FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\L
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\L
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Lobe
Annotation Symbol
CG42702
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0288433
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Probable transcription factor that can both act as an activator or a repressor depending on the context (By similarity). Involved in posterior spiracle development. Acts downstream of ems and cut in posterior spiracle development. (UniProt, A1Z9R4)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

Oaz, l(2)03563, O/E-associated zinc finger protein, Dm_2R:42259

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-71
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14435899..14465881
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (1 term)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (A1Z9R4)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probable transcription factor that can both act as an activator or a repressor depending on the context (By similarity). Involved in posterior spiracle development. Acts downstream of ems and cut in posterior spiracle development.
(UniProt, A1Z9R4)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
L: Lobe
Variable reduction in eye size of heterozygotes and homozygotes as well as in homozygous viability, depending on allele. Most extreme allele, L2, exhibits reduced eyes in heterozygote and tiny eyes and poor viability in homozygote; classifiable in single dose in triploids (Schultz, 1934, DIS 1: 55). L1/+ have slightly reduced eyes with nick in anterior edge and the lower half of eye reduced more than upper; overlaps wild type; eyes of homozygote much smaller and less variable; bipartite eyes occasionally formed. Lr shows weakest expression, with the heterozygote indistinguishable from wild type and the homozygote with small kidney-shaped eyes at 25, but overlapping wild type at 19. Tested alleles (L4, LB, Ld, Lr) exhibit reduced expression at 19 compared to 25. Expression enhanced (L1, L2, L4) in combination with Minutes [M(2)58F, M(3)69E, M(3)95A] (Dunn and Coyne, 1935, Biol. Zentr. 55: 385-89). Reduced numbers of cells enter into formation of eye disks (L2, L4, L5, Steinberg, 1944, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 30: 5-13); reduced size of cephalic complex detectable in 24-hr larva, but subsequent growth rate is similar to wild type (L4, Medvedev, 1935, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 70: 55-72; Tr. Inst. Genet. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 10: 119-51).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger transcription factor required for eye cell survival - regulates eye development through the TOR pathway

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\L for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A1Z9R4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0302926
4617
1228
FBtr0302927
4997
1366
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0292052
134.2
1228
8.05
FBpp0292053
149.0
1366
6.63
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\L using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.32

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

virtual in situ hybridization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

L expression is observed in stage 14 embryos in the dorso-posterior part of the brain and in the anterior and posterior spiracles. Later, it is expressed in a segmentally-repeated pattern. Staining persists in the larval stages in the spiracles and brain. It is observed in leg disc but in other discs.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\L in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 45 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of L
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of L
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (51)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
9 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
0  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (23)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (9)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:L. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (33)
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    suppressible
    suppressible
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-71
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    51A2-51A4
    Left limit from inclusion within Df(2R)trix (FBrf0067338) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338);
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    51A1-51A2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (120)
    Genomic Clones (40)
    cDNA Clones (5)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Oaz mutant larvae show defects in the filzkorper of the posterior spiracles.

            L is required non-autonomously for ventral growth but not dorsal growth in the eye disc.

            A number of unstable mutations in the L locus have been induced by microinjection of Rous sarcoma virus cDNA.

            Variable reduction in eye size of heterozygotes and homozygotes as well as in homozygous viability, depending on allele. Most extreme allele, L2, exhibits reduced eyes in heterozygote and tiny eyes and poor viability in homozygote; classifiable in single dose in triploids (Schultz, 1934). L1/+ have slightly reduced eyes with nick in anterior edge and the lower half of eye reduced more than upper; overlaps wild type; eyes of homozygote much smaller and less variable; bipartite eyes occasionally formed. Lr shows weakest expression, with the heterozygote indistinguishable from wild type and the homozygote with small kidney-shaped eyes at 25oC, but overlapping wild type at 19oC. Tested alleles (L4, LB, Ld, Lr) exhibit reduced expression at 19oC compared to 25oC. Expression enhanced (L1, L2, L4) in combination with Minutes <up>M(2)58F, M(3)69E, RpS3</up> (Dunn and Coyne, 1935). Reduced numbers of cells enter into formation of eye discs (L2, L4, L5, Steinberg, 1944); reduced size of cephalic complex detectable in 24-hr larva, but subsequent growth rate is similar to wild type (L4, Medvedev, 1935; Medvedev, 1935).

            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: L Oaz

            Source for merge of: Oaz CG17388 CG17389

            Source for merge of: Oaz l(2)03563

            Additional comments

            FBrf0151277 reports that the L (Lobe) mutant complementation group corresponds to the CG10109 annotation (based on the ability of a CG10109 construct to rescue L mutant phenotypes and mapping of the lesion in a L mutant). However, FBrf0217295 reports that L does not correspond to the CG10109 annotation (based on the failure to of a CG10109 construct to rescue L mutant phenotypes and the viability of a L mutant allele over a deficiency that removes CG10109). The L (Lobe) mutant complementation group has been split out from the CG10109 annotation in FlyBase until this is resolved. Thus, in release 6.03 of the genome annotation, annotation CG46146 replaces CG10109 and is split from the Lobe (L) gene.

            The L[rev6-3] lethal allele is viable over a deficiency (Df(2R)ED2354) that removes the CG10109 gene and the lethality is not rescued by expression of a UAS-CG10109 line (P{UAS-PRAS40.C}), suggesting that the L complementation group does not correspond to CG10109.

            Annotations CG17390, CG17388, and CG17389 merged as CG42702 in release 5.26 of the genome annotation.

            "ne1" is probably an allele of "L".

            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Oaz CG17390

            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG17388
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0010518
            • FBgn0033940
            • FBgn0267825
            • FBgn0001332
            • FBgn0284250
            • FBgn0261613
            • FBgn0033939
            • FBgn0033937
            • FBgn0033938
            • FBgn0010544
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            References (160)