FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\MED24
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\MED24
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Mediator complex subunit 24
Annotation Symbol
CG7999
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0035851
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated transcription of the MtnA, MtnB and MtnD genes. (UniProt, Q9VSF2)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Trap100, psg5, dTRAP100

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
66B11-66B12
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-22
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:8191270..8196573
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MSX2
(Gu et al., 2002)
enables transcription coregulator activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables transcription coregulator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000984923
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75448
(Boube et al., 2000)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in autophagic cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
involved_in positive regulation of programmed cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2010)
involved_in pupal development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2010)
involved_in regulation of programmed cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gu et al., 2002)
involved_in response to ecdysone
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Eip74EF; FB:FBgn0000567
(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
involved_in salivary gland histolysis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000984923
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mediator complex
inferred from direct assay
(Gu et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mediator complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000984923
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR021429
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
located_in nucleus
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75448
(Boube et al., 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 24 family. (Q9VSF2)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MEDIATOR CORE COMPLEX -
he Mediator (MED) complex serves as a hub for transcriptional signaling events, bridging transcriptional activators and repressors. This large multi-protein complex has a central core conserved from yeast to humans. The core is composed of three modules: head, middle, and tail. (Adapted from FBrf0226415 and FBrf0191850).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated transcription of the MtnA, MtnB and MtnD genes.
(UniProt, Q9VSF2)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\MED24 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VSF2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
MED24-RA
FBtr0076694
NM_139928
3199
993
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
MED24-PA
FBpp0076417
111.7
993
6.85
Q9VSF2
NP_648185
AAF50469
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least CDK8, MED4, MED6, MED11, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED27, MED28, MED30 and MED31.

(UniProt, Q9VSF2)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\MED24 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.79

Transcript Expression
dissected tissue
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: from -12 hr APF

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
prepupal stage P1 -- P4
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: slight rise at P4

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage -- pupal stage P5
organism
(Wang et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression increases after the prepupal (+10 hr APF) ecdysone pulse.

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of mediator complex
inferred from direct assay
(Gu et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\MED24 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of MED24
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of MED24
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 16 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\MED24
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Med24
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Med24
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\med24
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\cyp4b1.2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\med24
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\lin-25
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\MED24_ANOGA
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:MED24. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MED24; mediator complex subunit 24
    14 of 14
    607000
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        Select Layout:
        Legend:
        Protein
        RNA
        Selected Interactor(s)
        Other Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        MED24 - Bap60
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        MED24 - Cpsf6
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        MED24 - MED14
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        MED24 - MED17
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        MED24 - brm
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Other Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least CDK8, MED4, MED6, MED11, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED27, MED28, MED30 and MED31.
        (UniProt, Q9VSF2 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-22
        Cytogenetic map
        66B11-66B12
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        66B11-66B12
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Nmtj1C7 and P{lacW}l(3)L0139L0139
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        66B11-66C1
        (Southworth, 2000.7.26)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-22

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-19.0

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-34

        (Wang et al., 2008)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (10)
        Genomic Clones (20)
        cDNA Clones (30)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

            (Marr et al., 2006)

            dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of MED24 results in dorsal overextension of primary dendrites and a reduction in lateral branching. RNAi also causes defects in muscle, defects in dendrite morphogenesis but no obvious defects in da dendrite development.

            (Parrish et al., 2006)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments

            Source for identity of Trap100 CG7999 was sequence comparison ( date:000915 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: MED24 Trap100

            (Bourbon et al., 2004)

            Source for identity of: Trap100 CG7999

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (64)