FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\PGRP-LE
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\PGRP-LE
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Peptidoglycan recognition protein LE
Annotation Symbol
CG8995
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0030695
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Peptidoglycan recognition protein LE (PGRP-LE) encodes an intracellular protein that interacts with DAP-type peptidoglycan to activate the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the midgut. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PGRP

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
13F1-13F1
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-52
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:15801153..15803880
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pirk; FB:FBgn0034647
(Aggarwal et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables peptidoglycan binding
non-traceable author statement
(Werner et al., 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:PGRP-SC1b; FB:FBgn0033327
(Mellroth et al., 2003)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006619
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
NOT enables N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
inferred from key residues
(Mellroth et al., 2003)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defense response to bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wong et al., 2017, Libert et al., 2006)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chevée et al., 2019, Libert et al., 2006)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Takehana et al., 2004)
involved_in defense response to virus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Liu et al., 2018)
involved_in determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Libert et al., 2006)
involved_in peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wagner et al., 2021, Paik et al., 2017, Neyen et al., 2012, Kaneko et al., 2006, Takehana et al., 2002)
inferred from direct assay
(Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LC; FB:FBgn0035976
(Liu et al., 2018)
involved_in positive regulation of innate immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goto et al., 2008)
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ClC-b; FB:FBgn0033755
(Wong et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in innate immune response
non-traceable author statement
(Werner et al., 2000)
NOT involved_in peptidoglycan catabolic process
inferred from key residues
(Mellroth et al., 2003)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Kaneko et al., 2006)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Takehana et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (Q9VXN9)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Peptidoglycan recognition protein LE (PGRP-LE) encodes an intracellular protein that interacts with DAP-type peptidoglycan to activate the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the midgut. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
LONG PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEINS -
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune response that bind peptidoglycans. Insect PGRPs can be divided into two groups based on transcript size: short PGRPs (PGRP-S) and long PGRPs (PGRP-L). PGRP-L can be intracellular, extracellular, and transmembrane proteins. (Adapted from FBrf0223078).
UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOENZYMES -
This group comprises pseudoenzymes that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Pathway (FlyBase)
Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-negative bacteria and activating the imd/Relish pathway. Has no activity against on Gram-positive bacteria. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type PGN (DAP-type PGN), an activator of the imd/Relish pathway. Functions synergistically with PGRP-LC in producing resistance to E.coli and B.megaterium infections, which have the DAP-type peptidoglycan. Acts both upstream and in parallel with PGRP-LC in the imd/Relish pathway, and is required for infection-dependent activation of melanization. Required for Relish processing and nuclear translocation following proteolytic cleavage. Its localization suggests a role in the recognition and subsequent activation of the signaling at the first point of contact with invading bacteria.
(UniProt, Q9VXN9)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PGRP-LE for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VXN9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
PGRP-LE-RA
FBtr0074183
NM_132850
1398
345
PGRP-LE-RB
FBtr0307978
NM_001258766
2073
345
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
PGRP-LE-PA
FBpp0073968
39.4
345
4.79
Q9VXN9
NP_573078
AAF48519
PGRP-LE-PB
FBpp0300347
39.4
345
4.79
Q9VXN9
NP_001245695
AFH07408
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

345 aa isoforms: PGRP-LE-PA, PGRP-LE-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Monomer. Peptidoglycan binding induces oligomerization.

(UniProt, Q9VXN9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PGRP-LE using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.31

