FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\trx[1]

trx¹ is associated with an approximately 9kb insert in the region encoding the first intron of trx. This mutant appears to encode normal trx protein, that is produced in reduced amounts.

(Breen, 1999)

9kb insertion upstream of the coding region, possibly a novel mobile element.

(Chinwalla et al., 1995)

9.2kb insertion of unknown DNA within intron.

(Breen and Harte, 1991)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

insertion

3R:14,279,281..14,281,763 [-]

Linked to:

EcoRI-EcoRI restriction fragment

Comment:

position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator

(Breen and Harte, 1991)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^Q93.ex1.UAS

(Song et al., 2018)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

homeotic

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

homeotic | adult stage

(Shaheen et al., 2021, Umer et al., 2019)

lethal | heat sensitive

(Breen and Harte, 1991)

viable

(Breen, 1999)

viable | heat sensitive

(Breen et al., 1995)

visible | adult stage | dominant

(Bi et al., 2022)

visible | dominant | homeotic

(Breen, 1999)

visible | homeotic

(Ragab, 2006)

visible | homeotic (with trx^B11)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

visible | homeotic (with trx^E2)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

visible | recessive

(Shearn, 1989)

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal segment

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

abdominal tergite 5 | male

(Breen, 1999)

abdominal tergite 6 | male

(Breen, 1999)

abdominal tergite 7

(Breen, 1999)

adult

(Breen, 1999)

adult abdominal segment

(Shaheen et al., 2021)

adult abdominal segment 4

(Umer et al., 2019)

adult abdominal segment 5

(Umer et al., 2019)

haltere

(Lagarou et al., 2008, Ragab, 2006, Breen, 1999)

haltere | ectopic (with trx^B11)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

haltere | ectopic (with trx^E2)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

metathoracic laterotergite

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Bi et al., 2022)

wing (with trx^B11)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

wing (with trx^E2)

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

wing | ectopic

(Ragab, 2006)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

trx¹ heterozygous adults show occasional homeotic transformation in the abdomen (A5 to A4 transformation, indicated by loss of pigmentation in A5).

(Umer et al., 2019)

Heterozygous adults display transformation of the fifth abdominal segment towards the likelihood of A5, and frequently show a partial haltere-to-wing transformation.

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

trx¹ flies show a haltere to wing transformation.

(Ragab, 2006)

trx¹/trx^B11 flies show transformations of wing to haltere; 49% show strong transformation, 34% show weak transformation and 16% show no transformation.

trx¹/trx^E2 flies show transformations of wing to haltere; 57% show strong transformation, 34% show weak transformation and 9% show no transformation.

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

Homozygotes show homeotic transformation phenotypes. They show an average of 7.16 transformations/fly (males were scored for a possible 29 transformations, females were scored for a possible 26 transformations). These phenotypes have an increased penetrance at 25^oC. 0.8% of heterozygous adults show at least one transformation phenotype. trx¹ in combination with other trx alleles produces patchy transformations that occur most frequently in anterior compartments. trx¹/trx^red-P6 hemizygotes show phenotypes that suggest decreased Scr function (transformation of T1 structures to a T2 identity), decreased Ubx function (transformation of T3 to T2), decreased abd-A function (transformation of A2-A7 to A1) and decreased Abd-B function (transformation of posterior abdominal segments to more anterior abdominal identities). Scr group transformations include the development of mesothoracic tibial preapical bristles or mesothoracic tibial apical bristles on the prothoracic tibia, reduced numbers of sex comb teeth (in males), development of sternopleural bristles or katepisternal bristles on the T1 segment. Ubx group transformations include haltere to wing, metathoracic laterotergite to scutum, the development of T3 sternopleural bristles, mesothoracic tibial preapical bristles or mesothoracic tibial apical bristles on the metathoracic tibia. abd-A group transformations include, the development of A1 type bristles on abdominal tergites 2. Abd-B group transformations include, the pigmentation of abdominal tergites 5 to 6 in males, and enlargement of abdominal tergite 7.

(Breen, 1999)

Loss of trx in en^F4 flies enhances the wing phenotype; severe disruption to posterior wing development. These flies are also female sterile.

(Breen et al., 1995)

Temperature shift experiments reveal temperature sensitive period is prior to gastrulation.

(Breen and Harte, 1991)

Transformation of the posterior abdominal segments to anterior abdominal segments.

