FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\fng
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\fng
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
fringe
Annotation Symbol
CG10580
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011591
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
22 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (2.4.1.222)
Gene Summary
fringe (fng) encodes a glycosyltransferase that modifies EGF domains of the product of N. This glycosylation enhances the interactions the product of N with its ligand encoded by Delta, and inhibits those with its ligand encoded by Ser. In this way the product of fng modulates Notch signaling. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)rG554

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
78A1-78A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:20925891..20949512
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Harvey et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2007, Panin et al., 2002, Bruckner et al., 2000, Moloney et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017374
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087518
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (18 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (16 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in compound eye development
inferred from direct assay
(Dominguez and de Celis, 1998)
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dominguez et al., 2004)
involved_in cuticle pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Walters et al., 2006, Walters et al., 2005)
involved_in dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1995)
involved_in female germ-line stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yang et al., 2013)
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dai et al., 2017)
involved_in germarium-derived egg chamber formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grammont and Irvine, 2001, Zhao et al., 2000)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(de Celis et al., 1998)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rauskolb and Irvine, 1999)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Panin et al., 1997, Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1995)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
involved_in negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ser; FB:FBgn0004197
(Walters et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bernard et al., 2006, Panin et al., 1997)
involved_in positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ser; FB:FBgn0004197,FLYBASE:N; FB:FBgn0004647
(LeBon et al., 2014)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Troost and Klein, 2012, Grammont and Irvine, 2001, Bruckner et al., 2000, Moloney et al., 2000, Panin et al., 1997)
involved_in protein glycosylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Aoki et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Moloney et al., 2000)
involved_in wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Troost and Klein, 2012)
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Bx; FB:FBgn0265598,FLYBASE:ap; FB:FBgn0267978
(Bejarano et al., 2008)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Troost and Klein, 2012, Moloney et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in pattern specification process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017374
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000087518
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Kondylis et al., 2001)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Munro and Freeman, 2000)
located_in Golgi medial cisterna
inferred from direct assay
(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)
located_in Golgi stack
inferred from direct assay
(Kondylis et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in Golgi membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017374
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. (Q24342)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity
(1) 3-O-(alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-seryl-[EGF-like domain protein] + UDP-N- acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)- alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-seryl-[EGF-like domain protein] + H(+) + UDP (2.4.1.222)
(2) 3-O-(alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-threonyl-[EGF-like domain protein] + UDP-N- acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)- alpha-L-fucosyl)-L-threonyl-[EGF-like domain protein] + H(+) + UDP (2.4.1.222)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
fringe (fng) encodes a glycosyltransferase that modifies EGF domains of the product of N. This glycosylation enhances the interactions the product of N with its ligand encoded by Delta, and inhibits those with its ligand encoded by Ser. In this way the product of fng modulates Notch signaling. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Positive regulators of the pathway enhance the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
Negative Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BETA 1,3-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE -
Beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalyze the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to substrates including glycolipids and proteins.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Glycosyltransferase involved in the elongation of O-linked ligands to activate Notch signaling. Possesses fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; extends the O-linked fucose on the Notch EGF repeats. Boundary-specific cell-signaling molecule that is responsible for dorsal-ventral cell interactions during wing development.
(UniProt, Q24342)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

secreted glycosyltransferase involved boundary formation - Notch antagonist that functions by targeting extracellular domain of Notch - Chip and Beadex function antagonistically on Notch signaling through directly regulation of fringe transcription

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\fng for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24342)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
fng-RA
FBtr0078267
NM_079467
1959
412
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.9 (northern blot)

(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
fng-PA
FBpp0077925
47.0
412
8.08
Q24342
NP_524191
AAF51658
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

412 (aa)

(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\fng using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.84

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gnathal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
large intestine primordium

