FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\ctp
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ctp
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
cut up
Annotation Symbol
CG6998
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011760
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
21 publicly available
Gene Summary
cut up (ctp) encodes the 8 kDa (LC8/DLC1) subunit of the cytoplasmic Dynein, as well as the Myosin V. It homodimerizes and binds to a variety of proteins. It is involved in both dynein-dependent and independent functions such as cell viability, axonal guidance, spermatid growth and individualization, and regulation of spermatogonial divisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

LC8, ddlc1, Dlc, Ddlc-1, Cdlc1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
4C13-4C14
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-8
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:4687800..4702034
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (28 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables disordered domain specific binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q24246
(Hall et al., 2009, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)
enables dynein intermediate chain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:sw; FB:FBgn0003654
(Song et al., 2007)
enables dynein light intermediate chain binding
inferred from direct assay
(Williams et al., 2007)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V9Y9
(Otani et al., 2015)
enables protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Song et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Hall et al., 2009)
enables transcription corepressor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables dynein intermediate chain binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004317989
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (13 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin filament bundle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
involved_in chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dick et al., 1996)
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2011)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
involved_in microtubule anchoring at centrosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2011)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dick et al., 1996)
involved_in piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Eastwood et al., 2021, Schnabl et al., 2021)
involved_in positive regulation of neuron remodeling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
involved_in sperm individualization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
involved_in spermatid nucleus elongation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
involved_in spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
involved_in wing disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dick et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in microtubule-based process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001372, InterPro:IPR019763, InterPro:IPR037177
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centriole
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2011)
part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Dick et al., 1996)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dick et al., 1996)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
part_of dynein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Williams et al., 2007)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from direct assay
(Hall et al., 2009, Makokha et al., 2002)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004)
part_of RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004317989
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of dynein complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001372, InterPro:IPR037177
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the dynein light chain family. (Q24117)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
cut up (ctp) encodes the 8 kDa (LC8/DLC1) subunit of the cytoplasmic Dynein, as well as the Myosin V. It homodimerizes and binds to a variety of proteins. It is involved in both dynein-dependent and independent functions such as cell viability, axonal guidance, spermatid growth and individualization, and regulation of spermatogonial divisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DYNEIN LIGHT CHAINS -
Dyneins are minus end-directed microtubule motor protein complexes. Dynein light chains are involved in dynein complex assembly and interact with specific dynein adaptor proteins. (Adapted from PMID:19935668 and PMID:24064538).
PANORAMIX-INDUCED CO-TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING COMPLEX -
The Panoramix-induced co-transcriptional silencing (PICTS) complex is a nuclear complex required for the formation of heterochromatin in piRNA-mediated silencing of transposable elements. (Adapted from FBrf0248008.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts as a non-catalytic accessory component of a dynein complex.
(UniProt, Q24117)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

cytoskeletal protein - Hippo pathway - subunit of the cytoplasmic Dynein & of Myosin V - involved in both dynein-dependent and independent functions such as cell viability, axonal guidance, spermatid growth and individualization and regulation of spermatogonial divisions - wing and eye imaginal discs - part of a protein complex that regulates spindle orientation in neuroblasts

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ctp for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24117)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Stop-codon suppression (UAA) postulated; FBrf0216884, FBrf0234051.

Gene model reviewed during 6.25

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(Jungreis et al., 2016, Jungreis, 2011.11.18)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ctp-RA
FBtr0070706
NM_080336
1483
89
ctp-RB
FBtr0070704
NM_167014
1597
89
ctp-RC
FBtr0070707
NM_167015
4416
89
ctp-RE
FBtr0307065
NM_001258601
4061
89
ctp-RF
FBtr0474174
NM_001370042
1483
267
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.5, 2.4 (northern blot)

(Dick et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ctp-PA
FBpp0070674
10.4
89
7.50
Q24117
NP_525075
AAF45975
ctp-PB
FBpp0070672
10.4
89
7.50
Q24117
NP_726942
AAN09126
ctp-PC
FBpp0070675
10.4
89
7.50
Q24117
NP_726943
AAN09127
ctp-PE
FBpp0297908
10.4
89
7.50
Q24117
NP_001245530
AFH07244
ctp-PF
FBpp0423173
31.1
267
4.25
QCD25228
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

89 aa isoforms: ctp-PA, ctp-PB, ctp-PC, ctp-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

89 (aa); 10 (kD predicted)

(Dick et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with spn-F (PubMed:16540510). Forms ternary complexes with spn-F and IKKepsilon (PubMed:26092846, PubMed:26540204).

