FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Allele: Dmel\bwD
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\bwD
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
FlyBase ID
FBal0001375
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Associated Insertion(s)
Carried in Construct
Key Links
Mutagen
Nature of the Allele
Progenitor genotype
Caused by aberration
Cytology
Description

Insertion of sequences, interrupting Gly 577 of the open reading frame.

Insertion of a large block (greater than 1 megabase) of heterochromatin containing AAGAG satellite into the coding region of bw.

Insertion of a block of heterochromatin into the bw locus.

bw gene is interrupted by sequences that lack tested restriction sites and are likely to be simple sequence repeats characteristic of heterochromatin.

Mutations Mapped to the Genome
Curation Data
Type
Location
Additional Notes
References
Variant Molecular Consequences
Associated Sequence Data
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
 
Expression Data
Reporter Expression
Additional Information
Statement
Reference
 
Marker for
Reflects expression of
Reporter construct used in assay
Human Disease Associations
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Disease
Interaction
References
Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
 
Disease-implicated variant(s)
 
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Detailed Description
Statement
Reference

Only about 5% of the eye cells are pigmented in bwD/+ heterozygous flies.

When the polyamide P31 is fed to bwD flies a developmental delay (not seen in wild-type) is observed. This is seen in both heterozygotes and homozygotes, though is more marked in homozygotes. These flies also exhibit a transformation of abdominal segment A6 to A5 and slight roughening of the eye. The addition of P31 enhances the A6 to A5 phenotypes seen in bwD, Ubx1 flies and reduces their viability.

When bwD males are mated with females that have already been mated, bwD males are weaker sperm displacers than wild-type males.

Enhances transinactivation of bw caused by Tp(2;2)bw-DX7.

Heterozygotes have eyes that are white with a quite uniform scattering of individual reddish spots within ommatidia.

Antagonizes the expression of as many as three normal copies of bw in trans. bwD/+ shows nearly a 100-fold reduction in pteridine levels. bwD/bwV1 > bwD/+ > bwD/bwD in severity of effect.

Variegation suppressed by extra Y chromosomes.

Malpighian tubule colour: bright yellow.

dominant position-effect variegation for bw Eye colour: purple to brown; varies with age. Shows slight variegation in combination with st (FBrf0010216). Wings pebbled.

External Data
Interactions
Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement
Reference

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Mod(Prat:bw)2-52-5/Mod( Prat:bw )2-5[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, enhanceable by Mod( Prat:bw )3-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-13-1

NOT Enhanced by
Suppressed by
Statement
Reference

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-21-2/Mod( Prat:bw )1-2[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-31-3/Mod( Prat:bw )1-3[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-41-4/Mod( Prat:bw )1-4[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )1-5[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)1-51-5

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )2-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-12-1

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )2-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-12-2

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)2-42-4/Mod( Prat:bw )2-4[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-113-11/Mod( Prat:bw )3-11[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-53-5/Mod( Prat:bw )3-5[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )3-7[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-73-7

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-83-8/Mod( Prat:bw )3-8[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )Y-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)Y-1Y-1

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )2-3[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-32-3

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-10[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-103-10

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod(Prat:bw)3-123-12/Mod( Prat:bw )3-12[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-2[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-23-2

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-3[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-33-3

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-4[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-43-4

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod(Prat:bw)3-63-6/Mod( Prat:bw )3-6[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-9[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-93-9

bwD, bwPrat.PC has abnormal eye color phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )1-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)1-11-1

NOT suppressed by
Statement
Reference
Other
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement
Reference

bwD has eye phenotype, enhanceable by Chd1EP/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Mod(Prat:bw)2-52-5/Mod( Prat:bw )2-5[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, enhanceable by Mod( Prat:bw )3-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-13-1

NOT Enhanced by
Suppressed by
Statement
Reference

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by taiEP27/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by sleEPDJ1/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by Kdm4BEY10737

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by XNPEP635/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/pufLA3.4

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF/LS2LA1.6

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by kisLA4.3/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by XNPEP635/Scer\GAL4ey.PH

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by vig2LA4.5/Scer\GAL4ey.PH

bwD has eye phenotype, suppressible by DekEP13/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )1-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)1-11-1

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-21-2/Mod( Prat:bw )1-2[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-31-3/Mod( Prat:bw )1-3[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)1-41-4/Mod( Prat:bw )1-4[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )1-5[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)1-51-5

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )2-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-12-1

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )2-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-12-2

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)2-42-4/Mod( Prat:bw )2-4[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-113-11/Mod( Prat:bw )3-11[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-53-5/Mod( Prat:bw )3-5[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )3-7[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-73-7

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod(Prat:bw)3-83-8/Mod( Prat:bw )3-8[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible by Mod( Prat:bw )Y-1[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)Y-1Y-1

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )2-3[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)2-32-3

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-10[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-103-10

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod(Prat:bw)3-123-12/Mod( Prat:bw )3-12[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-2[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-23-2

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-3[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-33-3

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-4[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-43-4

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod(Prat:bw)3-63-6/Mod( Prat:bw )3-6[+]

bwD, bwPrat.PC has pigment cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by Mod( Prat:bw )3-9[+]/Mod(Prat:bw)3-93-9

NOT suppressed by
Statement
Reference
Other
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement
Reference

CycB2 dominantly reduces the area of sectors of increased pigmentation in a bwD/+ genetic background resulting from the over-expression of crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4unspecified.