Comment: reported as large intestine specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
proventriculus primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic anal pad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head sensory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hypopharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic large intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus inner layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut interstitial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
second instar larval stage
wing disc | dorsal
(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell of germarium region 2b
(Zhao et al., 2000)
adult stageoogenesis stage S2 -- S4
polar follicle cell
(Zhao et al., 2000)
adult stage | femaleoogenesis stage S1 -- S4
polar follicle cell | precursor
(Althauser et al., 2005)
adult stage & oogenesis stage S5
follicle cell
(Zhao et al., 2000)
adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S5
polar follicle cell
(Althauser et al., 2005)
adult stageoogenesis stage S6 -- S9
polar follicle cell
(Zhao et al., 2000)
adult stage & oogenesis stage S10
follicle cell | subset
(Zhao et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data

fng transcript is expressed 4-5 polar follicle cell precursor cells in stage 1-4 egg chambers, and later in the 2 polar cells that emerge from the prepolar group.

(Althauser et al., 2005)

fng transcript is expressed in follicle cells starting in germarium region 2b. Expression is detected in anterior and posterior follicle cells in stage S2-S4, in all follicle cells in stage S5, in anterior and posterior polar follicle cells in stage S6-S9. At stage S10, expression is detected in all follicle cells except anterior-dorsal follicle cells.

(Zhao et al., 2000)

fng is first detected in the wing disc in second instar larvae where it is restricted to the dorsal region of the disc. Expression remains in the dorsal part of the wing disc through the first half of the third instar after which some weak expression begins to appear in ventral regions outside of the wing pouch. In addition, fng expression is lost in some regions that will give rise to the notum. By the end of third instar, expression is lost in some dorsal regions within the wing pouch and becomes strong in proximal regions of the ventral wing.

(Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female & oogenesis
germarium region 1
(Johnston et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

Epitope-tagged fng protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus.