(UniProt, Q24117)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ctp using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.22

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | intense | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
sensory nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Dick et al., 1996)
chordotonal organ
(Dick et al., 1996)
wandering third instar larval stage
wing pouch | restricted
(Molnar et al., 2012)
wing hinge primordium | restricted
(Molnar et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Dick et al., 1996)
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Dick et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
organism
(Dick et al., 1996)
pupal stage
(Dick et al., 1996)
adult stage
head
(Dick et al., 1996)
adult stage & oogenesis
nurse cell
(Dick et al., 1996)
adult stageoogenesis stage S11 -- S14
oocyte
(Dick et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Dick et al., 1996)
oogenesis
organism | ubiquitous
(Dick et al., 1996)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

ctp protein is localized in the cytoplasm where it is associated with microtubules.

(Dick et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in centriole
inferred from direct assay
(Wang et al., 2011)
part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Dick et al., 1996)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Dick et al., 1996)
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
part_of dynein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Williams et al., 2007)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from direct assay
(Hall et al., 2009, Makokha et al., 2002)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Barbar and Hare, 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004)
part_of RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex
(Eastwood et al., 2021)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ctp in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 56 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ctp
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ctp
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
lethal | heat sensitive
lethal | heat sensitive (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
lethal | pharate adult stage
lethal | pupal stage
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | partially | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
partially lethal - majority live
partially lethal - majority live (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile | recessive
male fertile
male semi-sterile
male semi-sterile (with Df(3L)fz-GF3b)
male sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior
abnormal locomotor behavior | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | P-stage
abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
some die during embryonic stage
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage
some die during pharate adult stage
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible (with ctpDIA5)
visible (with ctpDIIA82)
visible (with ctpDIIB14)
visible (with ctpexc6)
visible (with ctpexc39)
visible (with ctpexc41)
visible (with ctpexc123)
visible (with ctpins1)
visible (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
visible | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament & spermatid
actin filament bundle & nucleus
astral microtubule
astral microtubule (with Df(1)JC70)
chaeta
cystic bulge
dendrite | P-stage
egg chamber
egg chamber | somatic clone
embryonic head & macrochaeta
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
head & macrochaeta
larval longitudinal connective
larval neuroblast
larval neuroblast (with Df(1)JC70)
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
leg & macrochaeta & embryo
lysosome | pupal stage
macrochaeta
macrochaeta (with ctpDIA5)
macrochaeta (with ctpDIIA82)
macrochaeta (with ctpDIIB14)
macrochaeta (with ctpexc6)
macrochaeta (with ctpexc39)
macrochaeta (with ctpexc41)
macrochaeta (with ctpexc123)
macrochaeta (with ctpins1)
macrochaeta (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
mesothoracic femoral chordotonal organ & axon
metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ & axon
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage
nucleus & spermatid
ovariole
prothoracic femoral chordotonal organ & axon
prothoracic femoral chordotonal organ & axon & pupa
salivary gland | pupal stage
scutum & macrochaeta
scutum & macrochaeta & embryo
scutum & microchaeta
scutum & microchaeta & embryo
seminal vesicle
sensory neuron | P-stage
spermatid
spermatid cyst
spermatocyte fusome
spermatozoon
symmetrical commissure
synaptonemal complex | somatic clone
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing
wing (with ctpDIA5)
wing (with ctpDIIA82)
wing (with ctpDIIB14)
wing (with ctpexc6)
wing (with ctpexc39)
wing (with ctpexc41)
wing (with ctpexc123)
wing (with ctpins1)
wing (with Df(1)bi-DL1)
wing & macrochaeta
wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing vein
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\DYNLL2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\DYNLL1
9 of 14
No
Yes
 
2  
Hsap\DNAL4
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\VTI1B
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)
Rnor\Dynll2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Dynll1
9 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC679822
8 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC100361920
8 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC100363141
8 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Dnal4
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC108352398
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Vti1b
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Mmus\Dynll2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\BC048507
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Dynll1
8 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Dnal4
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Vti1b
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\dynll1
8 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\dynll2
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\vti1b
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\dnal4
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dmrta2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\dynll1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\dynll2b
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\dynll2a
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\dnal4b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\dnal4a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkeyp-51b9.3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\vti1b
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\dlc-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\dlc-2
5 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\dlc-4
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\dlc-5
4 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\dlc-3
3 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001335
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006887
3 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (7)
Atha\AT4G15930
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G23220
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G16120
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G27360
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G20110
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G52245
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\ROPGEF11
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\DYN2
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\dlc2
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ctp. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
Cdlc2
12 of 13
CG8407
4 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    DYNLL2; dynein light chain LC8-type 2
    14 of 14
    608942
        DYNLL1; dynein light chain LC8-type 1
        9 of 14
        601562
             
