FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\PGRP-LC

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\PGRP-LC

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC

Annotation Symbol

CG4432

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0035976

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

15 publicly available

Gene Summary

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (PGRP-LC) encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in the recognition of DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It functions upstream of the immune deficiency pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PGRP-LCx, PGRP-LCa, ird7

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

67B1-67B1

Sequence location

3L:9,338,810..9,348,336 [+]

Recombination map

3-29

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:9338810..9348336

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (23 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Werner et al., 2003)

enables peptidoglycan binding

inferred from direct assay

(Mellroth et al., 2005)

enables peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kaneko et al., 2004, Werner et al., 2003)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pirk; FB:FBgn0034647

(Aggarwal et al., 2008)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LF; FB:FBgn0035977

(Basbous et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables peptidoglycan binding

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:PGRP-SC1b; FB:FBgn0033327

(Mellroth et al., 2003)

enables peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

traceable author statement

(Leulier et al., 2003)

enables zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006619

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

NOT enables N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity

inferred from key residues

(Mellroth et al., 2003)

Biological Process (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in antibacterial humoral response

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Werner et al., 2003)

involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

inferred from direct assay

(Schmidt et al., 2008)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Neyen et al., 2016, Gobert et al., 2003, Gottar et al., 2002)

involved_in defense response to virus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Liu et al., 2018, Costa et al., 2009)

involved_in immune response

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Takehana et al., 2004, Ramet et al., 2002)

involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

inferred from direct assay

(Salem Wehbe et al., 2021, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kietz et al., 2022, Wagner et al., 2021, Neyen et al., 2012, Paquette et al., 2010, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Maillet et al., 2008, Kaneko et al., 2006, Kaneko et al., 2004)

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Kleino et al., 2005)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-SD; FB:FBgn0035806

(Iatsenko et al., 2016)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LE; FB:FBgn0030695

(Liu et al., 2018)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:imd; FB:FBgn0013983

(Gottar et al., 2002)

involved_in positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Choe et al., 2002)

involved_in positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kaneko et al., 2004, Gottar et al., 2002)

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Kleino et al., 2005)

involved_in regulation of humoral immune response

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schmidt et al., 2008)

involved_in regulation of melanization defense response

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schmidt et al., 2008)

involved_in regulation of synaptic plasticity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Harris et al., 2015)

involved_in response to bacterium

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Takehana et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

NOT involved_in peptidoglycan catabolic process

inferred from key residues

(Mellroth et al., 2003)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apicolateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Neyen et al., 2012)

located_in cytoplasmic vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(Perrin et al., 2015)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Neyen et al., 2016, Perrin et al., 2015, Maillet et al., 2008, Kaneko et al., 2004)

located_in presynapse

inferred from direct assay

(Harris et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in membrane

non-traceable author statement

(Werner et al., 2000)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

LONG PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS

UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOENZYMES

Pathway (FlyBase)

Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (Q9GNK5)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

LONG PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS -: Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune response that bind peptidoglycans. Insect PGRPs can be divided into two groups based on transcript size: short PGRPs (PGRP-S) and long PGRPs (PGRP-L). PGRP-L can be intracellular, extracellular, and transmembrane proteins. (Adapted from FBrf0223078).
UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOENZYMES -: This group comprises pseudoenzymes that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Pathway (FlyBase)

Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Major activator of the imd/Relish pathway and is likely to encode a pattern recognition molecule for the humoral immune response (PubMed:11872802, PubMed:22022271). Required for Relish processing and nuclear translocation following proteolytic cleavage (PubMed:11872802). Involved in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:11872802). The different isoforms probably display different recognition capabilities to various microbial patterns (PubMed:12777387, PubMed:16006509).

