FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Allele: Dmel\polo11
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\polo11
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
FlyBase ID
FBal0218847
Feature type
allele
Associated gene
Associated Insertion(s)
Carried in Construct
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    Phenotypic Data
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    Unlike controls, polo1/polo11 S1-3 egg chambers show centrosomes retained at nurse cells; mid-to-late stage egg chambers show disrupted membranes between nurse cells.

    Several nuclei in prophase have one dislocated centrosome in syncytial embryos from heterozygous polo11 mutant mothers. Centrosome detachment can also be observed in prometaphase/metaphase. The centrosome dislocations seen in these embryos are transient and they have no lethal consequences on their own.

    A fraction of embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 display a very high percentage of mitoses in which a single centrosome detached from the nuclear envelope in prophase. This defect is extremely rare in wild-type embryos. The embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 develop to adulthood.

    polo11 mutants are completely sterile; these females lay normal numbers of eggs that do not hatch but do begin to turn brown.

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    The defects seen in embryos derived from females expressing mtrmScer\UAS.FL.T:Zzzz\FLAG under the control of Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 show higher penetrance and are more severe if the females are also heterozygous for polo11.

    No adult progeny are recovered from polo11/+ gwlscant/+ double heterozygous females mated to wild-type males.

    The embryos resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(3R)ED5474/+ mothers and wild-type fathers fail to hatch.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(2L)ED12527/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(2L)ED1315/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(3L)ED4483/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(3L)ED4486/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Df(3R)ED5330/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    The embryos resulting from the cross between polo11/+, twsj11C8 mothers and wild-type fathers fail to hatch. These embryos abort very early during syncitial divisions with most or all centrosomes detached already in the first few cycles.

    The embryos resulting from the cross between polo11/+, twsaar-1 mothers and wild-type fathers fail to hatch.

    Compared with wild-type controls, a lower than expected proportion of the embryos hatch resulting from the cross between polo11/+, mtsXE-2258/+ mothers and wild-type fathers.

    The embryos from mothers heterozygous polo11 and mtsXE-2258, of which a minority are able to hatch into larvae, show a high frequency of detached centrosomes at any stage of the mitotic cycles.

    The embryos resulting from the cross between polo11/+, Pp2A-29BEP2332/+ mothers and wild-type fathers hatch at wild-type rates.

    gwl6a/+ partially rescues the viability of embryos from mtsXE-2258/+, polo11/+ mothers.

    gwlSr18/+ partially rescues the viability of embryos from mtsXE-2258/+, polo11/+ mothers.

    The majority of embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 and overexpressing Map205Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in the germ-line driven by Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 fail to hatch. These embryos display a very high percentage of mitoses in which a single centrosome is detached from the nuclear envelope in prophase. This defect is extremely rare in wild-type embryos.

    Embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 and overexpressing Map205S283E.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in the germ-line driven by Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 hatch at a normal rate compared to wild-type controls. These embryos display a low but significant percentage of mitoses in which a single centrosome is detached from the nuclear envelope in prophase. This defect is extremely rare in wild-type embryos.

    The majority of embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 and overexpressing Map205S283A.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in the germ-line driven by Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16 fail to hatch. These embryos display a very high percentage of mitoses in which a single centrosome is detached from the nuclear envelope in prophase. This defect is extremely rare in wild-type embryos.

    The frequency of single centrosome detachment observed in embryos laid by mothers heterozygous for polo11 is suppressed by heterozygosity for Df(3R)A4-4L8.

    Females heterozygous for both polo11 and gwlscant lay eggs that die during development. These females lay normal numbers of eggs that do not hatch but do begin to develop and turn brown.

    polo11 gwlscant mitotic nuclei exhibit centrosomal loss in approximately 90% of syncytial embryos.

    polo11 gwlscant double heterozygous females produce embryos that frequently display centrosome disassociation from one pole. There is a slight but significant increase in defective spindles in embryos derived from polo11 gwlscant mutants compared to controls, indicating that a single mutant copy of these genes in mothers leads to mitotic defects at a low frequency.

    polo11 gwlscant double heterozygous-derived embryos show an initial detachment of one centrosome early in mitosis, before nuclear envelope breakdown. The free centrosome drifts away from the nucleus, and astral microtubule formation usually appears normal, though there is no asymmetric microtubule enhancement. A half-spindle is established by microtubules forming connections between the chromosomes and the centrosome still associated with the nuclear envelope. However, spindle bipolarity is often attained by microtubules growing from the chromosomes outwards. If a free centrosome is sufficiently close to this second half-spindle, it can reattach it to form a normal bipolar spindle containing two centrosomes and nuclear division completes normally. However, if the free centrosome drifts too far away from its spindle, it cannot be recaptured, and the monoastral spindle that forms initially is unfocussed at the pole lacking a centrosome. In some cases, monoastral bipolar spindles fuse with neighboring spindles and degenerate to give interconnecting arrays of microtubules. In other cases, the acentrosomal pole eventually focuses and anaphase occurs.

    Female germline expression of gwlL.Scer\UAS (under the control of Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16) in polo11 heterozygous females allows partial egg hatch (around 4%), and these embryos also show loss of centrosomes from spindles in early syncytial divisions.

    Female germline expression of gwlK97M.Scer\UAS (under the control of Scer\GAL4mat.αTub67C.T:Hsim\VP16) in polo11 heterozygotes causes complete sterility. These embryos show loss of centrosomes from very early mitotic spindles.

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    References (7)