H3, histone, PH3, histone 3, dH3
Nucleosome component - core histone - Histone H3 Serine 28 is essential for efficient Polycomb-mediated gene repression - transposon silencing is a major developmental function of H3K9 - JIL-1 targets Histone H3 during dosage compensation
AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts (via N-terminus di- or tri-methylated on Lys-10 (H3K9me2/3)) with rhi (via Chromo domain); this interaction is direct (PubMed:24906153, PubMed:25085419).
Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by Haspin during mitosis and interphase (PubMed:32750047). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by aurB/ial during mitosis and meiosis is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by JIL-1 during interphase is linked to gene activation and restricts the formation of heterochromatin at inappropriate sites. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259).
Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylated on Lys-15 during prophase I of meiosis. Phosphorylation of H2A 'Thr-119' is a prerequisite for H3 Lys-15 acetylation. Acetylation on Lys-15 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome.
Methylation at Lys-5 or Lys-80 is generally associated with active chromatin. Methylation at Lys-80 by gpp occurs at low levels in specific developmental stages and tissues undergoing active cell division, and at highest levels in epidermal cells undergoing differentiation (PubMed:14732680, PubMed:15175259, PubMed:15371351). Tri-methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me3) is generally associated with transcriptional repression (Probable). Tri-methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me3) is partly stimulated at specific chromatin loci by homologous piRNAs (PubMed:25085419). Tri-methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me3) stimulates recruitment of the Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff (RDC) complex to promote piRNA biogenesis (PubMed:24906153, PubMed:25085419).
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\His3 using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
His3 is strongly expressed in the embryonic anterior midgut at stage 13 and is downregulated by stage 14.
Comment: phosphorylated His3
Phosphorylated His3 is observed in single cells close to the hub cell, and in 8-cell clusters displaced from the hub cells in the apical tip of the testis.
Antibodies against His3.3 protein stain uniformly over the polytene chromosomes. His3.3 protein staining is seen in meiotic prophase chromatin of primary spermatocytes. One or two strongly staining foci were observed in each nucleus. The distribution of label coincides with the location of some of the Y-chromosomal lampbrush loops. At this stage His3 protein is observed mainly in the autosomal chromatin. In postmeiotic stages, His3.3 protein is observed in the protein body while the His3 protein is found mainly in the chromatin. During spermatid elongation, His3.3 protein is deposited in chromatin. At subsequent stages no major differences were observed in the distribution of His3 protein and His3.3 protein. In post-elongation spermatid cysts, the pattern of staining changes from an even distribution to a dispersed pattern. In mature sperm, no staining is observed.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\His3 in JBrowse2-55
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
monoclonal
New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : Stable cell lines expressing GFP-Rz-His3 (Rz is the hammerhead-ribozyme-based mRNA reporter that produces nonstop mRNA fragments) or GFP-His3 were established. A stable cell line that expresses GFP-ptc-His3 under the control of the Act5C promoter was created.
The canonical "H3.2" histone (His3, present in multiple copies in the genome as part of the repeating histone gene unit) and variant "His3.3" histone (encoded by His3.3A and His3.3B) forms can functionally replace each other. Cells are able to divide and differentiate when H3.2 is entirely absent but is replaced by S phase-expressed His3.3.
Cells that contain a non-methylatable residue instead of K4 in all canonical and variant H3 genes are competent to respond to major developmental signaling pathways by activating target gene expression, although their proliferative capacity is slowed down relative to wild type.
Genomic sites of H3K4Me3 and H3K27Me3 assayed in 0-12 hr. embryos; H3K4Me3 also assayed in S2 and Kc cells. See experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO: 16245 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16245).
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is present throughout the fly's life cycle. The eccDNA population contains circular multimers of tandemly repeated genes, including His3.
Area matching Drosophila Histone H3 gene, Acc. No. AB003784.
Methyl-K9 His3 protein and Su(var)205 protein co-localise to the heterochromatic region of polytene chromosomes.
The majority of replication-dependent histone gene transcripts are not polyadenylated and in addition two types of polyadenylated transcripts can be detected. A small proportion of the histone mRNAs bear a short poly(A) tail which is added to the 3' terminus of a partially degraded stem-loop structure. Polyadenylation signals can be located downstream of the stem-loop structure that can be used to generate mRNAs with a poly(A) tail.
Distinct specific subsets of lysines are utilised during deposition-related His4 diacetylation.
The TFIID complex interacts with the promoter of His3 making contacts at the TATA element, initiator, +18 and +28 regions.
The codon bias of the histone genes from D.melanogaster and D.hydei illustrates that the generalisation that abundantly expressed genes have a high codon bias and low rates of silent substitution does not hold for the histone genes.
The position of the homologous histone gene repeats within the nuclei of early embryo cells has been investigated. The two homologous histone gene clusters are distinct and separate through all stages of the cell cycle up to nuclear cycle 13. During interphase of cycle 14, the two clusters colocalise with high frequency, and move from near the midline of the nucleus towards the apical side.
DNA replication of the 5kb histone gene repeating unit in tissue culture cells (Drosophila Kc cells) initiates at multiple sites located within the repeating unit. Several replication pause sites are located at 5' upstream regions of some histone genes.
The genomic organisation of the histone genes in D.hydei closely resembles that of D.melanogaster.
The D.virilis core histone genes (Dvir\His2B, Dvir\His3, Dvir\His4 and Dvir\His2A), are arranged in the same order and orientation as the D.melanogaster core histone genes (His2B, His3, His4 and His2A). However, the His1 gene that is located between His2B and His3 in D.melanogaster is not found between Dvir\His2B and Dvir\His3 in D.virilis.
4.8kb and 5.0kb repeats containing the histone genes His1, His2A, His2B, His3 and His4 are present in all of the more than 20 D.melanogaster strains studied. The strains differ in the relative amounts of the two repeat types, with the 5.0kb repeat always present in equal or greater amounts than the 4.8kb repeat. The strains also differ in a number of far less abundant fragments containing histone gene sequences.
Encodes Histone-3. See HIS-C record.
Source for merge of: His3 anon-WO0118547.10
Source for merge of His3 anon-WO0118547.10 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).
