FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\if[B4]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\if^B4

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0039417

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\if

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

gamma ray

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Brown, 1994)

loss of function allele

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Mutagen

gamma ray

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Brown, 1994)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Brown, 1994)

Description

1036 bp has been deleted from intron 8 and 577bp deleted from exon 9. The exon 9 splice acceptor is lost, and most of the potential cryptic splice acceptors would result in a frameshift and premature termination.

(Brown, 1994)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

deletion

X:16,756,539..16,758,151 [-]

Comment:

Reported as a deletion in the if gene encompassing 1036 bases of intron 8 and 577 bases of exon 9.

(Brown, 1994)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

(Brower et al., 1995)

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997, Brown, 1994)

some die during embryonic stage

(Brower et al., 1995)

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997, Brown, 1994)

visible | dominant

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal 2 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

abdominal 3 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

abdominal 4 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

abdominal 5 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

abdominal 6 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

abdominal 7 segment border muscle cell

(Brown, 1994)

anterior midgut primordium

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Roote and Zusman, 1995)

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal

(Brower et al., 1995)

embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997, Brown, 1994)

embryonic/larval proventriculus | embryonic stage

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval somatic muscle cell

(Zervas et al., 2001, Bloor and Brown, 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997, Brown, 1994)

embryonic/larval visceral muscle cell

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

embryonic/larval visceral tracheal branch

(Boube et al., 2001)

embryonic midgut constriction

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

gastric caecum

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997, Brown, 1994)

gastric caecum primordium

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Bloor and Brown, 1998, Brown, 1994)

mitotic domain 1 | extended germ band stage

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

muscle attachment site & basal lamina

(Prokop et al., 1998)

muscle attachment site & connecting hemi-adherens junction

(Prokop et al., 1998)

muscle attachment site & muscle tendon junction

(Prokop et al., 1998)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 3 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 4 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 5 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 6 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral longitudinal muscle 1

(Brown, 1994)

presumptive embryonic/larval digestive system

(Martin-Bermudo and Brown, 1999)

proventriculus inner layer

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

salivary gland common duct primordium

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

somatic muscle cell

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998, Roote and Zusman, 1995)

visceral mesoderm

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999, Roote and Zusman, 1995)

wing

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

if^B4 follicle cell clones do not display any defects. In some cases, all follicle cells are mutant for if^B4, and the oocyte is still normally elongated.

(Delon and Brown, 2009)

In mutant embryos, the visceral branches of the tracheal system are shorter than wild-type, though fine branches still exist. During development, they reach and contact the visceral mesoderm, but do not migrate along the mesoderm.

(Boube et al., 2001)

Muscles are detached in stage 17 mutant embryos and are rounded up or spindle shaped. Detachment of the muscle plasma membrane from the extracellular matrix-containing attachment site is seen, although the muscle actin filaments are still anchored to the membrane.

(Zervas et al., 2001)

The continuous layer of visceral mesoderm that normally surrounds the gut is severely disrupted in homozygous embryos.

(Martin-Bermudo and Brown, 1999)

Endodermal midgut cells of homozygous embryos show a modest delay of approximately 30 minutes in midgut migration, so that anterior and posterior midgut cells do not contact each other until stage 13 when wild-type cells have already fused. The endodermal cells still send projections towards the visceral mesoderm, as in wild type. The arrangement of the visceral mesoderm cells is abnormal in homozygous embryos.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

Embryos exhibit normal epidermis and resultant secreted cuticle, defects lie in internal tissues. Somatic muscle detach and round up. Gut morphogenesis is defective: anterior midgut does not become a slender tube and only two fat gastric caecae are formed. The ventral nerve cord does not fully condense. Mitotic clones in the wing produce bubbles.

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Homozygous embryos show a muscle detachment phenotype. The gut musculature is severely disrupted, the proventriculus is abnormal with the inner layer having been pulled out, and only two blunt gastric caecae are seen.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

Attachment of muscles to the epidermis is disturbed in stage 16 homozygous embryos. The majority of connecting hemiadherens junctions (HAJs) are detached from their partner in stage 17 embryos, and the tendon HAJs detach from the tendon matrix. The tendon matrix is detached from both the muscle and epidermal cells in these embryos. The basement membrane is closely apposed to the epidermal HAJs. The basement membrane is detached from 50% of focal HAJs.

