FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\ap[P44]

Mutants show loss of expression of P{FMRFa-EGFP.Tv}, a marker for the six Ap4 neurons in the developing ventral nerve cord, and loss of expression of eya, which identifies the four Ap cluster neurons.

(Bivik et al., 2015)

The number of SE2 neurons is normal in ap^P44 mutant animals.

(Losada-Pérez et al., 2010)

Neurons which normally express ap (Ap neurons) are still present and extend axons in ap^P44/ap^md544 embryonic brains. However, Ap brain interneurons show defasciculation and pathfinding defects in these animals. The most severe defects are seen in the deutocerebrum, where the two pairs of Ap neuronal cell bodies are positioned incorrectly. These neurons do not appear to undergo the movements seen in wild-type embryos and never become localised on the inner surface of the developing deutocerebrum, instead remaining on the outer surface, with their axons projecting aberrantly along the frontal commissure of the stomatogastric nervous system or in rare cases along the recurrent nerve. The cell bodies of the Ap neurons in the protocerebrum appear to be positioned properly and have a normal size and shape, but many of their commissural axons fail to form commissural fascicles correctly and often leave their commissural bundle and cross over to grow along a neighbouring fascicle. This defect is seen in 30% of cases. Ap neurons that innervate the ring gland have normal axonal projection patterns. Fas2-expressing commissural fascicles are indistinguishable from wild type.

(Herzig et al., 2001)

In ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos, all neurons that normally express ap survive and extend axons, but these axons display pathfinding errors in nearly every segment, including defasciculation of axon bundles, aberrant pathway selection within the longitudinal connectives, occasional misrouting across the midline and stalling.

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

ap^md544/ap^P44 flies show wing defects.

(Milan and Cohen, 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 flies have no wings but often have a ribbon- or nub-like outgrowth that lacks any recognisable structures.

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

ap^P44/ap^md544 embryos show proper positioning of the thoracic ventrolateral clusters in the central nervous system and their axonal bundles appear normal.

(Benveniste et al., 1998)

In homozygous or ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos, neurons that normally express ap fail to recognise their appropriate pathway and wander within the longitudinal connective, failing to fasciculate with one another. ap^md544/ap^P44 flies have no wings, although they often have a ribbon-like outgrowth in the wing region that lacks any recognisable structures.

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

Neurons of homozygous embryos carrying the P{apC-tau-lacZ} exhibit pathfinding and fasciculation defects: ap neurons that project their axons along abnormal pathways and fail to fasciculate with one another. The ap neurons still project anteriorly within the connectives.

(Lundgren et al., 1995)

Lacks wings and halteres. In the embryo, one or more muscles of the 21--23 group, in at least one hemisegment, is absent. In the majority of embryos multiple hemisegments (from 2 to 9) were affected. Muscle 29 is absent in at least one hemisegment of 75% of mutant embryos.

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

External Data

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Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible by ap::Chi^ChAp.UAS/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(Milan and Cohen, 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, suppressible | partially by Lim3^UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ap^md544/ap^P44 has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

ap^P44/ap^P44 is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | late embryonic stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lbe.K, kn^{UAS.cSa.Tag:HA}

(Stratmann et al., 2019)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Chi^e5.5, ap^md544/ap^P44 has embryonic/larval neuron phenotype, suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible by ap::Chi^ChAp.UAS/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(Milan and Cohen, 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has larval longitudinal connective phenotype, suppressible | partially by Lim3^UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^UAS.cOa

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has larval longitudinal connective phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap::Lim3^UAS.cOa

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, suppressible | partially by Lim3^UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

ap^md544/ap^P44 has phenotype, non-suppressible by ap^ΔLIM.UAS/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

ap^md544/ap^P44 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/Chi^{ΔLID.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

ap^P44 is a suppressor of scutellar bristle | ectopic phenotype of Chi^E

(Ramain et al., 2000)

ap^P44 is a suppressor of thorax phenotype of Chi^E

(Ramain et al., 2000)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

ap^P44/ap^P44 is a non-suppressor of abdominal neuroblast NB5-6 | late embryonic stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4^lbe.K, kn^{UAS.cSa.Tag:HA}

(Stratmann et al., 2019)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The addition of this mutant to Chi^E homozygotes suppresses the thoracic left and loss of bristle phenotype seen in these flies.

(Ramain et al., 2000)

The axon guidance defects seen in ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos are not rescued by coexpression of ap^{ΔLIM.Scer\UAS} and Chi^{ΔLID.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} rescues pathway recognition and axon fasciculation in a majority of segments in ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos when expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544. The axon defects seen in Chi^e5.5 ap^md544/ap^P44 double mutants are completely rescued by ap::Chi^{ΔLID.ΔLIM.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC} expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544.

(van Meyel et al., 2000)

Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 partially rescues both the wing and embryonic central nervous system phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 animals at 18^oC and 25^oC respectively. The wing, sterility and uncoordinated behaviour phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies are rescued by ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 to the same extent as the rescue seen by ap^Scer\UAS.cOa. In contrast, the axon pathfinding phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 embryos is only partially rescued by ap::Lim3^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544.

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

ap^md544/ap^P44 is rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^UAS.cMa

(Milan and Cohen, 1999)

Partially rescued by

ap^md544/ap^P44 is partially rescued by ap^UAS.cOa/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

Not rescued by

ap^md544/ap^P44 is not rescued by ap^ΔLIM.UAS/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(van Meyel et al., 1999)

ap^md544/ap^P44 is not rescued by ap^ΔLIM.UAS/Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

ap^md544/ap^P44 is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^ap-md544/ap^ΔHD.UAS

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

Comments

A single copy of ap^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 almost completely rescues the wing phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies; the wing blade is normal in size, with a normal margin and vein pattern, but is held at right angles away from the body. The sterility and uncoordinated behaviour phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies are also rescued and the central nervous system defects of embryos are rescued. A single copy of ap^Scer\UAS.cOa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 almost completely rescues the wing phenotype of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies; the wing blade is normal in size, with a normal margin and vein pattern, but is held at right angles away from the body. The sterility and uncoordinated behaviour phenotypes of ap^md544/ap^P44 flies are also rescued and the central nervous system defects of embryos are rescued. The ribbon-like outgrowth seen in ap^md544/ap^P44 flies is entirely eliminated in flies expressing ap^{ΔHD.Scer\UAS} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544.

(O'Keefe et al., 1998)

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Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Arose during a P{Δ2-3} mutagenesis of the P{PZ}ap^41F chromosome which carries ap^41F. Southern analysis indicated that P{PZ}ap^41F is precisely excised in this allele. It is suggested that the P{PZ}ap^41F element excised, reinserted in the 5' end of ap from where it then imprecisely excised, to create the deletion of the 5' ap exon. Four independently derived alleles (ap^P44, ap^P22, ap^P33 and ap^P39) share these properties.

(Bourgouin et al., 1992)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (1)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ap^P44

(Stratmann et al., 2019, Stratmann and Thor, 2017, Stratmann et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2015, Eade et al., 2012, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Baumgardt et al., 2007)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (20)

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