FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\twin

(Fisher et al., 2012)

primordial germ cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

(Fisher et al., 2012)

primordial germ cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

adult brain cell body rind

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female

ovary

(Temme et al., 2004)

oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell

(Temme et al., 2004)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female

germarium

(Joly et al., 2013)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

female germline cell

(Joly et al., 2013)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- larval stage

organism

(Temme et al., 2004)

adult stage | female

ovary

(Temme et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression is observed in all cells of the ovary at all stages of oogenesis.

(Temme et al., 2004)

Marker for

ovary

(Temme et al., 2004)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of CCR4-NOT complex

inferred from direct assay

(Temme et al., 2010, Temme et al., 2004)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Marf1; FB:FBgn0039972

(Zhu et al., 2018)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Joly et al., 2013, Temme et al., 2004)

located_in cytosol

inferred from high throughput direct assay

(Lye et al., 2014)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}twin^CPTI000371

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

Reporter: PBac{602.P.SVS-1}twin^CPTI001025

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult brain cell body rind

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\twin in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\twin

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\twin

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0011725

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

42880/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0011725

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0011725

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0011725

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG31137

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0011725

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\twin

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of twin

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of twin

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)crb87-4

(Morris et al., 2005)

Df(3R)Exel6198

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

twin^{MI07336-GFSTF.1}

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | partially

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect | partially (with Df(3R)Exel6198)

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

twin^GD5054

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

twin^GD5054

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

twin^GD5054

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

female sterile (with Df(3R)Exel6198)

twin^GS8115

female sterile (with twin^ry5)

female sterile (with twin^S1)

twin^ry5

female sterile (with twin^S3)

twin^ry5

fertile

twin^d06069

male fertile

twin^ry5

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

twin^HMS00493

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS8115)

twin^GS12209

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS12209)

twin^GS8115

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

twin^KK108897

decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

twin^KK108897

neoplasia | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

some die during embryonic stage | partially

some die during embryonic stage | partially (with Df(3R)Exel6198)

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

egg chamber

egg chamber (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4)

egg chamber (with twin^ry3)

twin^ry5

egg chamber (with twin^ry5)

twin^ry3

embryo | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect (with Df(3R)Exel6198)

twin^KG00877

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS8115)

twin^GS12209

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS12209)

twin^GS8115

embryonic head | maternal effect (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4)

twin^GS12209

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

twin^KK108897

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

twin^KK108897

female germline stem cell

twin^DG24102

female germline stem cell (with Df(3R)Exel6198)

female germline stem cell | cell autonomous | germline clone

twin^DG24102

female germline stem cell | germline clone

twin^GS8115

microtubule organizing center | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

twin^HMS00493

nurse cell

nurse cell (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4)

nurse cell | increased number

nurse cell | increased number (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4)

nurse cell ring canal (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4)

twin^GS12209

nurse cell ring canal | increased number (with twin^ry3)

twin^ry5

nurse cell ring canal | increased number (with twin^ry5)

twin^ry3

oocyte

oocyte (with twin^ry5)

twin^S3

oocyte (with twin^S3)

twin^ry5

spermatogonium, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

testis, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

type Ib terminal bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS8115)

twin^GS12209

type Ib terminal bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with twin^GS12209)

twin^GS8115

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (10)

Hsap\CNOT6L

14 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CNOT6

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\LRRC28

1 of 14

Hsap\PHLPP1

1 of 14

Hsap\TDP2

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)

Rnor\Cnot6l

14 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Cnot6

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Lrrc69

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Lrrd1

1 of 14

Rnor\Tdp2

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)

Mmus\Cnot6l

14 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Cnot6

13 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)

Xtro\cnot6l

8 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)

Drer\cnot6l

14 of 14

Yes

Drer\cnot6a

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\cnot6b

12 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\ccr-4

12 of 14

Yes

Cele\angl-1

3 of 14

Cele\pde-12

3 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004405

12 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)

Atha\AT3G58560

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G58580

10 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT1G31500

4 of 13

Yes

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT3G56370

1 of 13

Atha\AT4G30900

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)

Scer\CCR4

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\NGL1

4 of 13

Yes

Scer\NGL2

3 of 13

Scer\NGL3

3 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\ccr4

12 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPBC9B6.11c

3 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:twin. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)

CG31759

5 of 13

angel

4 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

cancer, multiple, CCR4-NOT complex

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

twin^KK108897

model of cancer

CEA with Delta^UAS.cDa

(Vicente et al., 2018)

twin^HMS00493

model of heart disease

CEA

(Elmén et al., 2020)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

twin^GS8115

ameliorates oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

modeled by Hsap\PABPN1^17ala.Act88F

(Chartier et al., 2015)

modeled by Hsap\PABPN1^17ala.UAS

(Chartier et al., 2015)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CNOT6L; CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6 like

14 of 14

618069

CNOT6; CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6

12 of 14

608951

ANGEL1; angel homolog 1

3 of 14

619537

ANGEL2; angel homolog 2

3 of 14

619001

PDE12; phosphodiesterase 12

3 of 14

616519

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool

View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

twin - AGO1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Iwasaki et al., 2009)

twin - AGO3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Fu et al., 2015)

twin - BicC

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chicoine et al., 2007)

twin - Gyf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ruscica et al., 2019)

twin - Marf1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Zhu et al., 2018)

twin - Not1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Pekovic and Wahle, 2024, Kordyukova et al., 2020, Morgunova et al., 2015, Bawankar et al., 2013, Joly et al., 2013, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Temme et al., 2010)

twin - Not3

molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Pekovic and Wahle, 2024, Temme et al., 2010)

twin - Patr-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Haas et al., 2010)

twin - Pop2

ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, experimental knowledge based, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag western blot

(Pekovic and Wahle, 2024, Fu et al., 2015, Bawankar et al., 2013, Joly et al., 2013, Petit et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Temme et al., 2010, Temme et al., 2004)

twin - Rcd-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Pekovic and Wahle, 2024, Bawankar et al., 2013)

twin - Rga

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Pekovic and Wahle, 2024, Temme et al., 2010)

twin - aub

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2017, Fu et al., 2015, Rouget et al., 2010)

twin - bam

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Sgromo et al., 2018, Shan et al., 2017, Fu et al., 2015)

twin - bgcn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Fu et al., 2015)

twin - cuff

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Kordyukova et al., 2020)

twin - cup

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Igreja and Izaurralde, 2011)

twin - nanos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Joly et al., 2013)

twin - orb

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2015)

twin - pAbp

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Zekri et al., 2009)

twin - piwi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Kordyukova et al., 2020)

twin - pum

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Joly et al., 2013)

twin - smg

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chartier et al., 2015, Rouget et al., 2010, Semotok et al., 2005)

twin - thoc5

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kordyukova et al., 2020)

twin - tut

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Shan et al., 2017)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

twin - mei-P26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Joly et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

bam

(Morris et al., 2005)

suppressible

CycA

(Morris et al., 2005)

suppressible

CycB

(Vicente et al., 2018)

suppressible

Fancl

(Vicente et al., 2018)

suppressible

mei-P26

(Joly et al., 2013)

enhanceable

nanos

(Joly et al., 2013)

enhanceable

pum

(Joly et al., 2013)

suppressible

upd2|upd3

(Vicente et al., 2018)

suppressible

upd3

(Vicente et al., 2018)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Delta

enhanceable