FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\wupA
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wupA
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
wings up A
Annotation Symbol
CG7178
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0283471
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
wings up A (wupA) encodes a cytoskeletal protein of the troponin complex of the muscle thin filament. It is involved in calcium-dependent regulation of muscle contraction, and in development of the embryonic heart, skeletal muscle and flight muscle It also contributes to non-muscle functions such as apico-basal polarity formation, nuclear division and maintenance of nuclear integrity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

TnI, hdp, troponin I, heldup, TpnI

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-59
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18105568..18116922
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
non-traceable author statement
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in heart contraction
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in heart development
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in myofibril assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in muscle contraction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348305
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with nucleus
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348305
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001978
non-traceable author statement
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the troponin I family. (P36188)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
wings up A (wupA) encodes a cytoskeletal protein of the troponin complex of the muscle thin filament. It is involved in calcium-dependent regulation of muscle contraction, and in development of the embryonic heart, skeletal muscle and flight muscle It also contributes to non-muscle functions such as apico-basal polarity formation, nuclear division and maintenance of nuclear integrity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TROPONIN I ISOFORMS -
The troponin complex associates with tropomyosin (Tm1) and controls the contraction of the striated muscle in response to changes in intracellular calcium concentration. The troponin-I subunit isoforms are encoded by a single gene, wupA. In the absence of a calcium ion stimulus, troponin-I binds to actin in thin myofilaments inhibiting the movement of tropomyosin from the myosin-binding sites. (Adapted from FBrf0226138 and PMID:31448287.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Troponin I is the ATPase inhibitory subunit of troponin in the thin filament regulatory complex. Involved in the development and maintenance of muscle and nervous system. May also be involved in the cytoskeletal apparatus.
(UniProt, P36188)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
13
Number of Unique Polypeptides
9

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wupA for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P36188)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0074520
1160
208
FBtr0074521
1160
208
FBtr0074522
1160
208
FBtr0074523
1257
208
FBtr0074526
1129
208
FBtr0074525
1129
208
FBtr0074524
1343
269
FBtr0308235
1212
260
FBtr0308236
1029
199
FBtr0308237
1039
199
FBtr0336895
1159
184
FBtr0336896
1345
184
FBtr0336897
1347
184
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.4, 1.2, 1.0 (northern blot)

1.3, 1.2, 1.1 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0074294
24.5
208
10.47
FBpp0074295
24.4
208
10.28
FBpp0074296
24.7
208
10.08
FBpp0074297
24.4
208
10.44
FBpp0074300
24.4
208
10.44
FBpp0074299
24.7
208
10.08
FBpp0074298
30.1
269
10.22
FBpp0300555
29.1
260
10.42
FBpp0300556
23.4
199
10.65
FBpp0300557
23.5
199
10.67
FBpp0307835
21.6
184
10.41
FBpp0307836
21.6
184
10.41
FBpp0307837
21.6
184
10.41
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

208 aa isoforms: wupA-PC, wupA-PF
208 aa isoforms: wupA-PD, wupA-PE
184 aa isoforms: wupA-PK, wupA-PL, wupA-PM
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

269, 208 (aa); 28.8, 24.5 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Binds to actin and tropomyosin.

(UniProt, P36188)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wupA using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.58

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
radioisotope in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mesoderm

Comment: reference states 12 hr AEL

RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with nucleus
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wupA in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wupA
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wupA
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 19 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
cuticle & procephalic segment
dorsal medial muscle & sarcomere
dorsal medial muscle & striated muscle thick filament
dorsal medial muscle & striated muscle thin filament
embryonic somatic muscle & Z disc (with wupAD3)
embryonic somatic muscle & Z disc (with wupAhdp-2)
indirect flight muscle & myofibril
indirect flight muscle & myotube
indirect flight muscle & sarcomere
indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thick filament
indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thin filament
indirect flight muscle & Z disc
indirect flight muscle & Z disc (with wupAD3)
indirect flight muscle & Z disc (with wupAhdp-2)
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
No
Yes
7 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (14)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:wupA. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 6 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
RNA-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Binds to actin and tropomyosin.
(UniProt, P36188 )
Linkouts
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Linkouts
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
X
Recombination map
1-59
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
16F7-16F7
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP970 and P{EP}ari-1EP317
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
16F-16F
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
16F-17A
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (26)
Genomic Clones (10)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (318)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      Haploinsufficient locus.

      wupA transheterozygotes show transvection, evidenced by normal wing position in adults.

      Mutation within a 4kb region of mostly non-coding sequences in wupA (the 'dominant lethal' domain of 16F) results in a dominant lethal phenotype due to the inactivation of the wupA, l(1)16Fe and l(1)16Fm genes. This 'dominant lethal' domain probably represents a long-range cis-regulatory region. In direction of increasing cytology: l(1)16Fo? l(1)16Fp? l(1)16Fq? mnb? l(1)16Fa? l(1)16Fb? l(1)16Fc? Sh? anon-16Fc? l(1)16Fh? anon-16Fd? scu? anon-16Fe? Taf8? anon-16Ff? wupA? l(1)16Fe? l(1)16Fm? l(1)16Fk? l(1)16Fn? ari-1? Frq1?

      Variation of a microsatellite within the wupA locus has been studied in North American populations of D.melanogaster.

      wupA encodes troponin I. Mutations of wupA cause defects in the nervous system, cuticle and muscle development.

      A splicing defect in the wupA gene causes abnormal development of flight muscles.

      A sequence comparison and numerical analysis of the RRM-containing (RNA recognition motif) proteins suggests that functionally related RRM-containing proteins have significant sequence similarities in their RRMs.

      wupA encodes developmental regulated isoforms of troponin I (TnI). Viable mutations of wupA cause selective degeneration of adult thoracic muscles.

      The wupA gene encodes troponin-I. Double mutant analysis with Mhc alleles suggests that actomyosin interactions exacerbate the structural or functional defect resulting from mutation in wupA.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: wupA fliH

      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      DROTROPONI
      chrX:17947374..17947524
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0025518
      • FBgn0004028
      • FBgn0026829
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 77 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      References (196)