SOD, superoxide dismutase, CuZnSOD, Cu-Zn SOD, dSOD1
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sod1 for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.42
Gene model reviewed during 5.44
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Gene model reviewed during 6.28
0.7-0.8 (northern blot)
0.7 (longest cDNA)
There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene
151 (aa); 15.75 (kD predicted)
Homodimer.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sod1 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: reference states "gut"
Comment: reference states "gut"
Comment: faint
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\Sod1 in JBrowse3-34
3-28.7
3-34.6
3-32.5
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Overexpression of Sod significantly increases adult life span by up to 48%. Life span is affected by epistatic interactions between the transgene and alleles at other loci.
The effect is clearly demonstrated using Scer\FRT constructs to control for genetic background effects.
In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.
Sod activity has been measured in 6 different Drosophila strains.
mRNA levels increase at adult day 5 in strain showing extended longevity phenotype (ELP).
Mutations in Sod individuals, as in humans, cause neuropathology. Missense mutations expected to destabilise Sod subunits and dimer assembly significantly impair the activity of normal subunits in heterozygotes for a wild type allele, resulting in significantly lower enzyme activity than expected in heterozygotes.
The Dwil\Sod gene region has been cloned and sequenced, and compared with the comparable region from D.virilis, D.melanogaster and D.simulans.
Transgenic flies carrying three copies of Sod+ and three copies of Cat+ exhibited as much as one third extension of life span, a longer mortality rate doubling time, a lower amount of protein oxidative damage and a delayed loss in physical performance. Results support the free radical hypothesis of aging.
Over expression of Sod by 32-42% above normal, using a Sod transgene, has a minor/insignificant effect on life span of the flies and their ability to withstand experimental oxidative stress, induced by paraquat or hypoxia. Those transgenics that show a small increase in life span also show a improvement in resistance to hypoxia but not paraquat. The maximum life span is not affected.
The more active Sod mutations are associated with postponed aging in laboratory stocks. No relationship was found with these mutations and a direct increase in life span or later fecundity, but this failure arose from a lack of experimental power. This negative result is not a pertinent refutation of the free radical mechanism of aging.
Camo\Sod has been cloned, sequenced and compared with the Sod genes from a number of Drosophila species, including D.melanogaster.
Comparison of CpG distribution in the coding region of 121 genes from six species supports the mCpG mutational hotspot explanation of CpG suppression in methylated species at position II-III and III-I.
Phylogenetic trees for 25 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases (including D.melanogaster Sod and Dvir\Sod) and 31 Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases (including D.melanogaster Sod2) have been constructed and the evolutionary rate of change for the two groups of proteins has been compared.
Examination of the free radical theory of aging and the activity of Sod.
The consequences of hypermorphic levels are studied using a duplication of a chromosomal region carrying Sod: confers increased resistance to ionizing radiation but decreased resistance to superoxide generating agents. Sod plays a vital role in maintaining normal adult longevity.
Sod has been cloned and sequenced.
The D.melanogaster Sod amino acid sequence has been compared to that of other species.
The structural gene for Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), a homodimer of 15,000 subunit molecular weight that contains two Cu++ and two Zn++ per molecule. Enzyme catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion, O2-, to H2O2, which in turn is converted into H2O by catalase and peroxidases. Enzyme purified (Lee, Ayala and Misra, 1981); shows homology to homologous mammalian enzymes but does not crossreact with anti-bovine-erythrocyte-SOD antibodies; specific activity 1.5 times that of other species. Amino acid sequence determined by Lee, Friedman and Ayala (1985b); 151 amino acid residues with molecular weight 15,750. Enzyme levels show little variation during development; slight rise in activity during adulthood (Graf and Ayala, 1986).
Source for identity of: Sod CG11793
Source for identity of: Sod1 Sod