            DNAL4; dynein axonemal light chain 4
            3 of 14
            610565
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Dmel gene
              Ortholog showing functional complementation
              Supporting References
              ctp
              Hsap\DYNLL1
              (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
              Show/hide secondary interactors 
              (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
              Select Layout:
              Legend:
              Protein
              RNA
              Selected Interactor(s)
              Other Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
              protein-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              ctp
              mass spectrometry studies of complexes, molecular sieving, predetermined participant, static light scattering, electron microscopy, cosedimentation in solution, light scattering
              (Walker et al., 2023, Slevin et al., 2014, Barbar et al., 2001)
              ctp - Asciz
              isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, pull down, anti tag western blot, nuclear magnetic resonance, cosedimentation, molecular weight, electron microscopy, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, light scattering, mass spectrometry studies of subunit exchange, cosedimentation in solution, x ray scattering, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, western blot
              (Walker et al., 2023, Reardon et al., 2020, Clark et al., 2018, Sengupta et al., 2016, Zaytseva et al., 2014)
              ctp - CG13385
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              ctp - CG2202
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ctp - CG30324
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ctp - CG6654
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ctp - CG8079
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              ctp - Chc
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Li et al., 2010)
              ctp - Dlc90F
              molecular sieving, predetermined participant
              (Hall et al., 2010)
              ctp - IKKε
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Lin et al., 2015, Otani et al., 2015)
              ctp - InR
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016, Friedman et al., 2011)
              ctp - Khc
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Goldman et al., 2019)
              ctp - Nxt1
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Schnabl et al., 2021)
              ctp - PI31
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Liu et al., 2019)
              ctp - Panx
              isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, x-ray crystallography, anti tag western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, light scattering
              (Eastwood et al., 2021, Schnabl et al., 2021)
              ctp - Prosα7
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Liu et al., 2019)
              ctp - Prosβ5
              anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017)
              ctp - Rpn10
              anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
              (Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017)
              ctp - Tlk
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
              (Schnabl et al., 2021)
              ctp - Tsc1
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
              ctp - ana2
              x-ray crystallography, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, static light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
              (Slevin et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2011)
              ctp - egg
              two hybrid
              (Stabell et al., 2006)
              ctp - egl
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
              (Goldman et al., 2021, Neiswender et al., 2021, Goldman et al., 2019, Bianco et al., 2010, Navarro et al., 2004)
              ctp - geminin
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ctp - gig
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
              ctp - insv
              experimental knowledge based
              (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
              ctp - l(2)gl
              two hybrid
              (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
              ctp - mud
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid
              (Wang et al., 2011)
              ctp - nxf2
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Eastwood et al., 2021, Schnabl et al., 2021)
              ctp - rictor
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
              ctp - robl
              molecular sieving, predetermined participant
              (Hall et al., 2010)
              ctp - sima
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
              ctp - spn-F
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
              (Lu et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2015, Otani et al., 2015)
              ctp - sw
              x-ray crystallography, predetermined participant, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, circular dichroism, molecular sieving, nuclear magnetic resonance
              (Morgan et al., 2021, Hall et al., 2010, Benison et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Benison et al., 2006, Nyarko et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002)
              ctp - swa
              anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, molecular sieving, two hybrid, x-ray crystallography, light scattering
              (I Kidane et al., 2013, Benison et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2004, Schnorrer et al., 2000)
              ctp - woc
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag western blot
              (Schnabl et al., 2021)
              RNA-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              ctp - grk
              phage display, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography, nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay
              (Rom et al., 2007)
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              Show/hide secondary interactors 
              (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
              esyN Network Key:
              Suppression
              Enhancement
              Other Interaction Browsers
              View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              ctp
              suppressible
              Atg1
              (Batlevi et al., 2010)
              ctp
              enhanceable
              DCTN1-p150
              (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
              ctp
              suppressible
              Dhc64C
              (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              Asciz
              suppressible
              ctp
              (Zaytseva et al., 2014)
              BicD
              suppressible
              ctp|stau
              (Navarro et al., 2004)
              ct
              enhanceable
              ctp
              (Gramates and Phillis, 1995)
              IKKε
              suppressible
              ctp
              (Otani et al., 2011)
              shi
              enhanceable
              ctp
              (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
              Smn
              suppressible
              ctp
              (Chang et al., 2008)
              stau|BicD
              suppressible
              ctp
              (Navarro et al., 2004)
              sw
              enhanceable
              ctp
              (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
              External Data
              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
              Interacts with spn-F (PubMed:16540510). Forms ternary complexes with spn-F and IKKepsilon (PubMed:26092846, PubMed:26540204).
              (UniProt, Q24117 )
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              External Data
              Linkouts
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              X
              Recombination map
              1-8
              Cytogenetic map
              4C13-4C14
              Sequence location
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              4C13-4C14
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG2930EP1352 and P{EP}EP425
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              4C15-4D2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C5--8 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C7--8 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4D1--2 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C13--16 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C11--14 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C15--CD3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Peter et al., 2002)
              4C7-4C8
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)
              4D-4D
              (Li, 1996.2.9)
              4E1-4E2
              (Dick, 1995.8.1)
              4C15-4D3
              (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4D1--2 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C5--8 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C15--D2 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4D1--2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
              4C11-4C14
              (determined by in situ hybridisation) 4C13--16 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
              4D1-4D3
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Phillis et al., 1996)
              4E1-4E2
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Dick et al., 1996)
              4D-4D
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Gramates and Phillis, 1995)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              1-8