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Kaneko et al., 2006)
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Takehana et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PGRP-LE in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PGRP-LE
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PGRP-LE
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal immune response
abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4Switch1.106
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
abnormal immune response | adult stage | recessive
abnormal immune response | conditional
abnormal immune response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
decreased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tk.PS
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80alrm.PS
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80moody.PZ
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80Tret1.PW
increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
increased cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
increased cell number | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80nrv2.PR
long lived, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
melanotic mass phenotype | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
short lived, with Scer\GAL4repo
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Switch1.106
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult anterior midgut, with Scer\GAL4Tk.PS
adult central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo
adult cuticle, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
adult enteroendocrine cell | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4Tk.PS
adult fat body | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
adult plasmatocyte | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo
adult proventriculus | conditional
central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80alrm.PS
central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80moody.PZ
central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80Tret1.PW
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | P-stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | P-stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80nrv2.PR
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4repo
lipid droplet | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tk.PS
melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4c564
melanotic mass | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
perineurium | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4repo
plasmatocyte | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80alrm.PS
plasmatocyte | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80moody.PZ
plasmatocyte | increased number, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80Tret1.PW
pupal central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo
pupal central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4repo, Scer\GAL80nrv2.PR
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\PGLYRP1
5 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\PGLYRP2
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PGLYRP4
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PGLYRP3
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Pglyrp1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Pglyrp2
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pglyrp3
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pglyrp4
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC685600
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Pglyrp1
5 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Pglyrp2
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pglyrp4
4 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pglyrp3
3 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\pglyrp2
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\mterf2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pglyrp1-like.1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gad2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pglyrp1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spryd7
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\pglyrp5
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\pglyrp2
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\pglyrp6
4 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\mig-39
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\PGRPS1
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\PGRPLB
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLC
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPS2
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPS3
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLA
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\PGRPLD
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011476
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PGRP-LE. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
PGRP-LF
6 of 13
PGRP-SA
6 of 13
PGRP-SC2
6 of 13
PGRP-SD
6 of 13
PGRP-LC
5 of 13
PGRP-SB1
5 of 13
PGRP-SB2
5 of 13
PGRP-SC1a
5 of 13
PGRP-LA
4 of 13
PGRP-LB
4 of 13
PGRP-SC1b
4 of 13
PGRP-LD
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    PGRP-LEUAS.Tag:FLAG
    model of  lower respiratory tract disease
    CEA
    (Wagner et al., 2021)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    PGRP-LEHMC05031
    ameliorates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8
    modeled by Vap33Δ166, Vap33P58S.cRa.UAS
    (Tendulkar et al., 2022)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PGLYRP1; peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
    5 of 14
    604963
         
        PGLYRP2; peptidoglycan recognition protein 2
        4 of 14
        608199
            PGLYRP4; peptidoglycan recognition protein 4
            4 of 14
            608198
                PGLYRP3; peptidoglycan recognition protein 3
                3 of 14
                608197
                     
                    Functional Complementation Data
                    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                    Interactions
                    Summary of Physical Interactions
                    Summary of Genetic Interactions
                    esyN Network Diagram
                    Show/hide secondary interactors 
                    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
                    esyN Network Key:
                    Suppression
                    Enhancement
                    Other Interaction Browsers
                    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    PGRP-LE
                    suppressible
                    Fadd
                    (Libert et al., 2006)
                    PGRP-LE
                    suppressible
                    Listericin
                    (Goto et al., 2010)
                    PGRP-LE
                    enhanceable
                    PGRP-LC
                    (Takehana et al., 2004)
                    PGRP-LE
                    suppressible
                    Pvf2
                    (Winkler et al., 2021)
                    PGRP-LE
                    suppressible
                    Rel
                    (Winkler et al., 2021, Libert et al., 2006)
                    PGRP-LE
                    suppressible
                    Tak1
                    (Libert et al., 2006)
                    Starting gene(s)
                    Interaction type
                    Interacting gene(s)
                    Reference
                    ClC-b
                    suppressible
                    PGRP-LE
                    (Wong et al., 2017)
                    ima
                    suppressible
                    PGRP-LE
                    (Snee et al., 2023)
                    PGRP-LB
                    suppressible
                    PGRP-LE
                    (Charroux et al., 2018, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012)
                    PGRP-LC
                    enhanceable
                    PGRP-LE
                    (Paik et al., 2017, Takehana et al., 2004)
                    PGRP-LF
                    suppressible
                    PGRP-LE
                    (Maillet et al., 2008)
                    External Data
                    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                    Monomer. Peptidoglycan binding induces oligomerization.
                    (UniProt, Q9VXN9 )
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    Pathways
                    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                    Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
                    The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
                    Metabolic Pathways
                    External Data
                    Linkouts
                    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                    Chromosome (arm)
                    X
                    Recombination map
                    1-52
                    Cytogenetic map
                    13F1-13F1
                    Sequence location
                    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Evidence for location
                    13F1-13F1
                    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1489 and P{EP}BEST:RE35685EP1581&P{EP}sdEP1088
                    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                    Cytogenetic map
                    Notes
                    References
                    13F-13F
                    (Werner, 2000.10.16)
                    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                    Location

                    1-52

                    (FlyBase, 2016)

                    1-51.9

                    (Comeron et al., 2012)
                    Left of (cM)
                    Right of (cM)
                    Notes
                    Stocks and Reagents
                    Stocks (7)
                    Genomic Clones (17)
                     

                    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                    cDNA Clones (10)
                     

                    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                    BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                    RNAi and Array Information
                    Linkouts
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Antibody Information
                    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                     
                    Commercially Available Antibodies
                     
                    Cell Line Information
                    Publicly Available Cell Lines
                     
                      Other Stable Cell Lines
                       
                      Other Comments
                      Relationship to Other Genes
                      Source for database merge of

                      Source for merge of: PGRP-LE anon-WO0153538.66

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Additional comments

                      "l(1)G0414" may affect "PGRP-LE".

