FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\g[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\g²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0004958

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\g

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

spontaneous

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Mutagen

spontaneous

(Lindsley and Grell, 1968)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

No alteration in detected by Southern analysis.

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

Alleles separable by conversion; g^53d to the left of g².

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

exacerbates Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

modeled by Blos1^ex2

(Cheli et al., 2010)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal courtship behavior | male

(Cheli et al., 2010, Lloyd et al., 2002)

abnormal eye color

(Cheli et al., 2010, Cheli et al., 2010, Lloyd et al., 2002, Lloyd et al., 1999, Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Nolte, 1959)

abnormal eye color (with Df(1)HA92)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

abnormal eye color | cell autonomous

(Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936)

Phenotype Manifest In

Malpighian tubule

(Lloyd et al., 1999, Beadle, 1937)

pigment cell

(Lloyd et al., 2002, Lloyd et al., 1999, Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Nolte, 1959, Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936)

testis sheath

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Mutant flies have reduced red pigment in the eye compared to controls.

(Cheli et al., 2010)

Third larval instar neuromuscular junctions show no significant difference in the average muscle input resistance, the average amplitude of spontaneous miniature excitatory junction potentials (mEJPs), the frequency of mEJP events, the average amplitude of evoked EJPs or the estimated quantal content (EJP/mEJP amplitude ration) compared to controls.

The number of mutant males engaged in male-to-male courtship behaviour during a 10 minute period is significantly higher than that of wild-type flies.

Mutant flies have reduced red pigment in the eye compared to controls.

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² mutants have only about a third of the amount of red and brown pigment in the eye compared to wild-type flies. Df(1)HA92/g² flies have less red pigment in the eye than homozygous g² mutants. g² mutant male flies show a greater degree of male-male courtship than wild-type flies.

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Eye colour: red pigments are reduced to 32 +/- 2% of wild-type levels in females. Red pigments are reduced to 37 +/- 2% of wild-type levels, brown pigments are reduced to 15 +/- 1% of wild-type levels in males. Malpighian tubule colour: very pale-clear (wild-type colour is orange). Testis colour: pale yellow (wild-type colour is bright yellow).

(Lloyd et al., 1999)

Eye colour: translucent, yellowish ruby, somewhat lighter than g¹. Dominant in females homozygous for car¹, according to Schultz; i.e., pigmentation of g² car¹/g² car¹ = g² car¹/+ car¹ < car¹/car¹. RK1.

(Lindsley and Grell, 1968)

Eyes contain 16% normal red pigment and 32% normal brown pigment.

(Nolte, 1959)

Malpighian tubule colour: very pale yellow at the base.

(Beadle, 1937)

Eye color autonomous in transplant into wild-type host.

(Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by aux^UAS.cHa/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Blos1^ex2

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by aux^{FL.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by aux^{CJ.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/aux^{ΔC.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by aux^{ΔJ.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/aux^{CJ.DLL.DPF.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF/aux^{CJ.DLL.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by aux^{CJ.DPF.UAS.mRFP(Unk)}/Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w¹¹¹⁸

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w¹/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^Bwx/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^a/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^bf/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^ch/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^co/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^e/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by wⁱ/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Df(1)HA92/g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w[+]/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^sat/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^t/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by z¹

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by z^a

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/+

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/Df(1)w-rJ1

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(z)¹

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has abnormal eye color phenotype, non-enhanceable by w^e(g)/Tp(1;3)N^264-58

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

g² is an enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of Blos1^ex2

(Cheli et al., 2010)

g² is an enhancer of visible phenotype of p^p

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

g² is an enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of p^p

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

g² is a non-enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of w^a3

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Other

Statement

Reference

bw^unspecified, g² has abnormal eye color phenotype

(Mainx, 1938)

g², st^unspecified has abnormal eye color phenotype

(Mainx, 1938)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w¹¹¹⁸

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w¹/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^Bwx/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^a/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Df(1)HA92/g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w[+]/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^bf/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^ch/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^co/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by wⁱ/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^sat/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^t/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/+

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Df(1)N-8/w^e(g)