(Prokop et al., 1998)

Hemizygous embryos have detached somatic muscles. The midgut remains as a large sac in stage 17 hemizygous embryos, and only two blunt gastric caecae are present.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Small clones (fewer than 150 cells) in the wing are often wild type or have a weak phenotype, even if on the ventral surface.

(Brabant et al., 1996)

Dorsal herniation is observed in homozygotes but not in double mutant combinations with mew^H7, mew^M6, mew⁴⁹⁸ and mew⁸¹. Clones in the eye do not exhibit photoreceptor disorganisation.

(Brower et al., 1995)

Clonal analysis reveals that lack of if has no discernible effect on germ cell development. Mutant embryos show a distinct and reproducible separation between the ectodermal and mesodermal tissue layers of the germband, though the separation is not complete. Midgut primordia meet and initiate fusion at least 1 to 2 hours after wild type embryos would. Visceral mesoderm shows gaps and irregularities. Midgut constrictions partially form.

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

Midgut constrictions form normally, but defects become evident when the gut elongates, when the visceral muscle detaches and forms clumps. Only two, broad gastric caecae form. The proventriculus is normal. The anterior portion of the midgut remains large, resulting in a spherical yolk-filled sac at the anterior of the midgut, though the posterior end narrows in diameter. By the end of stage 16 a few muscle detach, generally lateral longitudinal muscle muscles 4, 12 and transverse muscle 8. The ventral nerve cord only partially contracts.

(Brown, 1994)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by if::mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by if::mew^UAS.cMBb/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/mew^UAS.cMBb

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 has lethal | recessive | embryonic stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^how-24B/mew^UAS.cMBb

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

if^B4 has muscle attachment site & basal lamina phenotype, enhanceable by mew^unspecified

(Prokop et al., 1998)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

if³/if^B4 has wing phenotype, non-enhanceable by pot[+]/pot^P3

(Walsh and Brown, 1998)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

if^B4 has embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 has gastric caecum phenotype, suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

if^B4 has visceral mesoderm phenotype, non-suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

if^B4 has ventral longitudinal muscle cell phenotype, non-suppressible by mew^UAS.cMBa/Scer\GAL4^how-24B

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Other

Statement

Reference

Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, if^B4, mew^UAS.cMBa has follicle cell | somatic clone phenotype

(Delon and Brown, 2009)

Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, if^B4, mew^UAS.cMBa has stress fiber | somatic clone phenotype

(Delon and Brown, 2009)

if^B4, mew^M6 has embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage phenotype

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

LanA^9-32, if^B4 has muscle attachment site & basal lamina phenotype

(Prokop et al., 1998)

if^B4, mew^unspecified has muscle attachment site phenotype

(Prokop et al., 1998)

if^B4, mew⁴⁹⁸ has somatic muscle cell phenotype

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

if^B4, mew^M6 has somatic muscle cell phenotype

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

if^B4, mew⁰²³ has somatic muscle cell phenotype

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Expression of mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} in if^B4 follicle cell clones (using the MARCM method) results in a delay in the developmental reorientation of stress fibres.

(Delon and Brown, 2009)

mys¹⁰ if^B4 double mutant embryos show dorsal herniation.

(Jannuzi et al., 2002)

Some muscles in if^B4 Df(2R)en^E embryos have abnormal free ends.

(Martin-Bermudo and Brown, 2000)

The midgut phenotype is enhanced in if^B4 mew^M6 double mutant embryos. Expression of mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} under the control of both Scer\GAL4^twi.PG and Scer\GAL4^how-24B fails to rescue the visceral mesoderm phenotype of if^B4 embryos. if^B4 scb² double mutant embryos show no difference in midgut development compared to if^B4 single mutant embryos.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

if^B4 mew^unspecified double mutant embryos have a more severe muscle detachment phenotype than if^B4 single mutant embryos. The basement membrane detaches or fails to assemble in epidermal HAJs in these embryos. if^B4 LanA^9-32 double mutant embryos show each of the defects seen in if^B4 or LanA^9-32 single mutant embryos, and in addition show loss of basement membrane adhesion to the epidermal HAJs.

(Prokop et al., 1998)

The frequency of wing blisters seen in if³/if^B4 flies is not dominantly enhanced by pot^P3.