(UniProt, Q9GNK5)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

transmembrane receptor involved in antimicrobial response, recognizes bacterial toxins, tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), expressed in fat body and midgut

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PGRP-LC for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9GNK5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1Z6I
2F2L

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Gene model reviewed during 6.14

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

PGRP-LC-RA

FBtr0089490

NM_168324

1876

500

PGRP-LC-RB

FBtr0089491

NM_140041

2039

520

PGRP-LC-RC

FBtr0089492

NM_206308

2579

511

PGRP-LC-RD

FBtr0300290

NM_001169925

1781

500

PGRP-LC-RE

FBtr0300291

NM_001169926

1172

329

PGRP-LC-RG

FBtr0301773

NM_001169927

1928

345

PGRP-LC-RH

FBtr0308349

NM_001259764

1935

520

PGRP-LC-RI

FBtr0346814

NM_001316438

1982

501

PGRP-LC-RJ

FBtr0472540

NM_001363932

1192

340

PGRP-LC-RK

FBtr0472541

NM_001363933

1278

330

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

PGRP-LC-PA

FBpp0088491

54.1

500

6.45

FBpp0088492

56.0

520

5.69

FBpp0088998

55.6

511

6.59

NP_996030

AAS65052

PGRP-LC-PD

FBpp0289518

54.1

500

6.45

FBpp0289519

37.4

329

8.42

FBpp0290987

36.7

345

5.40

FBpp0300668

56.0

520

5.69

FBpp0312389

53.8

501

6.12

FBpp0422538

38.9

340

8.66

AWM95308

PGRP-LC-PK

FBpp0422539

37.1

330

8.54

AWM95309

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

500 aa isoforms: PGRP-LC-PA, PGRP-LC-PD

520 aa isoforms: PGRP-LC-PB, PGRP-LC-PH

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1Z6I
2F2L

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PGRP-LC using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.12

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic large intestine

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval lymph gland

(Fisher et al., 2012)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult Malpighian tubule

(McGettigan et al., 2005)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apicolateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Neyen et al., 2012)

located_in cytoplasmic vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(Perrin et al., 2015)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Neyen et al., 2016, Perrin et al., 2015, Maillet et al., 2008, Kaneko et al., 2004)

located_in presynapse

inferred from direct assay

(Harris et al., 2015)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PGRP-LC in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\PGRP-LC

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\PGRP-LC

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0035976

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39063/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0035976

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0035976

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0035976

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4432

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0035976

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\PGRP-LC

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 42 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PGRP-LC

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PGRP-LC

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)29A6

(Wu et al., 2001)

Df(3L)PGRP-LA-LC^Δ

(Gendrin et al., 2013)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

PGRP-LC^GX6548

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

PGRP-LC^{x.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

PGRP-LC^GD2387

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal immune response

abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG

abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4^yolk

abnormal immune response (with Df(3L)29A6)

PGRP-LC^d07454

abnormal immune response | adult stage

abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

PGRP-LC^HMS00259

abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^yolk

abnormal immune response | conditional

PGRP-LC^ΔE

abnormal immune response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

abnormal immune response | recessive

PGRP-LC^unspecified

abnormal neurophysiology | recessive | third instar larval stage

PGRP-LC²

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage

PGRP-LC^ΔE

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

PGRP-LC^{UAS.LCx.Venus}

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut-OK371

PGRP-LC^{UAS.LCx.Venus}

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with PGRP-LC²)

PGRP-LC^ΔE

abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with PGRP-LC^ΔE)

PGRP-LC²

decreased cell number | adult stage

PGRP-LC^ΔE

decreased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

PGRP-LC^HMS00259

decreased size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

hyperplasia, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

PGRP-LC^a.UAS

increased cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Gli-rL82

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

increased cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

increased mortality | adult stage | conditional

increased mortality | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^c564

PGRP-LC^UAS.rLCx

melanotic mass phenotype | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

melanotic mass phenotype | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG

PGRP-LC^{I.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG

PGRP-LC^{I.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

melanotic mass phenotype | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

melanotic mass phenotype | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG

PGRP-LC^{I.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

short lived | conditional

PGRP-LC^ΔE

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

PGRP-LC^A.UAS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult anterior midgut

PGRP-LC^ΔE

adult anterior midgut, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

PGRP-LC^HMS00259

adult anterior midgut | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

adult enteroendocrine cell | decreased number

PGRP-LC^ΔE

adult enteroendocrine cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

PGRP-LC^HMS00259

adult enteroendocrine cell | increased number | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

adult fat body | adult stage

PGRP-LC^Δ5

adult fat body | adult stage | conditional

PGRP-LC^Δ5

adult fat body | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

PGRP-LC^KK105287

adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

PGRP-LC^a.UAS

adult proventriculus | conditional

PGRP-LC^ΔE

embryonic/larval brain | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

embryonic/larval fat body | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

PGRP-LC^{x.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW

PGRP-LC^{UAS.LCx.Venus}

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^VGlut-OK371

PGRP-LC^{UAS.LCx.Venus}

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with PGRP-LC²)