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              1-7.6

              (Comeron et al., 2012)

              1-

              (Dick, 1995.8.1)
              Left of (cM)
              (Phillis et al., 1994)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (21)
              Genomic Clones (13)
               

              Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

              cDNA Clones (363)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Zaytseva et al., 2014, Dick et al., 1996)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                Other Comments

                ctp interacts with egl through a ctp interaction domain near the C terminus of egl and a well established binding motif in ctp.

                (Navarro et al., 2004)

                ctp is a swa-binding protein.

                (Schnorrer et al., 2000)

                ctp, a component of the dynein-dynactin complex, appears to have a role in normal terminal branching, synaptogenesis and stabilisation of some sensory neurons.

                (Murphey et al., 1999)

                After reaching the CNS, mutant axons exhibit errors in branching within the target domain.

                (Murphey et al., 1999)

                Molecular and genetic characterisation of ctp. Partial loss of function mutations cause pleiotrophic morphological defects in adults and total loss of function mutations are lethal and cause embryonic degeneration and wide-spread apoptotic cell death.

                (Dick et al., 1996)

                Dlc mutations fail to complement the lethal and female-sterile phenotypes of ctp alleles. Dlc mutations also show the same sensory axon projection defects observed for ctp mutants.

                (Phillis et al., 1996)

                ctp is required for proper axon guidance of imaginal sensory neurons.

                (Phillis et al., 1996)

                Mutations of ctp enhance the phenotype of lethal I class of ct mutations. ctp has a non-additive interaction with eppy.

                (Gramates and Phillis, 1995)

                Mutations cause occasional bristle loss and reduction in bristle length and thickness.

                (Phillis et al., 1994)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: ctp Cdlc1

                (Murphey et al., 1999)

                Source for merge of: ctp l(1)G0338 l(1)G0387 l(1)G0204 l(1)G0248 l(1)G0153 l(1)G0207 l(1)G0432 l(1)G0371

                (Peter et al., 2002)

                Source for merge of: ctp anon-WO03040301.128

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                The Cdlc2 gene may be derived from the ctp gene by retroposition.

                (Betran et al., 2002)

                Source for merge of ctp anon-WO03040301.128 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: ctp CG6998

