FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\drl[R343]

Branching of the α and β axons of the mushroom body occurs normally in the brains of drl²/drl^R343 animals, but the α axons extend inappropriately along the medial trajectory. Both the α and β axons show aberrant midline crossing.

drl^P1/drl^R343 mushroom body α axons can show either mistargeting or aberrant midline crossing, but not both phenotypes together.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl^R343 mutant brains exhibit aberrant antennal lobes, with the commissure between the lobes frequently lost. In drl^R343 mutants, many of the glomeruli are located in the periphery of the antennal lobe are rotated in a clockwise manner in the right antennal lobe.

The overall shape and DA1 glomerular pattern are normal in drl^R343 neuroblast clones originating from the anterior dorsal neuroblast. In contrast, the antennal lobes containing drl^R343 neuroblast clones derived from the lateral neuroblast display an abnormal shape and DA1 is shifted ventrally to the lateral side of VA1d in these antennal lobes. Neuroblast clones derived from the ventral neuroblast yield dendritic projections into DA1 that are often sparse or stunted. However, both the overall shape of the antennal lobe and the projections into most glomeruli are indistinguishable from wild-type.

The dendrites of single drl^R343 cells innervate DA1 normally.

The overall glomerular pattern is aberrant in drl^R343 mutants, with DM5 and VM2 located in abnormal positions in >60% of antennal lobes.

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

The salivary glands curve ventromedially towards the central nervous system in 40% of drl^R343 embryos, instead of lying parallel to the midline as in wild-type embryos. This abnormal curvature affects only the distal tip of the salivary gland. The defect is first seen at stage 14, at the time when the tip cells normally detach from the circular visceral mesoderm and associate with the longitudinal visceral mesoderm, and in the mutant embryos the salivary glands often do not maintain contact with the longitudinal visceral mesoderm, but instead curve ventromedially, often frequently adhering to the somatic mesoderm.

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

drl²/drl^R343 mutants display a complete loss of the dorsal lobes and a fusion of the median lobes over the midline. A few drl²/drl^R343 mutants display a milder phenotype with dorsal lobes shorter or thinner than normal and a partial fusion of the median lobes. All drl²/drl^R343 mutants have abnormal mushroom bodies.

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

Mutant embryos have disorganised commissures, anterior commissure project abnormally in the posterior commissures.

(Yoshikawa et al., 2003)

Muscles of the 21-23 group bypass their normal insertion sites near muscle 12 and project more ventrally in approximately 20% of hemisegments.

(Yoshikawa et al., 2001)

30% of the segments within the ventral nerve cord contain axons that project between the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure in homozygous embryos (this is not seen in wild-type embryos).

(Bonkowsky et al., 1999)

drl² adults have brain defects. Typically, the mushroom bodies peduncles look thinner than normal, the left and right β/γ lobes are fused and the α lobes are either missing or reduced. The β lobes appear thicker than normal. The fan-shaped body of the central complex is flattened, with abnormal fibres covering its dorsal part. The protocerebral bridge is split in two or more pieces. The optic lobes appear abnormal. drl^P3.765/drl^R343 adults have brain defects. The fan-shaped body is distorted on its dorsal side, where axonal structures replace cell bodies. The α lobes of the mushroom bodies are reduced and the β lobes are fused or juxtaposed. The transient interhemispheric ring (TIFR) - a transient ring of cell projections at the interhemispheric junction in the middle of the brain shows defects in drl^P3.765/drl^R343 old larvae and young pupae.

(Simon et al., 1998)

In 20% of hemisegments one or more muscles of the 21-23 group pass over their normal ventral attachment sites and appear to attach far more ventrally beyond muscle 13; the 'bypass' phenotype. An additional 10% of hemisegments have more subtle attachment defects where at least one muscle fails to attach within the ventral cluster.

(Callahan et al., 1996)

Homozygous embryos are sluggish and uncoordinated. drl^P3.765/drl^R343 transheterozygotes display a similar phenotype to drl^P3.765 homozygotes, drl neurons fail to form the distinctive DD and DV bundles when they have crossed the midline, in many segments drl neurons can be seen crossing one another and appear less organised within the anterior commissure.

(Callahan et al., 1995)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, enhanceable by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^AM29/Wnt5^GS1192

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

drl²/drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/Drl-2^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Scer\GAL4^AM29, Wnt5^GS1192, drl^R343 has abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl[+]/drl^R343 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is an enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 has antennal lobe phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^AM29/Wnt5^GS1192

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has olfactory receptor neuron phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^AM29/Wnt5^GS1192

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has glomerulus phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4^AM29/Wnt5^GS1192

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has antennal lobe phenotype, enhanceable by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has glomerulus phenotype, enhanceable by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has olfactory receptor neuron phenotype, enhanceable by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has presumptive embryonic salivary gland phenotype, enhanceable by fz¹

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

drl²/drl^R343 has adult mushroom body alpha-lobe phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/Drl-2^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Scer\GAL4^AM29, Wnt5^GS1192, drl^R343 has antennal lobe phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Scer\GAL4^AM29, Wnt5^GS1192, drl^R343 has olfactory receptor neuron phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has antennal lobe phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has glomerulus phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has antennal lobe glomerulus DA1 phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has antennal lobe glomerulus VA1 phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has olfactory receptor neuron phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^repo.PU

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Scer\GAL4^AM29, Wnt5^GS1192, drl^R343 has glomerulus phenotype, suppressible by Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 has somatic muscle cell | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by dnt^ap.ME4