PGRP-LC^ΔE

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with PGRP-LC^ΔE)

PGRP-LC²

embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | P-stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^Gli-rL82

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | P-stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

lipid droplet | adult stage

lipid droplet | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

PGRP-LC^HMS00259

lipid droplet | adult stage | conditional

PGRP-LC^Δ5

lipid droplet | adult stage | decreased number | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

pupal central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4^Gli-rL82

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

pupal central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4^repo

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

PGRP-LC^A.UAS

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (4)

Hsap\PGLYRP1

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PGLYRP4

4 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PGLYRP2

3 of 14

Hsap\PGLYRP3

2 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Pglyrp1

4 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)

Mmus\Pglyrp1

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pglyrp4

4 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pglyrp2

3 of 14

Mmus\Pglyrp3

2 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)

Xtro\pglyrp2

3 of 13

Yes

Xtro\mterf2

2 of 13

Xtro\pglyrp1-like.1

2 of 13

Xtro\pglyrp1

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\pglyrp5

4 of 14

Yes

Drer\pglyrp2

3 of 14

Drer\pglyrp6

3 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\mig-39

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)

Agam\PGRPLC

7 of 12

Yes

4 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PGRP-LC. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

model of lower respiratory tract disease

CEA

(Wagner et al., 2021)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

PGRP-LC^x.UAS

model of lower respiratory tract disease

is ameliorated by Tak1^HMS00282

(Wagner et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by Tak1^K46R.M.UAS

(Wagner et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by bsk^HMS00777

(Wagner et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by bsk^K53R.UAS

(Wagner et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by foxo²¹

(Wagner et al., 2021)

is ameliorated by foxo^JF02734

(Wagner et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PGLYRP1; peptidoglycan recognition protein 1

4 of 14

604963

PGLYRP4; peptidoglycan recognition protein 4

4 of 14

608198

PGLYRP2; peptidoglycan recognition protein 2

3 of 14

608199

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

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(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

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Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

PGRP-LC - B52

electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Pan et al., 2018)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

PGRP-LC

electrophoretic mobility-based method, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, x-ray fiber diffraction, electron microscopy, molecular sieving, molecular weight, surface plasmon resonance

(Kleino et al., 2017, Basbous et al., 2011, Choe et al., 2005)

PGRP-LC - Diap2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Neyen et al., 2016)

PGRP-LC - PGRP-LF

surface plasmon resonance

(Basbous et al., 2011)

PGRP-LC - PGRP-SD

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Iatsenko et al., 2016)

PGRP-LC - TM9SF2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Perrin et al., 2015)

PGRP-LC - TM9SF4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Perrin et al., 2015)

PGRP-LC - imd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Aggarwal et al., 2008, Kaneko et al., 2006, Choe et al., 2005)

PGRP-LC - pirk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down

(Neyen et al., 2016, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Lhocine et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

PGRP-LC

enhanceable

CG8046

(Paik et al., 2017)

PGRP-LC

enhanceable

PGRP-LE

(Paik et al., 2017, Takehana et al., 2004)

PGRP-LC

suppressible

TM9SF2

(Perrin et al., 2015)

PGRP-LC

suppressible

TM9SF4

(Perrin et al., 2015)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

GluRIIA

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Harris et al., 2015)

ima

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Snee et al., 2023)

PGRP-LB

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Charroux et al., 2018)

PGRP-LE

enhanceable

PGRP-LC

(Takehana et al., 2004)

PGRP-LF

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Maillet et al., 2008)

PGRP-SC1a

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Bischoff et al., 2006)

Vps33B

suppressible

PGRP-LC

(Akbar et al., 2016)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64460

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0035976

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

39063

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Toll and Imd signaling pathway

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-29

Cytogenetic map

67B1-67B1

Sequence location

3L:9,338,810..9,348,336 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

67B1-67B1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)01629⁰¹⁶²⁹&P{PZ}mRpL12¹⁰⁵³⁴ and P{EP}Hsp26^EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26^EP3315

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-29

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-23.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Wu et al., 2001)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Maps near to h.