                (Zhao, 1999.11)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (42)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                CG6998
                (Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Chang et al., 2008, Grieder et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2003, Bourbon et al., 2002, Mount, 2001.8.14, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
                Cdlc1
                (Pfister et al., 2006, Phillis et al., 2001, Phillis et al., 2000, Murphey et al., 1999)
                Ctp
                (Onishi et al., 2021, Schnabl et al., 2021, Lu et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2016, Otani et al., 2015, Lu and Johnston, 2013, Rettie and Dorus, 2012, Langille and Clark, 2007)
                DLC8
                (Mohan and Hosur, 2008)
                DdlC1
                (Yuan et al., 2019)
                Ddlc-1
                (Abdu et al., 2006, Bar and Abdu, 2006, Johnstone and Lasko, 2001, Fischer, 2000, Schnorrer et al., 2000)
                Ddlc1
                (Fabian and Brill, 2012, Rettie and Dorus, 2012, Schnorrer et al., 1999)
                Dlc
                (Neiswender et al., 2021, Winkler et al., 2015, Parassol et al., 2013, Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Bianco et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Bullock et al., 2006, Bullock et al., 2006, Navarro et al., 2004)
                LC8
                (Walker et al., 2023, Morgan et al., 2021, Schnabl et al., 2021, Reardon et al., 2020, Clark et al., 2018, Slevin et al., 2014, I Kidane et al., 2013, Parassol et al., 2013, Asthana et al., 2012, Hall et al., 2010, Hall et al., 2009, Lightcap et al., 2008, Benison et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Benison et al., 2006, Nyarko et al., 2005, Barbar and Hare, 2004, Makokha et al., 2004, Nyarko et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2004, Makokha et al., 2002, Barbar et al., 2001)
                anon-WO03040301.128
                ctp
                (Nieken et al., 2023, Zheng et al., 2023, Eastwood et al., 2021, Evans et al., 2021, Lee et al., 2021, Fingerhut et al., 2019, Goldman et al., 2019, Wentzel et al., 2018, Bonneaud et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017, Barron and Moberg, 2016, Jungreis et al., 2016, Lin et al., 2015, DeSalvo et al., 2014, Zaytseva et al., 2014, de Celis et al., 2013.9.11, Sen et al., 2013, Friedman et al., 2011, Jungreis, 2011.11.18, Jungreis et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Otani et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010, Chang et al., 2008, Dorus et al., 2008, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Grieder et al., 2007, Langille and Clark, 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Dorus et al., 2006, Liebl et al., 2006, Stabell et al., 2006, Lipatov et al., 2005, Nelson et al., 2005)
                cut up
                (Kim et al., 2021)
                dDYNLL1
                (Liu et al., 2019)
                ddlc1
                (Asthana et al., 2012, Zoller and Schulz, 2012, Batlevi et al., 2010, Rom et al., 2007, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2004, Roy and Ray, 2001, Dick et al., 1997, Dick et al., 1996, Dick, 1995.8.1)
                dlc
                (Huynh and St. Johnston, 2004)
                l(1)G0153
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
                l(1)G0204
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)
                l(1)G0207
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)
                l(1)G0244
                l(1)G0248
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
                l(1)G0338
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
                l(1)G0371
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
                l(1)G0387
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
                l(1)G0432
                (Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
                l(1)G0445
                lincRNA.S8635
                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)
                Name Synonyms
                8kd dynein light chain
                (Li, 1996.2.9, Li, 1996.2.9)
                Cut up
                (Sengupta et al., 2016, Otani et al., 2015)
                Cytoplasmic dynein
                (Welte, 2004)
                Cytoplasmic dynein 8kD light chain
                (Murphey et al., 1997)
                Cytoplasmic dynein light chain 1
                Dynein light chain
                (Mohan and Hosur, 2008, Rom et al., 2007, Abdu et al., 2006)
                Dynein light chain 1
                (Batlevi et al., 2010)
                cut up
                (Kreko-Pierce and Eaton, 2017, Lin et al., 2015, Sen et al., 2013, Cammarato et al., 2011, van Eyk et al., 2011, Chang et al., 2008, Stabell et al., 2006, Nelson et al., 2005)
                cytoplasmic dynein
                (de Heredia and Jansen, 2004, Gonczy, 2002)
                cytoplasmic dynein light chain 1
                (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
                dynein
                (Kuznetsov, 2011, Kalinovsky and Scheiffele, 2004)
                dynein light chain
                (Shav-Tal and Singer, 2005, Navarro et al., 2004, Stebbings, 2000, Phillis et al., 1997, Li et al., 1995)
                dynein light chain 1
                (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005)
                dynein light chain 8
                (Parassol et al., 2013)
                dynein light chain LC8
                (I Kidane et al., 2013)
                dynein light-chain
                (Nyarko et al., 2004)
                dynein light-chain 1
                (Dick et al., 1996)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0015619
                • FBgn0015650
                • FBgn0027256
                • FBgn0027271
                • FBgn0027293
                • FBgn0028265
                • FBgn0028273
                • FBgn0028298
                • FBgn0028309
                • FBgn0028322
                • FBgn0028337
                • FBgn0040189
                • FBgn0066852
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 95 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (198)