(Walsh and Brown, 1998)

The embryonic lethality of if^B4 homozygotes is fully rescued by if::mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa}, expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The embryonic lethality of if^B4 homozygotes is not rescued by mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} or mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBb} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B, although it is rescued in approximately 1/3 of cases by mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} or mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBb} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The embryonic lethality of if^B4 homozygotes is rescued in approximately 1/3 of cases by if::mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBb} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The detached muscle phenotype is partially rescued by mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. Muscles in these partially rescued embryos appear spindle shaped rather than rectangular, and gaps are therefore seen between the ends of the ventral longitudinal muscles.Scer\GAL4^twi.PG if^B4/+ ; Scer\GAL4^how-24B mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} embryos have normal muscle attachments. The midgut phenotype is partially rescued by mew^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Double mutants for mew and if have a midgut phenotype as severe as that of mys mutants. Muscles detach, but later in development than in mys mutants. Dorsal hole and U-shaped cuticle of mys mutants are not observed in mew or if mutants. Double mutants between mew⁴⁹⁸, mew⁰²³ or mew^M6 and if^k27e or if^B4 do not show the twisted germband, amnioserosal detachment, dorsal movement of germband, dorsal hole and U-shaped embryo phenotypes of mys mutants, but do show early muscle detachments, as seen for mys mutants.

(Roote and Zusman, 1995)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Complements

if³

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Fails to complement

if^13ts

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if¹⁷

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if²¹

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^2B1

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if³⁵

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^C2B

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^C4D

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^SEF

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if³

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Rescued by

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^btl.PS/if^UAS.cMBa

(Boube et al., 2001)

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^UAS.cMBa

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

if^B4 is rescued by if^+tBa

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^B4 is rescued by if^minigene

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^UAS.cMBa

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^C.UAS

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^UAS.cMBa

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^m8.UAS

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

if^B4 is rescued by if^+t39

(Brown, 1994)

Partially rescued by

if^B4 is partially rescued by if^minigene

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

if^B4 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^Δcyt.UAS

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

if^B4 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^twi.PG/Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^ΔGFFNR.UAS

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

if^B4 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^how-24B/if^UAS.cMBa

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Not rescued by

if^B4 is not rescued by if^ΔGFFNR

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

Comments

if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} rescues the visceral mesoderm defects of if^B4 embryos when expressed under the control of both Scer\GAL4^twi.PG and Scer\GAL4^how-24B.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

Embryonic lethality, the muscle detachment phenotype, and the proventriculus and gastric caeca defects are completely rescued by if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed under the control of both Scer\GAL4^how-24B and Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. Embryonic lethality is almost completely rescued by if^{ΔGFFNR.Scer\UAS} expressed under the control of both Scer\GAL4^how-24B and Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The muscle detachment phenotype is almost completely rescued in these embryos, with just one muscle detached in 15% of the embryos. Ectopic muscle attachment sites are seen in some of these embryos. The gastric caeca defect is completely rescued in these embryos, and the visceral mesoderm is only mildly disrupted. The proventriculus defect is not rescued. Embryonic lethality is not rescued by if^{Δcyt.Scer\UAS} expressed under the control of both Scer\GAL4^how-24B and Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The muscle detachment phenotype is rescued in these embryos. However, the transverse muscles appear broader at their tips than normal, and the ventral lateral muscles form ectopic muscle attachments with the ventral acute muscles in many of the embryos, usually in segments A2 to A5. The gastric caeca defect is completely rescued in these embryos, and the visceral mesoderm is only mildly disrupted. The proventriculus defect is not rescued.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1998)

The embryonic lethality of if^B4 homozygotes is fully rescued by if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B, although the larvae produced die before pupation. The embryonic lethality of if^B4 homozygotes is fully rescued by if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa}, if^C.Scer\UAS or if^m8.Scer\UAS expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The detached muscle phenotype is fully rescued by if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG. The midgut phenotype is fully rescued by if^{Scer\UAS.cMBa} expressed using Scer\GAL4^how-24B in conjunction with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1997)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

99947

y¹ if^B4 P{neoFRT}19A/FM6, y⁺

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Selected as: F1 screen for mutations that fail to complement if³.

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Comments

Class 0 mutation.

(Bloor and Brown, 1998)

Embryos mutant for if both zygotically and maternally undergo germ band retraction normally and form a normal epidermis.

(Brown, 1994)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (1)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

if^B4

(Richier et al., 2018, Zervas et al., 2011, Delon and Brown, 2009, Inoue and Hayashi, 2007, Tanentzapf et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (27)

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