FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\vri
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\vri
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
vrille
Annotation Symbol
CG14029
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0016076
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
vrille (vri) encodes a bZIP transcription factor acting as an enhancer of dpp phenotypes both in embryo and in wing. It is involved in hair and cell growth and in tracheal development. Vri is a clock-controlled gene acting as a repressor of the products of Clk and cry. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

jf23

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-16
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:5288944..5311223
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in circadian rhythm
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in circadian rhythm
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000392525
involved_in locomotor rhythm
non-traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004827, InterPro:IPR046347
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000392525
involved_in rhythmic behavior
traceable author statement
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000392525
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
vrille (vri) encodes a bZIP transcription factor acting as an enhancer of dpp phenotypes both in embryo and in wing. It is involved in hair and cell growth and in tracheal development. Vri is a clock-controlled gene acting as a repressor of the products of Clk and cry. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60-80 amino acid bZIP domain: a basic DNA binding domain followed by a leucine zipper dimerization domain. (Adapted from FBrf0152056).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

basic leucine zipper transcription factor - an enhancer of dpp during the development of dorsal/ventral polarity in the early embryo - a clock gene: suppression of the normal cycle of vri expression generates long-period rhythms or arrhythmicity - involved in hair and cell growth and in tracheal development W

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\vri for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VMS4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0079071
3841
729
FBtr0079070
3058
610
FBtr0300020
3455
729
FBtr0342936
3890
610
FBtr0346579
4068
729
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.8, 3.4 (northern blot)

6.2, 4.9, 3.8, 3.3, 1.9, 1.6 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0078706
78.3
729
8.54
FBpp0078705
64.9
610
7.25
FBpp0289297
78.3
729
8.54
FBpp0309715
64.9
610
7.25
FBpp0312171
78.3
729
8.54
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

610 aa isoforms: vri-PC, vri-PE
729 aa isoforms: vri-PA, vri-PD, vri-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments

Predicted from cDNA.

External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\vri using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.07

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult brain

Comment: vri expression is significantly higher at ZT16 than ZT4.

adult fat body

Comment: cyclical, peak ZT13-16

in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
plasmatocyte primordium

Comment: reported as plasmatocytes anlage

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 0-8 hr AEL

Comment: reference states >=4 hr AEL

RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: circadian oscillating expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression oscillates with the circadian cycle and peaks at ZT16, with the peak becoming less pronounced as flies age. The relative amount of mRNA is less in bodies compared to heads.

Expressed cyclically in the adult fat body.

vri mRNA shows rhythmic cycling under dark conditions with a peak at ZT14 and a trough at ZT2.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

vri protein is expressed in all of the clock neurons in the adult brain. It does not colocalise with GABAergic neurons labeled with ScerGAL4Gad1.PS.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{lacW}vrik03801
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{lacW}vrik05901
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{lacW}vrik09602
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{lacW}vrik09713
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{lacW}vrik11805
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\vri in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 30 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 34 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of vri
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of vri
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 19 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 19 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (20)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
2  
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2  
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (17)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (17)
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (14)
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (29)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:vri. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-16
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    25D4-25D5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}tkvk16713&P{lacW}l(2)k01302k01302 and P{lacW}vrik05901&P{PZ}cype03771
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    25D4-25D5
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (62)
    Genomic Clones (29)
    cDNA Clones (27)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Identified as a candidate gene for hypoxia-specific selection (via an experimental evolution paradigm) that is also differentially expressed between control and hypoxia-adapted larvae.

        Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days. Shows significant change of expression pattern in circadian mutant background; increased expression in per01, tim01 and decreased expression in ClkJrk background.

        Identified as one of 10 highest fold cycling genes as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Identified in S2/cycloheximide assay as a direct target of Clk mediated transcriptional regulation.

        vri RNA levels oscillate with a circadian rhythm. This cycling is required for a functional circadian clock.

        Mutants act as dominant enhancers of the ventralisation caused by dpp mutations. Mutants exhibit shortened wing vein phenotypes and enhance dpp phenotype in the wing, suggesting a requirement for vri in wing vein differentiation.

        Mutant alleles have embryonic ventralised phenotype.

        Mutant embryos show defects occurring in preblastoderm stages.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        l(2)25Db
        l(2)jf23
        mat(2)ea-G
        vri
        (Dopp et al., 2024, Hersperger et al., 2024, Li et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2023, Khatib et al., 2023, Richhariya et al., 2023, Yin et al., 2023, Abdalla et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Harris-Gauthier et al., 2022, Pegoraro et al., 2022, Sebastian et al., 2022, Yildirim et al., 2022, Ahmad et al., 2021, Du et al., 2021, Gunawardhana et al., 2021, Liu et al., 2021, Ma et al., 2021, Mazina et al., 2021, Rego et al., 2021, Rivas et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Beer and Helfrich-Förster, 2020, De Nobrega and Lyons, 2020, Helfrich-Förster et al., 2020, Mazina et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Xia et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Faragó et al., 2019, Harbison et al., 2019, Hsieh et al., 2019, Ke and Hsu, 2019, Martin Anduaga et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Ri et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Davie et al., 2018, Joos et al., 2018, Krzeptowski et al., 2018, Abruzzi et al., 2017, Gunawardhana and Hardin, 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Lee et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Ables et al., 2016, Jha et al., 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Maurer et al., 2016, Nikhil et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Andreazza et al., 2015, Giebultowicz and Long, 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Merbitz-Zahradnik and Wolf, 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Zordan and Sandrelli, 2015, Kumar et al., 2014, Shlyueva et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Weiss et al., 2014, Bai et al., 2013, Garbe et al., 2013, Itoh et al., 2013, Lim and Allada, 2013, Mehta and Cheng, 2013, Pandey et al., 2013, Rakshit and Giebultowicz, 2013, Rodriguez et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Luo et al., 2012, Monnier et al., 2012, Rakshit et al., 2012, Ruben et al., 2012, Spokony and White, 2012.5.22, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Goda et al., 2011, Grimberg et al., 2011, Itoh et al., 2011, Lamaze et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Scribner and Fathallah-Shaykh, 2011, Staiger and Koster, 2011, Xu et al., 2011, Dahdal et al., 2010, Kula-Eversole et al., 2010, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Szuplewski et al., 2010, Xie et al., 2010, Currie et al., 2009, Fathallah-Shaykh et al., 2009, Gummadova et al., 2009, Kadener et al., 2009, Kilman and Allada, 2009, Yu et al., 2009, Zheng et al., 2009, Bagheri et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.10.20, Kadener et al., 2008, Kivimäe et al., 2008, Long et al., 2008, Ogawa et al., 2008, Richier et al., 2008, Smith et al., 2008, T et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Boothroyd et al., 2007, Engström et al., 2007, Kadener et al., 2007, Keegan et al., 2007, Kuczenski et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, Matsumoto et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Yoshii et al., 2007, Kadener et al., 2006, Yu and Hardin, 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Liebl and Featherstone, 2005, Nelson et al., 2005, Smolen et al., 2004, Hall, 2003)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0001927
        • FBgn0002670
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 62 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (299)