Mis-expression of Kdm4BEY10737 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Kdm4BEY10737 partially restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey.PH-driven crolLAJJ2A display sectors of increased pigmentation in a speckled background.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey.PH-driven crold03228 in a bwD/+ genetic background display sectors of increased pigmentation in a speckled background.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey.PH-driven taiEP27 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey.PH-driven Hr39LA1.4 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4ey.PH-driven in a bwD/+ genetic background psqLA11A have small eyes.

Mis-expression of Acf1EY08629 driven by Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of XNPEP635 driven by Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of HmgZEY23248 driven by Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of vig2LA4.5 driven by Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Ino80d10097 driven by Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of DekEP13 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of taiEP27 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of sleEPDJ1 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of pitaLA4.1 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of CG13895EP14C driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of Acf1EY08629 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF restores eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes.

Mis-expression of XNPEP635 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of CG5794LA3.4 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of HmgDEY03609 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of HmgZEY23248 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of His3.3Bd04051 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of asf1LA00872 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Smc5EY03252 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Rm62EY06795 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of CG3162LA1.6 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of banLA2.5 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven banLA2.5 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of banLAS55 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven banLAS55 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of Hpr1EY04120 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of DLPEY09290 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of crolLAJJ2A driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven crolLAJJ2A in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of Mta70LA1.3 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of LAS110LAS110 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of CG7757LA2.4 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of l(3)neo38LAS146 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of kisLA4.3 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of kisEY12846 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Etl1EP701 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Hr39LA1.4 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of LA2.1LA2.1 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven LA2.1LA2.1 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of psqLA11A driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven psqLA11A in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of SamuelLAE154 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven SamuelLAE154 in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of Ubp64ELA5.3 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of jimLA3.1 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of CG8036LA3.2 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of CG10630LA4.4 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of vig2LA4.5 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Pur-αLA77A driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line. Flies expressing Scer\GAL4GMR.PF-driven Pur-αLA77A in a bwD/+ genetic background display rough eyes.

Mis-expression of Ino80d10097 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Mis-expression of Chd1EP driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in decreased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes compared with that in the parental bwD/+ line.

Contemporaneous expression of jimLA3.1 with crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4unspecified reduces the size and frequency of sectors of increased pigmentation in a bwD/+ genetic background, but the background speckled variegation remains unchanged.

Contemporaneous expression of CG8036LA3.2 with crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4unspecified reduces the size and frequency of sectors of increased pigmentation in a bwD/+ genetic background, but the background speckled variegation remains unchanged.

Contemporaneous expression of CG10630LA4.4 with crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4unspecified reduces the size and frequency of sectors of increased pigmentation in a bwD/+ genetic background, but the background speckled variegation remains unchanged.

Contemporaneous expression of Ubp64ELA5.3 with crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4unspecified increases the size or frequency of sectors of increased pigmentation in a bwD/+ genetic background, but the background speckled variegation remains unchanged.

Df(2R)M41A10 does not suppress the bwD/+ phenotype. Transinactivation of bw in interspecific bwD heterozygotes (in which D.melanogaster bwD has been introgressed into the D.simulans background and backcrossed to D.simulans for six generations) is moderately suppressed compared to D.melanogaster bwD heterozygotes.

The w+mC gene in the P{lacW} transposon shows trans-inactivation in the presence of Dp(?;2)bwD in the P{lacW}chrwk06908, P{lacW}Dcp-1k05606, P{lacW}l(2)s4830s4830 and P{lacW}aptk15608 insertions. The P{lacW}l(2)k09913k09913, P{lacW}l(2)k07136k07136 and P{lacW}aptk11531 insertions do not show trans-inactivation of the w+mC gene in the presence of Dp(?;2)bwD. The P{lacW}aptk15608 insertion does not show cis-inactivation of the w+mC gene in the presence of Dp(?;2)bwD. The w+mW.hs gene in the P{hsp26-pt-T} transposon shows a partial salt and pepper trans-inactivation in the posterior section of the eye in the P{hsp26-pt-T}chrwab28 insertion in the presence of Dp(?;2)bwD. The w+mW.hs gene in the P{hsp26-pt-T} transposon does not show trans-inactivation or cis-inactivation in the P{hsp26-pt-T}Dcp-1mgb48 insertion in the presence of Dp(?;2)bwD.

Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement
Reference

The increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes resulting from the mis-expression of Acf1EY08629 driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is not affected by Hsap\CDKN1AGMR.PH.

The increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes resulting from the mis-expression of banunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is suppressed by Hsap\CDKN1AGMR.PH.

The increased eye pigmentation in bwD/+ heterozygotes resulting from the mis-expression of crolunspecified driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is suppressed by Hsap\CDKN1AGMR.PH.

Complementation and Rescue Data
Comments
Images (0)
Mutant
Wild-type
Stocks (61)
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

T. Hinton, 1940.

Comments
Comments

Since 1950 some and perhaps all lines of bwD have undergone a secondary event that removed a portion of the coding region of the brown gene, generating a null allele.

Whereas this alleles has previously been reported to be revertable (FBrf0007893), recent efforts have shown it to be non-revertable (K. Loughney, unpublished data).

Using the FISH technique is can be shown that bwD insertion does not affect the pairing or vertical placement of the bw locus, but the insertion of heterochromatin appears to target to bw locus to the nuclear envelope. bwD associates with centromeric satellite sequences in diploid larval tissues. Insertion of satellite DNA at one bw locus causes both gene copies to associate with heterochromatin. The effect of the insertion is a specific association of the bw gene with other heterochromatin on chromosome 2.

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 1 )
Crossreferences
GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)
References (78)