(Oates et al., 1998)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl[+]/drl^R343 is an enhancer of larval EW neuron phenotype of fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is an enhancer of larval posterior commissure phenotype of fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is an enhancer of larval longitudinal connective phenotype of fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is an enhancer of antennal lobe phenotype of Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 is an enhancer of glomerulus phenotype of Drl-2^E124

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 is an enhancer of presumptive embryonic salivary gland phenotype of fz¹

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval EW neuron phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval posterior commissure phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval longitudinal connective phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval EW neuron phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval posterior commissure phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-enhancer of larval longitudinal connective phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval EW neuron phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval posterior commissure phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval longitudinal connective phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval EW neuron phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval posterior commissure phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

drl[+]/drl^R343 is a non-suppressor of larval longitudinal connective phenotype of fra⁶/fra³

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Expression of Drl-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 partially rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

A drl^R343 homo or heterozygous background does not affect the level EW axon midline crossing defects found in fra³/fra⁶ hypomorphic mutants.

A drl^R343 heterozygous background enhances the percentage of fra³ mutant embryonic segments containg EW axon crossing defects.

(O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013)

Expression of Drl-2^Scer\UAS.cSa in drl^R343 mutants (under the control of Scer\GAL4^repo.PU) results in suppression of the drl^R343 phenotype, with the overall glomerular pattern restored and DM5 and VM2 glomeruli found in their normal positions in over 80% of antennal lobes.

Double mutant drl^R343 Drl-2^E124 flies frequently lack the commissure between antennal lobes and often exhibit repositioning of glomeruli in a clockwise manner.

Overexpression of Wnt5^GS1192 in drl^R343 mutant ORNs (under the control of Scer\GAL4^AM29) severely affects axonal projections; ORN axons target ectopic regions near the original antennal lobe positions, enhancing the drl^R343 mutant phenotype. This enhancement is ameliorated through the loss of Drl-2 in Drl-2^E124 mutants. ORN axons project to the normal antennal lobe positions in these triple mutants. The glomerular pattern is similar to that of drl^R343 Drl-2^E124 double mutants.

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

The salivary glands of Wnt5^D7 ; drl^R343 double homozygous embryos show the same phenotype with similar penetrance as that seen in either of the single mutants alone.

Wnt5^D7 ; drl^R343 and Drl-2^E124 ; drl^R343 double heterozygotes show salivary gland guidance defects; the salivary glands curve ventromedially towards the central nervous system, instead of lying parallel to the midline as in wild-type embryos.

drl^R343 ; fz¹ double mutants have a higher penetrance of salivary gland curving than is seen in either of the single mutants alone.

drl^R343 ; Src64B^PI double heterozygotes show salivary gland guidance defects; the tips of the salivary glands curve ventromedially towards the central nervous system, instead of lying parallel to the midline as in wild-type embryos.

The salivary glands of drl^R343 ; Src64B^PI double homozygous embryos show a similar frequency of guidance defects as that seen in either of the single mutants alone.

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

The muscle defects of drl^R343 embryos are partially rescued by dnt^ap.ME4.

(Oates et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

drl²

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

Rescued by

drl^R343 is rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^fkh.PZ

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

drl^R343 is rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

drl^R343 is rescued by drl^ap.ME4

(Yoshikawa et al., 2001)

drl^R343 is rescued by drl^K371A.ap.ME4

(Yoshikawa et al., 2001)

Partially rescued by

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^UAS.Tag:MYC

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^{Δcyto.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^K371A.UAS

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^{Δintra.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^7B

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

drl²/drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^c739

(Moreau-Fauvarque et al., 1998)

drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^ap.ME4

(Callahan et al., 1996)

drl^R343 is partially rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^D82

(Callahan et al., 1996)

Not rescued by

drl²/drl^R343 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247/drl^{ΔWIF.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl²/drl^R343 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^elav-C155/drl^{ΔTBC.UAS.Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

drl^R343 is not rescued by drl^UAS.cCa/Scer\GAL4^GH146

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

drl^R343 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^fkh.PZ/drl^{Δi.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

Comments

Expression of drl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in more than 80% of drl²/drl^R343 flies, and the level of rescue is not affected if Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 is also present.

Expression of drl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU significantly rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{Δcyto.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 rescues the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in more than 80% of drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{ΔWIF.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 does not rescue the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

Expression of drl^{ΔTBC.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Mef2.mb247 does not rescue the formation of the mushroom body α lobe in drl²/drl^R343 flies.

(Reynaud et al., 2015)

Expression of drl^Scer\UAS.cCa driven by Scer\GAL4^GH146 fails to restore the DA1 position phenotype found in drl^R343 mutant brains.

(Sakurai et al., 2009)

Pan-neural expression of two copies of drl^Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 rescues the phenotype of drl²/drl^R343, with 68% of the mushroom bodies reverting to a wild-type phenotype. Expression of drl^{K371A.Scer\UAS} and drl^{Δintra.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 can completely rescue the mushroom body phenotype of drl²/drl^R343 in 30% and 19% of the cases respectively.

(Taillebourg et al., 2005)

Two copies of P{UAS-drl}i show nearly complete rescue of the 'bypass' phenotype. Scer\GAL4^D82 induced expression of drl^Scer\UAS.cCa partially rescues the 'bypass' phenotype. Two copies of P{ME4-drl} completely rescue the 'bypass' phenotype.

(Callahan et al., 1996)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

64346

w¹¹¹⁸; P{3'etau-lacZ}drl^R343/CyO

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

drl^Def

(Simon et al., 1998)

drl^R343

(Nemoto et al., 2023, Clarembaux-Badell et al., 2022, Reynaud et al., 2015, O'Donnell and Bashaw, 2013, Sakurai et al., 2009, Harris and Beckendorf, 2007)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (17)

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