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by w^e(g)/Df(1)w-rJ1

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

g² has pigment cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by E(z)¹

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

g² has pigment cell phenotype, non-enhanceable by w^e(g)/Tp(1;3)N^264-58

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

g² has phenotype, non-suppressible by su(Hw)²

(Lindsley and Grell, 1968)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

g² is an enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of p^p

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

g² is a non-enhancer of pigment cell phenotype of w^a3

(Lloyd et al., 2002)

Other

Statement

Reference

bw^unspecified, g² has pigment cell phenotype

(Mainx, 1938)

g², st^unspecified has pigment cell phenotype

(Mainx, 1938)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Expression of aux^Scer\UAS.cHa under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF enhances the loss of red eye pigment that is seen in g² flies.

(Cheli et al., 2010)

The reduction in red pigment in the eye seen in g² blos1^ex2 double mutants is more severe than that seen in either single mutant.

The loss of red eye pigment that is seen in g² flies is enhanced by expression of one of aux^{FL.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP}, aux^{CJ.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP}, aux^{ΔC.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP}, aux^{ΔJ.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP}, aux^{CJ.DLL.DPF.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP}, aux^{CJ.DLL.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP} or aux^{CJ.DPF.Scer\UAS.T:Disc\RFP-mRFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF.

(Cheli et al., 2010)

Eye colour: g²; p^p eyes have significantly reduced levels of red pigment compared to either single mutant. The brown pigment levels are comparable to those seen in p^p single mutants.

(Falcon-Perez et al., 2007)

w^e(g), g² double mutant flies have at least a 50% reduction of brown (ommochrome) pigments deposited in the eye compared to g² single mutants. There is also a reduction in red (pteridine) pigment to a lesser extent. w^e(g) has a recessive interaction with g² as levels of red pigment in the eye of w^e(g)/+, g² double mutants is not reduced compared to g² single mutants. Df(1)N-8/w^e(g), g² female mutant flies have over 50% less red pigment in the eye (giving flies pale-yellow eyes) than g² single mutants, while Df(1)N-8/+ g² flies have wild-type levels of red pigment in the eye. Df(1)w-rJ1/w^e(g), g² mutant flies have over 50% less red pigment and Df(1)w-rJ3/w^e(g), g² have about 80% less red pigment than the eyes of g² single mutants. These deficiency double mutants show a markedly greater reduction in eye pigment compared to w^e(g), g² mutants. Conversely, Tp(1;3)N^264-58 g²/w^e(g) g² mutant flies have comparable levels of red pigment in the eye to g² single mutants. All of the following w alleles when heterozygous with w^e(g) enhance the eye colour defective phenotype of g² single mutants, leading to a greater reduction of red pigment within the eye: w¹¹¹⁸, w¹, w^a, w^bf, w^Bwx, w^ch, w^co, w^e, wⁱ, w^sat and w^t. Expression of w^+tAR in the anterior portion of the eye of w^e(g)/Y, g² mutant flies results in normal pigmentation of this region. Transfection of w^+mC is capable of increasing the amount of pigment in the eyes of w^e(g), g²/Y mutant flies, depending on the level of its expression. Strong expression of w^+mC is capable of restoring pigment to g²/Y single mutant levels, thus rescuing the w^e(g) effect. Df(1)HA92/g², w^e(g)/+ double mutant flies have lower levels of red pigment in their eyes than Df(1)HA92/g² single mutants. g², Df(1)N-8/+ flies have less red pigment in their eyes than g², w^e(g) double mutants, and g², Df(1)N-8/w^e(g) flies have even less red pigment than g², Df(1)N-8/+ flies. w^a3, g²/Y mutant flies have similar levels of red pigment in the eye to w^a3 single mutants and a slight decrease in red pigment compared to g² single mutants. g², z^a double mutants have a reduced amount of red pigment in the eye comparted to g² single mutants in both male and female flies. Likewise, g², z¹ double mutant flies show decreased red eye pigment than g² mutants, although this reduction is greater in female flies than in male flies. The E(z)¹ mutation does not affect levels of red pigment in the eye of g² mutants.