(Johnston et al., 2016, Munro and Freeman, 2000)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from direct assay
(Kondylis et al., 2001)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Munro and Freeman, 2000)
located_in Golgi medial cisterna
inferred from direct assay
(Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012)
located_in Golgi stack
inferred from direct assay
(Kondylis et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\fng in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 45 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 23 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of fng
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of fng
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
lethal (with Df(3L)ri-XT1)
lethal (with fng1)
lethal (with fng3)
lethal (with fng5)
lethal (with fng7)
lethal (with fng8)
lethal (with fng11)
lethal (with fng13)
lethal (with fng14)
lethal (with fng80)
lethal (with fng129)
lethal (with fngL19)
lethal (with fngL73)
lethal (with fngL81)
lethal (with fngL83)
lethal | heat sensitive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
partially lethal - majority live
partially lethal - majority live (with Df(3L)ri-XT1)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng1)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng2)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng3)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng5)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng7)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng8)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng11)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng13)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng14)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng35UZ-1)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng52)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng80)
partially lethal - majority live (with fng129)
partially lethal - majority live (with fngL19)
partially lethal - majority live (with fngL73)
partially lethal - majority live (with fngL81)
partially lethal - majority live (with fngL83)
partially lethal - majority live (with fngM69)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell adhesion | germline clone
abnormal cell shape, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal planar polarity
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | recessive | somatic clone
abnormal planar polarity | recessive | somatic clone
decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4bab1-Gal4, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
some die during larval stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
visible, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4c311
visible, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4klu-G410
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible | dominant
visible | heat sensitive
visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B
visible | recessive
visible | recessive | somatic clone
visible | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult optic lobe | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
antenna | somatic clone
anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4klu-G410
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing blade
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
border follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
centripetal follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
coxa | somatic clone
denticle | ectopic
denticle row
dorsal appendage | heat sensitive
dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone
egg | heat sensitive
egg chamber
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4fng-c606
egg chamber (with fng52)
egg chamber (with fngM69)
egg chamber | heat sensitive
egg chamber | somatic clone
embryonic proventriculus
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4c311
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
eye | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone | ventral
eye | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B
eye | somatic clone
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye equator | ectopic | somatic clone
eye equator | somatic clone
female germline stem cell, with Scer\GAL4bab1-Gal4, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
female germline stem cell | germline clone
female germline stem cell | germline clone | progressive
femur, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
femur | somatic clone
filamentous actin & denticle field primordium
follicle cell
follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4fng-c606
follicle cell (with fng2)
follicle cell (with fng13)
follicle cell (with fng52)
follicle cell (with fng80)
follicle cell (with fngM69)
follicle cell | heat sensitive
follicle cell | somatic clone
germarium cap cell, with Scer\GAL4bab1-Gal4, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
keyhole structure
leg, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
leg & joint, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
leg joint, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
leg joint | cell autonomous | somatic clone
leg joint | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
metatarsus | somatic clone
neuroblast | ectopic | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
ocellar triangle
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4c311
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
ommatidium | somatic clone
oocyte | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
ovary
ovary (with fng2)
ovary (with fng13)
ovary (with fng52)
ovary (with fng80)
ovary (with fngM69)
photoreceptor
photoreceptor | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B
polar follicle cell | cell autonomous | somatic clone
polar follicle cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
polar follicle cell | somatic clone
pretarsus | somatic clone
proventriculus inner layer primordium
proventriculus intermediate layer primordium
proventriculus outer layer primordium
scutum, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
stalk follicle cell (with fng2)
stalk follicle cell (with fng13)
stalk follicle cell (with fng52)
stalk follicle cell (with fng80)
stalk follicle cell (with fngM69)
stalk follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
stretch follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
tarsal segment 2 | somatic clone
tarsal segment 3 | somatic clone
tarsal segment 4 | somatic clone
tibia, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
tibia | somatic clone
trochanter | somatic clone
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing (with Df(3L)ri-XT1)
wing (with fng1)
wing (with fng2)
wing (with fng3)
wing (with fng5)
wing (with fng7)
wing (with fng8)
wing (with fng11)
wing (with fng13)
wing (with fng14)
wing (with fng35UZ-1)
wing (with fng52)
wing (with fng80)
wing (with fng129)
wing (with fngL19)
wing (with fngL73)
wing (with fngL81)
wing (with fngL83)
wing (with fngM69)
wing | heat sensitive
wing | somatic clone
wing disc | dorsal | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
wing disc | somatic clone | ventral, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
wing margin
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing margin | ectopic | somatic clone
wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing margin bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein
wing vein, with Scer\GAL469B
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4A9
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
wing vein | cell autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone
wing vein | ectopic
wing vein L4
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Hsap\RFNG
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\LFNG
13 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\MFNG
13 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\B3GLCT
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\C1GALT1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHPF2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\CHPF
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHSY1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHSY3
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Rfng
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Lfng
13 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Mfng
13 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\B3glct
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\C1galt1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Chpf2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Chpf
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Chsy1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Chsy3
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)
Mmus\Rfng
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
Mmus\Mfng
13 of 14
No
Yes
2  
Mmus\Lfng
12 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Mmus\B3glct
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\C1galt1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Chpf2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Chpf
