FB2024_02 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Vha55
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Vha55
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55kD subunit
Annotation Symbol
CG17369
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0005671
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity). Essential for the proper assembly and activity of V-ATPase (By similarity). (UniProt, P31409)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

l(3)87Ca, Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55kD B subunit, l(3)j2E9, V-ATPase, l(3)SzA

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-52
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:12623762..12627829
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from genetic interaction with SGD:S000000331
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from genetic interaction with SGD:S000000331
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004100
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004100, InterPro:IPR005723
inferred by curator from GO:0033181
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000389698
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in brush border
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000000331
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (P31409)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
RHEA 57721:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
VACUOLAR ATPASE V1 DOMAIN NON-CATALYTIC SUBUNITS -
The V1 domain of V-ATPases is a peripheral membrane domain composed of eight different subunits (A-H) that are expressed as multiple isoforms in a tissue-specific manner. The V1 domain is responsible for ATP hydrolysis. The non-catalytic V1 subunits do not hydrolyze ATP directly but provide regulatory functions and/or interact with the V0 domain. (Adapted from PMID:20450191 and FBrf0188241).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Non-catalytic subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments and in some cell types, is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it is responsible for acidifying the extracellular environment (By similarity). Essential for the proper assembly and activity of V-ATPase (By similarity).
(UniProt, P31409)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
l(3)87Ca
Most extreme hemizygous phenotype is embryonic lethality, even though homozygous Df(3R)kar3J, which lacks the locus entirely, dies during the first larval instar (Ish-Horowicz, Holden, and Gehring, 1977, Cell 12: 643-52). First instar larvae have transparent Malpighian tubules; autonomous in transplants. Two alleles isolated on the basis of their dominant suppression of ectopic sex-comb teeth in Pc4/+ males (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 8136-40).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vha55 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P31409)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0082671
2658
490
FBtr0082670
2722
490
FBtr0301661
2048
490
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.8, 2.6, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8 (longest cDNA)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0082140
54.5
490
5.05
FBpp0082139
54.5
490
5.05
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

490 aa isoforms: Vha55-PA, Vha55-PB, Vha55-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

490 (aa); 55 (kD)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex (By similarity). The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H (By similarity). The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits VhaAC45 and ATP6AP2 (By similarity).

(UniProt, P31409)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vha55 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.66

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

microinjection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

RNA-seq data show that Vha55 is expressed in the gastric caecum and throughout the larval midgut but is enriched in the acidic region of the midgut.

Northern blots show Vha55 to be ubiquitously expressed, and reveal 4 bands of 2.8, 2.5, 2.0 and 1.8 kb.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in brush border
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vha55 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vha55
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vha55
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 29 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
9 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
11 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)
2 of 11
Yes
Yes
1 of 11
No
No
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Vha55. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
RNA-RNA
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
V-ATPase is a heteromultimeric enzyme made up of two complexes: the ATP-hydrolytic V1 complex and the proton translocation V0 complex (By similarity). The V1 complex consists of three catalytic AB heterodimers that form a heterohexamer, three peripheral stalks each consisting of EG heterodimers, one central rotor including subunits D and F, and the regulatory subunits C and H (By similarity). The proton translocation complex V0 consists of the proton transport subunit a, a ring of proteolipid subunits c9c'', rotary subunit d, subunits e and f, and the accessory subunits VhaAC45 and ATP6AP2 (By similarity).
(UniProt, P31409 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-52
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
87C2-87C3
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}svp07842 and P{lacW}Vha55j2E9
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
87C1-87C3
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
87C2-87C3
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
87C2-87C4
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Determined by complementation analysis with deficiency and duplication chromosomes (details unspecified).
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (12)
Genomic Clones (18)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (201)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against Vha55 that is transfected into S2 treated with Listeria monocytogenes reveals Vha55 to be involved in Listeria monocytogenes entry and vacuolar escape.

      Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

      Mutations of Vha55 interact with Dfd to reduce the viability of the Dfd3/Dfd13 combination.

      Vha55 is one of the 18 loci identified in a screen for dominant modifiers of Pc and/or Antp phenotypes. Alleles of Pc, Pcl, Scm, Dll, brm, kto, Scr and trx show clear dominant enhancement or suppression of AntpScx, whereas alleles of vtd, Vha55, Su(Pc)37D, urd, mor, skd and osa do not.

      Most extreme hemizygous phenotype is embryonic lethality, even though homozygous Df(3R)kar3J, which lacks the locus entirely, dies during the first larval instar (Ish-Horowicz, Holden and Gehring, 1977). First instar larvae have transparent Malpighian tubules; autonomous in transplants. Two alleles isolated on the basis of their dominant suppression of ectopic sex-comb teeth in Pc4/+ males (Kennison and Tamkun, 1988).

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments
      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (27)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      V-type H+-ATPase
      Name Synonyms
      B subunit
      B subunit of V-ATPase
      V-ATPase B-subunit
      V-ATPase subunit B
      V1 B subunit
      Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55kD B subunit
      Vacuolar H+ATPase subunit B
      Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55-kDa B subunit
      Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55kD B subunit
      Vacuolar H+-ATPase 55kD subunit
      vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B
      vacuolar ATPase B subunit
      vacuolar H+-ATPase
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0002345
      • FBgn0011789
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 68 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (169)