(Shearn, 1989)

Flies homozygous for trx¹ show a variety of partial homeotic transformations <up>ventral prothorax and metathorax to mesothorax and second to seventh abdominal segments to first abdominal segment (Ingham and Whittle, 1980)</up>. Penetrance of the transformation phenotype is stronger in hemizygotes than homozygotes and increases as the temperature is raised from 18^oC to 25^oC. At the higher temperature, the penetrance of the mutant offspring of trx¹/trx¹ females is almost 100%, while mutant offspring of trx¹/+ females show only about 50% penetrance. The temperature-sensitive period occurs prior to hatching. Ingham (1980) noted the following abnormalities in extreme trx¹ mutants: (1) Extra bristles between humerus and coxa and on the distal tibia of the first leg; (2) Similar changes on the third leg; (3) Loss or reduction of transverse bristle rows, and, in males, decrease in number of sex comb teeth on the first leg; (4) Replacement of halter disk derivatives by wing blade, notal and scutellar structures; (5) Rotated genitalia and abnormal tergite pigmentation in male flies. 75% of heterozygotes with a red^- deletion or with the lethal allele trx³ are lethal, either as larvae or pupae (Ingham, 1981); the heterozygotes that survive show cuticular transformations of the ventral prothorax and the metathorax, an extra mesonotum developing posterior to the normal one and anteriorly-directed abdominal transformations (Ingham, 1985a). recessive; viable in homozygotes

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has visible | adult stage | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by CtBP[+]/CtBP^87De-10

(Bi et al., 2022)

trx¹ has visible | adult stage | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)Exel8157/+

(Bi et al., 2022)

trx¹ has homeotic | adult stage phenotype, enhanceable by enok¹/enok[+]

(Umer et al., 2019)

trx¹ has homeotic | adult stage phenotype, enhanceable by enok[+]/enok²

(Umer et al., 2019)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has homeotic | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by CCT7^KG01477

(Shaheen et al., 2021)

trx¹ has homeotic | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by CCT7^KG09501

(Shaheen et al., 2021)

trx¹ has homeotic phenotype, suppressible by Kdm2^KG04325/Kdm2[+]

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

trx¹ has homeotic phenotype, suppressible by Kdm2^EY01336/Kdm2[+]

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

trx¹ has homeotic phenotype, suppressible by Kdm2[+]/Kdm2^DG12810

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

trx^E2/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921

(Ragab, 2006)

trx^E2/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has visible | homeotic phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is an enhancer of visible | homeotic phenotype of Dsp1¹

(Decoville et al., 2001)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\SMARCAL1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Marcal1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of abnormal eye color phenotype of Hsap\MECP2^R294X.UAS, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

(Cukier et al., 2008)

trx¹ is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of BEAF-32^UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

(Yamaguchi et al., 2001)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of visible | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\SMARCAL1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of visible | adult stage phenotype of Marcal1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of abnormal eye color phenotype of Hsap\MECP2^R294X.UAS, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

(Cukier et al., 2008)

trx¹ is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of BEAF-32^UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

(Yamaguchi et al., 2001)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has tergite phenotype, enhanceable by CtBP[+]/CtBP^87De-10

(Bi et al., 2022)

trx¹ has tergite phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)Exel8157/+

(Bi et al., 2022)

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment 4 phenotype, enhanceable by enok¹/enok[+]

(Umer et al., 2019)

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment 5 phenotype, enhanceable by enok¹/enok[+]

(Umer et al., 2019)

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment 5 phenotype, enhanceable by enok[+]/enok²

(Umer et al., 2019)

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment 4 phenotype, enhanceable by enok[+]/enok²

(Umer et al., 2019)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment phenotype, suppressible by CCT7^KG01477

(Shaheen et al., 2021)

trx¹ has adult abdominal segment phenotype, suppressible by CCT7^KG09501

(Shaheen et al., 2021)

trx^E2/trx¹ has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B^87Bg-6

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, suppressible | partially by Pp1-87B[+]/Pp1-87B¹

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

trx¹ has haltere phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921

(Ragab, 2006)

trx¹ has wing | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(2R)ED3921

(Ragab, 2006)

trx^B11/trx¹ has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^B11/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

trx^E2/trx¹ has haltere | ectopic phenotype, non-suppressible by Pp1-87B^UAS.Tag:HA/Scer\GAL4^arm.PS

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Hsap\MECP2^UAS.FL, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

(Cukier et al., 2008)

trx[+]/trx¹ is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Hsap\MECP2^Δ166.UAS, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