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Chsy1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Chsy3
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)
Xtro\rfng
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\lfng
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mbnl2
6 of 13
No
No
Xtro\c1galt1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\chsy1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\chsy3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100486174
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rbbp8
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\vav1
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (13)
Drer\lfng
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rfng
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\mfng
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\b3glcta
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\b3glctb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\c1galt1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\c1galt1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\chpf2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\chpfa
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\chpfb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\chsy1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\chsy3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-202e17.1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (11)
Cele\C17A2.3
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\bus-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\C02H6.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\C16D9.6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\C38H2.2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\E03H4.3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\F56H6.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sqv-5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y38C1AB.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y38C1AB.5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\ZC250.2
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006439
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001010
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001050
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009562
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009979
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012265
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (13)
Atha\AT1G01570
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G07850
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G33250
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT4G00295
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT4G11350
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT4G23490
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT5G41460
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G05280
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G37730
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G11420
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G00300
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G15240
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G12460
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:fng. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
CG9109
3 of 13
C1GalTA
1 of 13
CG2975
1 of 13
CG2983
1 of 13
CG3119
1 of 13
CG8708
1 of 13
CG18558
1 of 13
CG34056
1 of 13
CG34057
1 of 13
CG34452
1 of 13
Chpf
1 of 13
Chsy
1 of 13
tgy
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RFNG; RFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
    14 of 14
    602578
        LFNG; LFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
        13 of 14
        602576
        MFNG; MFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
        13 of 14
        602577
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
            Show/hide secondary interactors 
            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
            Select Layout:
            Legend:
            Protein
            RNA
            Selected Interactor(s)
            Other Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
            RNA-RNA
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            fng - mir-7
            luminiscence technology
            (Robins et al., 2005)
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show/hide secondary interactors 
            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            Other Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            fng
            suppressible
            Bx
            (Milan and Cohen, 2003)
            fng
            suppressible
            CycE
            (Tseng and Hariharan, 2002)
            fng
            enhanceable
            Delta
            (Dominguez et al., 2004)
            fng
            suppressible
            Egfr
            (Walters et al., 2005)
            fng
            enhanceable
            ey
            (Dominguez et al., 2004)
            fng
            suppressible
            ey
            (Dominguez et al., 2004)
            fng
            suppressible
            eyg
            (Dominguez et al., 2004)
            fng
            suppressible
            heph
            (Dansereau et al., 2002)
            fng
            enhanceable
            Hipk
            (Lee et al., 2009)
            fng
            suppressible
            N
            (Dominguez et al., 2004, Dansereau et al., 2002, de Celis and Bray, 2000, Dominguez and de Celis, 1998)
            fng
            suppressible
            Ser
            (Walters et al., 2005)
            fng
            enhanceable
            Sik2
            (Åžahin et al., 2020)
            fng
            enhanceable
            Sik3
            (Åžahin et al., 2020)
            fng
            suppressible
            toe
            (Dominguez et al., 2004)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            ap
            suppressible
            fng
            (Milan and Cohen, 2003, Milan et al., 2001, Milan et al., 2001, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001, Milan and Cohen, 1999, Klein and Martinez Arias, 1998)
            ap
            suppressible
            fng|mew
            (O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001)
            ap|Bx
            suppressible
            fng
            (Bejarano et al., 2008)
            Bx
            enhanceable
            fng
            (Bronstein et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 1998)
            Bx
            suppressible
            fng
            (Bejarano et al., 2008, Milan et al., 2004, Milan and Cohen, 2003, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 1998)
            Delta
            suppressible
            fng
            (Jacobsen et al., 1998)
            Delta
            enhanceable
            fng
            (Pitsouli and Delidakis, 2005)
            InR
            suppressible
            fng
            (Yang et al., 2013)
            L
            suppressible
            fng
            (Singh et al., 2005)
            mirr
            suppressible
            fng
            (Yang et al., 1999)
            N
            enhanceable
            fng
            (Selva et al., 2001)
            Nsf2
            enhanceable
            fng
            (Stewart et al., 2001)
            pbl
            enhanceable
            fng
            (Gregory et al., 2007)
            Ser
            suppressible
            fng
            (Jacobsen et al., 1998, Klein and Martinez Arias, 1998, Fleming et al., 1997, Hukriede et al., 1997)
            spdo
            suppressible
            fng
            (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
            spdo
            suppressible
            fng|numb
            (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
            vg
            suppressible
            fng
            (Bernard et al., 2006)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Positive Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
            The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Positive regulators of the pathway enhance the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
            Negative Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
            The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
            Metabolic Pathways
            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3L
            Recombination map
            3-47
            Cytogenetic map
            78A1-78A1
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            78A1-78A1
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            78A-78A
            (Irvine, 1995.3.29)
            78A1-78A2
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            78A-78A
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-47

