FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\loqs
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\loqs
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
loquacious
Annotation Symbol
CG6866
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0032515
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
loquacious (loqs) encodes a double-stranded RNA binding protein with multiple splicing isoforms. loqs-PB and loqs-PA associate with the product of Dcr-1 to facilitate processing of precursor miRNA into mature miRNA, whereas loqs-PD interacts with the product of Dcr-2 to enhance processing of dsRNA into siRNA. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

R3D1, Loqs-PD, TRBP, R3D1-S, R3D1-L

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:13382652..13385671
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dcr-1; FB:FBgn0039016
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dcr-1; FB:FBgn0039016
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in siRNA processing
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in siRNA processing
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:loqs; FB:FBgn0032515
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
part_of RISC complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN005287422
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
loquacious (loqs) encodes a double-stranded RNA binding protein with multiple splicing isoforms. loqs-PB and loqs-PA associate with the product of Dcr-1 to facilitate processing of precursor miRNA into mature miRNA, whereas loqs-PD interacts with the product of Dcr-2 to enhance processing of dsRNA into siRNA. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
miRNA RISC LOADING COMPLEX -
The miRNA-RISC loading complex binds microRNA (miRNA) and loads it onto AGO1 to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). (Adapted from FBrf0215456.)
ALTERNATIVE siRNA RISC-LOADING COMPLEX -
The alternative siRNA-RISC loading complex (aRLC) has been characterised in S2 cells. In the aRLC, loqs replaces r2d2 as the double-stranded RNA-binding domain-containing protein. siRNA RISC-loading complex binds small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) siRNA and loads it onto AGO2 to form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). (Adapted from FBrf0237457.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a component of a functional pre-miRNA processing complex - stimulates and directs pre-microRNA processing activity - a Dicer-1 partner that enhances miRNA processing from hairpins with unstable structures at the dicing site

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\loqs for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VJY9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0080497
1879
419
FBtr0080498
2017
465
FBtr0100220
2147
383
FBtr0303269
1334
359
FBtr0342632
1876
418
FBtr0342633
2014
464
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0080075
44.9
419
8.36
FBpp0080076
50.1
465
9.25
FBpp0099590
41.1
383
8.80
FBpp0292361
38.5
359
8.11
FBpp0309561
44.7
418
8.14
FBpp0309562
50.0
464
9.10
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q9VJY9)
Domain

RNA-binding DRBM domains 1 and 2 bind dsRNA while DRBM 3 binds Dcr-1 (PubMed:29040648, PubMed:34590626, PubMed:36182693). The RNA-binding DRBM 1 and 2 domains are able to bind dsRNA independently (PubMed:34590626). The DRBM domains appears to bind to the RNA duplex and then slide along the siRNA helix to the ends of the siRNA (PubMed:29040648). The DRBMs display a preference for binding to the more thermodynamically stable ends of the siRNA which is enhanced by interaction with Dcr-2 (PubMed:29040648). This suggests that the domains may also function to pre-orientate the guide strand prior to loading into the (AGO2)-containing RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC) (PubMed:29040648). Both of the DRBM 1 and 2 domains are required for optimal Dcr-2 mediated cleavage of 3' overhanging termini (3'ovr) dsRNAs, whereas only the DRBM 3 domain appears to be necessary for Dcr-2 mediated cleavage of blunt termini (BLT) dsRNAs (PubMed:28874570).

(UniProt, Q9VJY9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\loqs using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.98

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:loqs; FB:FBgn0032515
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\loqs in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of loqs
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of loqs
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (14)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
3  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
5  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (15)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (15)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (11)
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (17)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:loqs. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
4 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Homodimer.
    (UniProt, Q9VJY9 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-48
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    34B9-34B9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k00302k00302 and P{PZ}kuz03782&P{lacW}kuzk14817
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (21)
    Genomic Clones (10)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (77)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
      Other Comments

      loqs acts primarily to process exogenous dsRNA.

      Production of endogenous siRNAs depends on the loqs-PD isoform.

      The loqs-PD isoform is capable of associating with the Dcr-2 protein, but not with the Dcr-1 protein. The loqs-PB and loqs-PA isoforms can associate with the Dcr-1 protein, and also to some extent with Dcr-2 protein.

      Production of endogenous siRNAs depends on the loqs-PD isoform, whereas production of mature microRNAs from the pre-miRNA precursor requires the loqs-PB isoform.

      The loqs-PB isoform, and to a lesser extent the loqs-PA isoform, is capable of associating with the Dcr-1 protein. The loqs-PD isoform is capable of associating with the Dcr-2 protein, but not with the Dcr-1 protein.

      Production of mature siRNAs from endogenous long hairpin RNA genes is a hybrid mechanism that combines canonical RNA interference factors (Dcr-2, Hen1 and AGO2) and a canonical microRNA factor loqs.

      loqs is required intrinsically for germline stem cell maintenance in the ovary.

      loqs is not required for repeat-associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA) production

      loqs is required together with Dcr-1 for normal pre-miRNA processing. loqs is required for the normal silencing of the endogenous Ste locus in the testis and appears to be required for maintenance of the germ-line stem cells in the ovary.

      loqs protein alone is not capable of converting pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs. However, the loqs and Dcr-1 proteins form a complex that converts pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs, and the loqs protein stimulates and directs the specific pre-miRNA processing activity of Dcr-1 protein.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: loqs CG6866

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology

      The gene is named "loquacious" because loss of function de-silences both endogenous silencing and reporter expression in vivo.

      Gene is designated as "loquacious" ("very talkative") as several types of silencing are lost in mutant flies.

      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      cg6866
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 96 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (182)