(Cukier et al., 2008)

trx[+]/trx¹ is an enhancer of wing | ectopic phenotype of Dsp1¹

(Decoville et al., 2001)

trx[+]/trx¹ is an enhancer of haltere phenotype of Dsp1¹

(Decoville et al., 2001)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of wing vein | adult stage phenotype of Marcal1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of wing vein | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\SMARCAL1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-enhancer of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of Snr1^E1

(Marenda et al., 2004)

trx¹ is a non-enhancer of eye phenotype of BEAF-32^UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

(Yamaguchi et al., 2001)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

trx¹ is a suppressor of eye phenotype of CycE^JP

(Brumby et al., 2002)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of wing vein | adult stage phenotype of Marcal1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of wing vein | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\SMARCAL1^UAS.cBa, Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

trx[+]/trx¹ is a non-suppressor of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of Snr1^E1

(Marenda et al., 2004)

trx¹ is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of BEAF-32^UAS.cYa, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

(Yamaguchi et al., 2001)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The formation of ectopic wing veins observed in adult flies expressing Marcal1^Scer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4^tub.PU is not affected by combination with a single copy of trx¹.

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

The frequency of homeotic transformations is strikingly reduced in flies transheterozygous for trx¹ and Kdm2^KG04325, Kdm2^EY01336 or Kdm2^DG12810, compared to flies heterozygous for trx¹ alone.

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

Df(2R)ED3921 fails to suppress the haltere to wing transformation of trx¹ flies.

(Ragab, 2006)

Pp1-87B^87Bg-6 dominantly suppresses the transformation of wing to haltere seen in trx¹/trx^E2 flies; 36% show strong transformation, 42% show weak transformation and 22% show no transformation.

Pp1-87B¹ dominantly suppresses the transformation of wing to haltere seen in trx¹/trx^E2 flies; 31% show strong transformation, 39% show weak transformation and 30% show no transformation.

Pp1-87B^87Bg-6 dominantly suppresses the transformation of wing to haltere seen in trx¹/trx^B11 flies; 28% show strong transformation, 29% show weak transformation and 43% show no transformation.

Pp1-87B¹ dominantly suppresses the transformation of wing to haltere seen in trx¹/trx^B11 flies; 27% show strong transformation, 24% show weak transformation and 49% show no transformation.

Expression of Pp1-87B^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1} under the control of Scer\GAL4^arm.PS has no effect on the transformation of wing to haltere seen in trx¹/trx^E2 and trx¹/trx^B11 flies.

(Rudenko et al., 2003)

Mutant suppresses the CycE^JP eye rough phenotype.

(Brumby et al., 2002)

The frequency of transformation of halteres into wings seen in Dsp1¹/Y flies is enhanced by trx¹/+.

(Decoville et al., 2001)

Has little or no effect on the phenotype of E2f^GMR.PD Dp^GMR.PD BacA\p35^GMR.PH flies.

(Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The formation of ectopic wing veins observed in adult flies expressing Hsap\SMARCAL1^Scer\UAS.cBa under the control of Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096 is not affected by combination with a single copy of trx¹.

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

Complementation and Rescue Data

Partially complements

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

(Breen, 1999)

Comments

Partial complementation between hypomorphs produced phenotypes that were weaker than either of the hemizygous or homozygous phenotypes, either rescuing lethality or producing a weaker homeotic transformation phenotype. Transformations range from an average of 0.01 to 4.82 transformations/fly (males were scored for a possible 29 transformations, females were scored for a possible 26 transformations) in different allelic combinations.

(Breen, 1999)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

2114

106667

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Ingham.

Comments

The following alleles form a series of progressively increasing penetrance and expressivity of phenotype when in transheterozygous combination with trx¹ : trx^M17 > trx^Z32 > trx^Z16 > trx^Z11 > trx^M18 = trx^JY16 > trx^E3.

(Breen, 1999)

Weak trx allele.

(Breen and Harte, 1991)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Trx⁰¹

(Vasanthi et al., 2013)

trx¹

(Bi et al., 2022, Cheng et al., 2022, Shaheen et al., 2021, Umer et al., 2019, Song et al., 2018, McCracken and Locke, 2016, Kim et al., 2015, Lee and Spradling, 2014, Ji et al., 2012, Bhatia et al., 2010, Lamiable et al., 2010, Tie et al., 2009, Fujioka et al., 2008, Lagarou et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2005, Rudenko et al., 2003, Hirose et al., 2001)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (42)

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