            (FlyBase, 2016, Irvine, 1995.3.29, Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)

            3-43.8

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (22)
            Genomic Clones (27)
            cDNA Clones (38)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
              Other Comments

              Glycosylation of the N protein domain 'EGF12' is necessary for fng to inhibit the activation of N signalling by Ser but is not necessary for Ser binding to N.

              (Lei et al., 2003)

              fng is required via N activation od an ap dependent affinity difference at the dorsal ventral restriction boundary in the wing disc.

              (Milan and Cohen, 2003)

              Interacts genetically with 'eyeful' mutant though it is not yet clear whether 'eyeful' corresponds to lola or psq.

              (Ferres-Marco and Dominguez, 2001)

              fng plays a key role in positioning N activation during early oogenesis. fng is required cell-autonomously in the somatic polar cells for follicle formation and also for polar cell fate. fng is required non-autonomously to define the number and organization of stalk cells.

              (Grammont and Irvine, 2001)

              The glycosyltransferase activity of fng modulates N-Dl interactions.

              (Bruckner et al., 2000)

              fng seems to function in peripodial cells during eye development.

              (Gibson and Schubiger, 2000)

              fng and N form a complex through both the Lin-Notch repeats and the epidermal growth factor repeats 22-36.

              (Ju et al., 2000)

              The glycosyltransferase activity of fng modifies N.

              (Moloney et al., 2000)

              fng does not exert its effect outside the cell, but rather acts in the golgi apparatus, apparently as a glycosyltransferase.

              (Munro and Freeman, 2000)

              fng is essential in oogenesis for the proper formation of the egg chamber and for epithelial morphogenesis.

              (Zhao et al., 2000)

              fng protein does not detectably affect the ligand-receptor interactions of the N pathway in cultured cells.

              (Klueg and Muskavitch, 1999)

              Local activation of N is necessary and sufficient to promote the formation of joints between segments of the leg. This segmentation process requires the participation of Ser, Dl and fng.

              (Rauskolb and Irvine, 1999)

              fng plays a key role in dorsal-ventral compartmentalization in the wing disc, primarily by positioning a stripe of N activation, but fng may also exert additional influences on compartmentalization.

              (Rauskolb et al., 1999)

              The boundary of fng expression in the developing eye, with the subsequent implications for N signalling, is crucial for the induction of dorso-ventral mirror symmetry and eye morphogenesis.

              (Cho and Choi, 1998)

              The regulated expression pattern of fng is essential for eye growth and formation of the equator. Boundaries of fng expression determine where N will be activated.

              (Dominguez and de Celis, 1998)

              ap mediates cell interactions across the DV axis of the wing by regulating the expression of Ser and fng. In ap mutants the wing is lost, this phenotype can be rescued by ectopic expression of either Ser or fng and the resulting wings have both dorsal and ventral cell fates.

              (Klein et al., 1998)

              Ser does not signal in the dorsal regions of the developing imaginal wing disc due to the action of the fng gene product. Ectopic expression studies reveal the regulation of Ser by fng occurs at the level of protein and not Ser transcription.

              (Fleming et al., 1997)

              fng can suppress the ability of SerBd-3 to antagonize Dl during neurogenesis.

              (Hukriede et al., 1997)

              Ser and Dl maintain each other's expression in the wing by a positive feedback loop. fng functions to position and restrict this feedback loop to the developing dorsal-ventral boundary.

              (Panin et al., 1997)

              fng and Ser are distinct components of a single ap-regulated cell recognition and signal induction mechanism. Clonal analysis demonstrates that fng serves as a boundary-determining molecule such that Ser is induced wherever cells expressing fng and cells not expressing fng are juxtaposed.

              (Kim et al., 1995)

              fng encodes a boundary-specific cell-signalling molecule that is responsible for dorsal-ventral cell interactions during wing development.

