Mutation is predicted to produce a truncated protein that will lack part of the DEF box as well as the three highly conserved domains, DCB1, DCB2 and NCB.
Nucleotide substitution: G?A.
Amino acid replacement: W173term.
G13226308A
W241term | Dp-PA; W237term | Dp-PB; W213term | Dp-PC
follicle cell & nucleus
head & macrochaeta
heterochromatin & nurse cell, with Dphs.PD
nurse cell (with Df(2R)vg56)
nurse cell & actin filament | germ-line clone
ommatidium (with Dpa1)
thorax & macrochaeta
In wild-type animals, exposure to 40Gy of γ rays induces a distinct pattern of apoptosis in the wing disc, focussed on the the wing pouch, but excluding the DV boundary region and prospective vein. In Dpa4/Dpa2 animals, the same irradiation treatment induces a different pattern of apoptosis, a smaller number of apoptotic cells are clustered in the center of the wing pouch, many in the D-V boundary region or prospective veins. This new pattern of apoptosis is consistent over time and follows the same kinetics as in wild-type. Marker analysis suggests that patterning of the wing disc (including vein and D-V boundary specification) is normal in these animals.
Dpa2 animals partially rescued by Dphs.PD have rough eyes and are female sterile. Nurse cell heterochromatin is also increased. In Dpa2/Df(2R)vg56 egg chambers, unlike wild-type (where nurse cells undergo apoptosis during stages 12 to 13 and have degenerated by stage 14), degeneration of nurse cells is abnormal and occurs late if at all.
Females carrying homozygous germline clones are sterile. The females can produce some eggs, but at a rate far less than wild-type females. The eggs are all abnormal and do not develop. There is a highly penetrant chorion defect; the dorsal appendages are replaced with a single fused appendage. The fused appendage varies in length and shape (they are often short and wide) and in the degree of fusion; some appendages are fused only at the base, or are fused at the base and at the tips but not in the middle. The eggs are smaller than normal, with some only half normal size. Ovarioles containing homozygous germline clones contain homozygous mutant egg chambers that progress to the final stages of oogenesis and deposit chorion material around the oocyte. These late stage oocytes are much smaller than normal and the chorions are ventralised. Young egg chambers show an aberrant accumulation of actin in several brightly stained foci, which persist throughout oogenesis. Actin bundles do form in mutant nurse cells in late stage egg chambers, but their density is reduced compared to wild type. Mutant nurse cells fail to degenerate on schedule. Few if any stage 13 dumpless egg chambers contain TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei (in contrast to wild type). Approximately 26% of mutant egg chambers contain approximately double the normal number of nurse cell nuclei. Single oocytes with five ring canals are seen in some of these egg chambers, suggesting that an additional germline mitosis has occurred.
Hemizygous Dpa2 adults that are partly rescued from lethality by basal expression of Dphs.PD produce thin eggshells. Ovaries show abnormal patterns of BrdU incorporation during stage 10B and later stages. The follicle cell nuclei fail to initiate amplification in most egg chambers, while in some stage 10B egg chambers genomic replication rather than amplification is seen.
Disrupt G[[1]]-S transcription late in embryogenesis, DNA replication still occurs.
Hemizygotes exhibit kidney-shaped rough eyes, thin and short bristles on the thorax and head and severe abdominal abnormalities.
Dpa1/Dpa2 flies exhibit reduced eyes, missing and disorganised ommatidia, stunted, missing and disorganised bristles. Daily heat shocks of Dphs.PD rescued proliferation defects to normal looking eyes.
Dpa1/Dpa2 is a suppressor of abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype of RhebUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Dpa1/Dpa2 is a suppressor of abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype of MycUAS.cZa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Df(2R)vg-B/Dpa2 is a suppressor of abnormal developmental rate phenotype of E2f191/E2f1rM729
CycD2, Dpa2 has partially lethal | dominant phenotype
CycD1, Dpa2 has partially lethal | dominant phenotype
Dpa1/Dpa2, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, dapUAS.cdNa has abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype
Dpa1/Dpa2, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, Wee1UAS.cPa has abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype
Dpa1/Dpa2, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, Wee1UAS.cPa has cell lethal | partially phenotype
Dpa4/Dpa2 has wing disc | wandering third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)X14/+
Dpa4/Dpa2 has wing disc | wandering third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)XR38/+
Dpa4/Dpa2 has wing disc | wandering third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by DarkCD4/Ark[+]
Dpa1/Dpa2 is a suppressor of mitotic cell cycle phenotype of RhebUAS.cSa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Dpa1/Dpa2 is a suppressor of mitotic cell cycle phenotype of MycUAS.cZa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Dpa1/Dpa2, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, dapUAS.cdNa has mitotic cell cycle phenotype
Dpa1/Dpa2, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, Wee1UAS.cPa has mitotic cell cycle phenotype
Ectopic cell radiation induced cell death seen at the dorsal-ventral boundary in the wing discs of lated third instar Dpa4/Dpa2 animals is partially suppressed by Df(3L)X14/+, but not by Df(3L)XR38/+ or ArkCD4/+.
Cells expressing dapScer\UAS.cdNa driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP in a Dpa1/Dpa2 background, divide more slowly than controls. Cells expressing weeScer\UAS.cPa driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP in a Dpa1/Dpa2 background, divide more slowly than controls. These cells are also subviable.
Heat induced expression of E2f1hs.PD at 25[o]C fails to provide rescue of the mutant phenotype.