                      (Peter et al., 2002)

                      Source for identity of CG8995 PGRP-LE was sequence comparison ( date:001123 ).

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)

                      Source for merge of PGRP-LE anon-WO0153538.66 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Nomenclature History
                      Source for database identify of

                      Source for identity of: CG8995 PGRP-LE

                      (FlyBase, 1996-)
                      Nomenclature comments
                      Etymology
                      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                      Reported As
                      Symbol Synonym
                      CG8995
                      (Douglas et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
                      PGRP
                      (Aradska et al., 2015, Libert et al., 2006)
                      PGRP-LE
                      (Balakireva et al., 2024, Mpamhanga and Kounatidis, 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, He et al., 2023, Joshi et al., 2023, Khan et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Meng et al., 2023, Mouawad et al., 2023, Snee et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2023, Williams et al., 2023, Benoit et al., 2022, Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022, Liegeois and Ferrandon, 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Nayak and Mishra, 2022, Neophytou and Pitsouli, 2022, Pavlidaki et al., 2022, Tendulkar et al., 2022, Yu et al., 2022, Ferguson et al., 2021, Mishra et al., 2021, Montanari and Royet, 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Rosendo Machado et al., 2021, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Wagner et al., 2021, Benoit et al., 2020, Lesperance and Broderick, 2020, Lu et al., 2020, Masuzzo et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Watnick and Jugder, 2020, Zugasti et al., 2020, Chmiel et al., 2019, Harsh et al., 2019, Hudson et al., 2019, Molaei et al., 2019, Aranha and Vasconcelos, 2018, Charroux et al., 2018, Garschall and Flatt, 2018, Goto et al., 2018, Kamareddine et al., 2018, Kuo et al., 2018, Min and Tatar, 2018, Nazario-Toole et al., 2018, Palmer et al., 2018, Shahrestani et al., 2018, Shibata and Kawabata, 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Zhai et al., 2018, Capo et al., 2017, Early et al., 2017, Gupta et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Keita et al., 2017, Kenmoku et al., 2017, Kleino et al., 2017, Kurz et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Paik et al., 2017, Tavignot et al., 2017, Bonfini et al., 2016, Broderick, 2016, Capo et al., 2016, Costechareyre et al., 2016, Maistrenko et al., 2016, Mistry et al., 2016, Morris et al., 2016, Shiratsuchi et al., 2016, Buchon and Osman, 2015, Castillo et al., 2015, El Chamy et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Kong et al., 2015, Momiuchi et al., 2015, Sansone et al., 2015, Stratoulias and Heino, 2015, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015, Arefin et al., 2014, Donlea et al., 2014, Imler, 2014, Keebaugh and Schlenke, 2014, Kleino and Silverman, 2014, Kurata, 2014, Lee and Lee, 2014, Lindsay and Wasserman, 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Myllymäki et al., 2014, Panayidou et al., 2014, Shiratsuchi et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Buchon et al., 2013, Ferrandon, 2013, Fukuyama et al., 2013, Kingsolver et al., 2013, Kuraishi et al., 2013, Merkling and van Rij, 2013, Moy and Cherry, 2013, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Eleftherianos and Castillo, 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012, Neyen et al., 2012, Nezis, 2012, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Goto and Kurata, 2011.1.6, Valanne et al., 2011, Yano and Kurata, 2011, Goto et al., 2010, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Kurata, 2010, Paquette et al., 2010, Cronin et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Okado et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Silverman et al., 2008, Wagner et al., 2008, Yano et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Kurata, 2007, Libert et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Wagner and Roeder, 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Kaneko et al., 2006, Libert et al., 2006, Lim et al., 2006, Yagi and Ip, 2005, Mellroth et al., 2003, Christophides et al., 2002)
                      anon-WO0153538.66
                      pgrp le
                      (Okuda et al., 2016)
                      pgrp-le
                      (Fink et al., 2016, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010)
                      Name Synonyms
                      Peptidoglycan recognition protein LE
                      Peptidoglycan recognition protein-LE
                      (Maistrenko et al., 2016)
                      peptidoglycan recognition protein
                      (Libert et al., 2006)
                      peptidoglycan recognition protein-LE
                      (Fukuyama et al., 2013)
                      Secondary FlyBase IDs
                      • FBgn0045885
                      Datasets (0)
                      Study focus (0)
                      Experimental Role
                      Project
                      Project Type
                      Title
                      Study result (0)
                      Result
                      Result Type
                      Title
                      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
                      Sequence Crossreferences
                      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                      Other crossreferences
                      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                      PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                      References (215)