(Wu et al., 2001)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (15)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

36323

w^*; PGRP-LC^Δ5

55713

w^*; P{XP-U}PGRP-LC^ΔE

30917

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a}3

30919

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x}1

85994

w¹¹¹⁸; P{XP}PGRP-LC^d07454

12500

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GT1}PGRP-LC^BG00650

42442

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}PGRP-LC^MI06861

77776

y¹ w^*; Mi{Trojan-GAL4.1}PGRP-LC^{MI06861-TG4.1}

33383

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00259}attP2

NIG-Fly

HMS00259

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00259}attP2

VDRC

v101636

P{KK105287}VIE-260B

v51968

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD2387}v51968

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (19)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (48)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

DPiM_IP15793

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0035976

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0035976

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2^star : An inducible stable S2[star] cell lines was created that expresses pirk. Double stable S2[star] cell lines were created that express either PGRP-LC, PGRP-LE, imd or Dredd in addition to pirk.
(Aggarwal et al., 2008)

Other Comments

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a specific decrease in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli when assayed in S2 cells.

(Kleino et al., 2005)

PGRP-LC binds strongly to all types of polymeric peptidoglycan and to monomeric TCT.

(Mellroth et al., 2005)

Identification: as a mutation that fails to induce expression of Ecol\lacZ^Dpt.PR normally in response to infection. 2 alleles have been obtained.

(Wu et al., 2001)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: PGRP-LC ird7

(Choe et al., 2002)

Additional comments

Source for identity of PGRP-LC CG4432 was sequence comparison ( date:001020 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: PGRP-LC CG4432

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

(PGRP)-LC

(Zaidman-Remy et al., 2007)

CG4432

(Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Pal et al., 2007, Kleino et al., 2005, Hultmark, 2003.6.23, Ramet et al., 2002, Seroude et al., 2002, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Ponting et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)

Dm PGRP-LC

(Waterhouse et al., 2007)

PGRP-LC

(Balakireva et al., 2024, Rommelaere et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024, Aalto et al., 2023, Aida et al., 2023, Aromolaran et al., 2023, Bland, 2023, Bossen et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2023, He et al., 2023, Joshi et al., 2023, Keith, 2023, Khan et al., 2023, Kietz and Meinander, 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Meng et al., 2023, Mouawad et al., 2023, Snee et al., 2023, Stączek et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2023, Williams et al., 2023, Benoit et al., 2022, Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022, Charroux and Royet, 2022, Chen et al., 2022, Cheung et al., 2022, Liegeois and Ferrandon, 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Nayak and Mishra, 2022, Neophytou and Pitsouli, 2022, Shen et al., 2022, Tendulkar et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Yoo et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Buhlman et al., 2021, Fabian et al., 2021, Ferguson et al., 2021, Harnish et al., 2021, Kong et al., 2021, Mishra et al., 2021, Montanari and Royet, 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Rosendo Machado et al., 2021, Salem Wehbe et al., 2021, Schneider and Imler, 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Wagner et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Zhu et al., 2021, Arora and Ligoxygakis, 2020, Benoit et al., 2020, Dierking and Pita, 2020, Gilbert et al., 2020, Grenier and Leulier, 2020, Huang et al., 2020, Krautz et al., 2020, Lesperance and Broderick, 2020, Lu et al., 2020, Masuzzo et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Younes et al., 2020, Zugasti et al., 2020, Asri et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Chmiel et al., 2019, Galenza and Foley, 2019, Harsh et al., 2019, Liao et al., 2019, Melcarne et al., 2019, Molaei et al., 2019, Palmer et al., 2019, Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Vaz et al., 2019, Abhyankar et al., 2018, Aranha and Vasconcelos, 2018, Charroux et al., 2018, Garschall and Flatt, 2018, Goto et al., 2018, Hao et al., 2018, Harris et al., 2018, Kamareddine et al., 2018, Min and Tatar, 2018, Palmer et al., 2018, Shibata and Kawabata, 2018, Su et al., 2018, Troha et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Zhai et al., 2018, Bastos et al., 2017, Christesen et al., 2017, Gupta et al., 2017, Keita et al., 2017, Kenmoku et al., 2017, Kleino et al., 2017, Kurz et al., 2017, Mussabekova et al., 2017, Paik et al., 2017, Yanagawa et al., 2017, Yao et al., 2017, Akbar et al., 2016, Bonfini et al., 2016, Broderick, 2016, Capo et al., 2016, Costechareyre et al., 2016, Faye and Lindberg, 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Mistry et al., 2016, Morris et al., 2016, Moulton and Letsou, 2016, Neyen et al., 2016, Shiratsuchi et al., 2016, Buchon and Osman, 2015, Castillo et al., 2015, El Chamy et al., 2015, Harris et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Kavi et al., 2015, Kong et al., 2015, Perrin et al., 2015, Pragya et al., 2015, Sansone et al., 2015, Stratoulias and Heino, 2015, Verma and Tapadia, 2015, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015, Abnave et al., 2014, Arefin et al., 2014, Chakrabarti et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Donlea et al., 2014, Goto et al., 2014, Horiguchi et al., 2014, Imler, 2014, Keebaugh and Schlenke, 2014, Lee and Lee, 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Péan and Dionne, 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Valanne, 2014, Xu and Cherry, 2014, Aparicio et al., 2013, Buchon et al., 2013, Daneshvar et al., 2013, Fukuyama et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Kingsolver et al., 2013, Kuraishi et al., 2013, Lee and Brey, 2013, Marianes and Spradling, 2013, Merkling and van Rij, 2013, Nelson et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Hamilos et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012, Nam et al., 2012, Neyen et al., 2012, Paik et al., 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Basbous et al., 2011, Douglas et al., 2011, Fauvarque and Williams, 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Yano and Kurata, 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Aymeric et al., 2010, Goto et al., 2010, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Kurata, 2010, Paquette et al., 2010, Sabin et al., 2010, Sackton et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Bond and Foley, 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Gendrin et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Thevenon et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Bergeret et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Leone et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Schmidt et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Wagner et al., 2008, Yano et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, El Chamy et al., 2007, Ferrandon, 2007.11.30, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Pal et al., 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Tanji et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Wagner and Roeder, 2007, Bischoff et al., 2006, Gottar et al., 2006, Kaneko et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Libert et al., 2006, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2006, Erturk-Hasdemir and Silverman, 2005, Filipe et al., 2005, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Kocks et al., 2005, McGettigan et al., 2005, Bischoff et al., 2004, Kaneko et al., 2004, Gobert et al., 2003, Leulier et al., 2003, Mellroth et al., 2003, Werner et al., 2003)

