al., 1991)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by DoaHD

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa3

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa4

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa5

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa6

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa7

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa8

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by Doa9

      (Rabinow and Birchler, 1989)

      wi has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)2

      (Lindsley and Grell, 1968)
      Enhancer of
      Statement
      Reference

      wi/we(g) is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of g2

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)

      wi/we(g) is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of g50e

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)
      Other
      Statement
      Reference

      sgl05007, wi has pigment cell phenotype

      (Benevolenskaya et al., 1998)
      Additional Comments
      Genetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference

      Flies with a wi/we(g) mutant genotype enhance the eye colour defective phenotype of g2 and g50e homozygous mutants leading to a greater reduction of red pigment in the eye. Male wi, g53d double mutant flies have lower levels of pigment in the eye than wi single mutants, leading to a change in eye colour from faint pink to completely white.

      (Lloyd et al., 2002)
      Xenogenetic Interactions
      Statement
      Reference
      Complementation and Rescue Data
      Complements

      wsp1

      Comments

      Complementation of wsp1 only with age.

      Images (2)
      Stocks (13)
      Notes on Origin
      Discoverer

      Sturtevant, 1918.

      Comments
      Comments

      Not dosage compensated.

      (Birchler, 1992, Green, 1959)

      Unstable, reverting spontaneously to w+ with a frequency of 5 x 10-5 in wi/wi females and 5 x 10-6 in wi/Y males. Frequency of somatic reversion increased by X irradiation of young larvae.

      (Lewis, 1959)

      wi females heterozygous for a w- deletion revert at a frequency of 0.25 x 10-5. Frequency of germinal reversions increased by X rays.

      (Bowman and Green, 1964)

      Recombination between flanking w alleles reduced in wi, but restored in its revertants.

      (Bowman and Green, 1966, Bowman, 1965)

      The allele is modestly unstable. Reverts to wild type at a frequency of 5 x 10-5 in homozygous females, and 5x 10-6 in males and deletion heterozygous females.

      (Karess and Rubin, 1982)

      mle4 has no effect on the dosage compensation of we, wapl, wF4-2, wa2, Dp(1;1)w+61e19 or wi.

      (Hiebert and Birchler, 1994)

      Moderately unstable allele. Wild type revertants of this mutation recovered by chemical mutagens is achieved by a deletion of the 2.96kb tandemly duplicated sequences.

      (Suarez et al., 1995)

      Seven carcinogenic compounds have been tested using a wi reversion assay.

      (Consuegra et al., 1996)

      Placed on the genetic map distal to w1.

      (MacKendrick, 1953)
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 2 )
      Crossreferences
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (3)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      wi
      Name Synonyms
      ivory
      white-ivory
      (Suarez et al., 2000, Collins and Rubin, 1982, Karess and Rubin, 1982)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
        References (59)