              (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: fng l(3)rG554

              (Milan and Cohen, 2000)
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG10580
              (Meadows, 2017.9.14, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15, Grieder et al., 2007, Whitfield, 2000.10.25)
              D-Fng
              (Moloney et al., 2000)
              D-fng
              (Johnston et al., 1997)
              Dfng
              (Haltiwanger and Stanley, 2002)
              Fng
              (Chen et al., 2023, Yu et al., 2023, Khan et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2017, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2015, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Troost and Klein, 2012, Xu and Gridley, 2012, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012, Jayanandanan et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2011, Fiuza et al., 2010, Juhász et al., 2007, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Gonzalez et al., 2006, Herranz and Milan, 2006)
              Frg
              (Goode and Perrimon, 1997)
              Fringe
              (Saiki et al., 2021, Cui et al., 2020)
              fg
              (Huang, 1998)
              fng
              (Li et al., 2024, Pfefferkorn et al., 2024, Burghardt et al., 2023, Troost et al., 2023, Hayashi et al., 2022, Li et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Everetts et al., 2021, Laurichesse and Soler, 2020, Yamamoto, 2020, Fic et al., 2019, Pandey et al., 2019, Zhang and Ten Hagen, 2019, Zhu et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2018, Yang and Deng, 2018, Court et al., 2017, Dai et al., 2017, Kojima, 2017, Lin et al., 2017, Han et al., 2016, Morimoto et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Barrios et al., 2015, Bieli et al., 2015, Ishio et al., 2015, Morozova et al., 2015, Spratford and Kumar, 2015, Tsai et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, DeSalvo et al., 2014, LeBon et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Tseng et al., 2014, Zacharioudaki and Bray, 2014, Da Ros et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Troost and Klein, 2012, Xu and Gridley, 2012, Cherbas et al., 2011, Slattery et al., 2011, Bronstein et al., 2010, Egger et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2010, Liefke et al., 2010, Roignant et al., 2010, Stacey et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Ayroles et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Gutierrez-Aviño et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Tomoyasu et al., 2009, Aoki et al., 2008, Becam and Milán, 2008, Berger et al., 2008, Okajima et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Buceta et al., 2007, Cook, 2007.1.23, Cook, 2007.1.24, Grieder et al., 2007, Grueber et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Levine et al., 2007, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Xu et al., 2007, Atkey et al., 2006, Terry et al., 2006, Althauser et al., 2005, Jordan et al., 2005, Mok et al., 2005, Pérez et al., 2005, Hall et al., 2004, Wang and Struhl, 2004, Lei et al., 2003, Delanoue et al., 2002)
              frg
              (de Celis and Bray, 1998)
              fringe
              (Xu and Gridley, 2012, Matsuura et al., 2008, Chan et al., 2005)
              l(3)rG554
              (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
              Name Synonyms
              Fringe
              (Li et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Åžahin et al., 2020, Wang and Dahmann, 2020, Zacharioudaki and Bray, 2014, Zacharogianni et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Perdigoto and Bardin, 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Zacharogianni and Rabouille, 2013, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Troost and Klein, 2012, Kondylis et al., 2011, Fiuza et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Aoki et al., 2008, Buceta et al., 2007, Kondylis et al., 2007, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Childress et al., 2006, Glittenberg et al., 2006, Terry et al., 2006, Althauser et al., 2005, Fanto and McNeill, 2004)
              fringe
              (Josserand et al., 2023, St Johnston, 2023, Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Bieli et al., 2015, Dai et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Perdigoto et al., 2011, Slattery et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2011, Bronstein et al., 2010, Levine et al., 2010, Liefke et al., 2010, Roignant et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Gutierrez-Aviño et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2009, Bejarano et al., 2008, Berger et al., 2008, Le Garrec and Kerszberg, 2008, Okajima et al., 2008, Grammont, 2007, Gregory et al., 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Atkey et al., 2006, Bernard et al., 2006, Herranz and Milan, 2006, Holley, 2006, Walters et al., 2006, Jordan et al., 2005, Mok et al., 2005, Hall et al., 2004, Delanoue et al., 2002, Dawes-Hoang and Wieschaus, 2001, Wesley, 1999, Irvine, 1995.3.29)
              β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
              (Nishihara, 2020)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0011797
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
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