PGRP-LCa

(Hua et al., 2022, Bonnay et al., 2014, Ji et al., 2014, Kleino and Silverman, 2014, Kurata, 2014, Ferrandon, 2013, Valanne et al., 2011, Diangelo et al., 2009, Goto et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2006, Chang et al., 2005, Mellroth et al., 2005)

PGRP-LCd

(Chen et al., 2019)

PGRP-LCx

(Aalto et al., 2019, Kleino and Silverman, 2014, Kurata, 2014, Lindsay and Wasserman, 2014, Ferrandon, 2013, Meinander et al., 2012, Valanne et al., 2011, Lhocine et al., 2008, Sekiya et al., 2008, Silverman et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2006, Chang et al., 2005, Mellroth et al., 2005, Seroude et al., 2002)

PGRPLC

(Christophides et al., 2002)

Pgrp-LC

(Linder et al., 2008)

ird7

(Costa et al., 2009, Garver et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2001)

pgrp

(Frank et al., 2020)

pgrp lc

(Okuda et al., 2016)

pgrp-lc

(Fink et al., 2016, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010)

tot

(Ramet et al., 2002)

Name Synonyms

PG recognition receptor-LC

(Lee and Lee, 2014)

PGRP-LC

(Cho et al., 2005)

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC

(Kankel et al., 2007)

Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-LC

(Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)

immune response deficient 7

(Wu et al., 2001)

peptidoglycan recognition protein LC

(Faye and Lindberg, 2016)

peptidoglycan recognition protein-LC

(Fukuyama et al., 2013, Igboin et al., 2012)

totem

(Ramet et al., 2002)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0046840

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 99 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

39063

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9GNK5

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9GNK5

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9GNK5

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0035976

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39063/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0035976

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0035976

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0035976

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4432

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

39063

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

1Z6I
2F2L

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64460

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0035976

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0035976

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0035976

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0035976

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0035976

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4432

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0035976

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Toll and Imd signaling pathway

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

39063

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (388)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

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