FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\klar
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\klar
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
klarsicht
Annotation Symbol
CG17046
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0001316
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
klarsicht (klar) encodes a member of the Nesprin family that links microtubule motors and various cellular structures. It controls the migration and positioning of nuclei in photoreceptors and muscles. It also regulates the motion of RNP granules in oocytes and lipid droplets in embryos. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

marbles, marb, kls

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-0.5
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:434083..540614
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (27 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Lsd-2; FB:FBgn0030608
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Msp300; FB:FBgn0261836
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
Biological Process (17 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (16 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in flight
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in lipid transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in locomotion
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:klar; FB:FBgn0001316
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Msp300; FB:FBgn0261836
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Msp300; FB:FBgn0261836
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in tube morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
involved_in nuclear migration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with lipid droplet
inferred from direct assay
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012315
is_active_in nuclear envelope
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002726706
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the nesprin family. (Q9Y0E4)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
klarsicht (klar) encodes a member of the Nesprin family that links microtubule motors and various cellular structures. It controls the migration and positioning of nuclei in photoreceptors and muscles. It also regulates the motion of RNP granules in oocytes and lipid droplets in embryos. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
KASH DOMAIN GENES -
The KASH domain consists of a C-terminal transmembrane domain followed by a 30 amino acid domain sequence. This domain targets the protein to the outer leaflet of the nuclear membrane by interacting with SUN domain proteins. KASH proteins are involved in mediating nuclear interactions such as with the cytoskeleton for localisation of the nucleus. (Adapted from FBrf0189793).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton (By similarity). Plays a role in the nuclear positioning and links the nucleus to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) (PubMed:10556085, PubMed:15579692, PubMed:22927463). Collaborates with Klar to promote even spacing of the myonuclei at the periphery of striated muscle fibers by mediating a tight association between a nuclear ring structure of Msp300 and the plus ends of a unique astral microtubule (MT) network (PubMed:22927463).
(UniProt, Q9Y0E4)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
kls: klarsicht
Maternal effect mutant; without effect on viability or fertility of homozygotes. Homozygous females produce eggs with clear distinction between yolk and germ layers. Facilitates in vivo observation of developmental processes.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

controls bidirectional transport of lipid droplets, nuclear migration and transport of secretory vesicles - regulates microtubule stability and integrin receptor localization during collective cell migration

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
9

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\klar for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9Y0E4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model includes transcripts encoding non-overlapping portions of the full CDS.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0072565
8706
2262
FBtr0110818
8271
2045
FBtr0112807
3032
567
FBtr0112808
6867
1823
FBtr0333850
8642
2272
FBtr0333851
7528
1636
FBtr0333852
4934
1180
FBtr0343526
5689
1197
FBtr0343527
2708
511
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

8.5, 8.0 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0072464
245.2
2262
5.90
FBpp0110115
221.3
2045
5.75
FBpp0111719
62.1
567
5.44
FBpp0111720
197.4
1823
6.27
FBpp0305983
246.3
2272
6.00
FBpp0305984
176.9
1636
6.81
FBpp0305985
128.9
1180
6.40
FBpp0310130
129.1
1197
7.89
FBpp0310131
56.1
511
6.01
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Core component of LINC complexes which are composed of inner nuclear membrane SUN domain-containing proteins coupled to outer nuclear membrane KASH domain-containing nesprins (By similarity). Interacts with kud (PubMed:28716842). Interacts with Msp300; this interaction allows the anchoring of Msp300 nuclear ring structure to the nuclear envelope (PubMed:22927463).

(UniProt, Q9Y0E4)
Domain

The KASH domain mediates localization to the nuclear membrane (PubMed:15579692). Msp300 and Klar KASH domains cooperate to mediate the connection between a nuclear ring structure of Msp300 and the plus ends of a unique astral microtubule (MT) network (PubMed:22927463).

(UniProt, Q9Y0E4)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\klar using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.93

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression pattern inferred from unspecified enhancer trap line.

Prior to and during invagination of the salivary gland placodes klar transcripts were elevated in the dorsal and posterior cells.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Epitope-tagged klar protein is perinuclear in developing photoreceptors.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with lipid droplet
inferred from direct assay
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\klar in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 74 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of klar
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of klar
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
eye disc & nucleus | ectopic
nucleus & cone cell & eye disc
nucleus & eye photoreceptor cell & eye disc
photoreceptor cell & nucleus
photoreceptor cell & nucleus (with Df(3L)emc-E12)
rhabdomere & nucleus
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:klar. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Core component of LINC complexes which are composed of inner nuclear membrane SUN domain-containing proteins coupled to outer nuclear membrane KASH domain-containing nesprins (By similarity). Interacts with kud (PubMed:28716842). Interacts with Msp300; this interaction allows the anchoring of Msp300 nuclear ring structure to the nuclear envelope (PubMed:22927463).
(UniProt, Q9Y0E4 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Linkouts
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3L
Recombination map
3-0.5
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
61C1-61C3
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}trh10512 and P{EP}EP3104EP3104
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
61C4-61C7
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Location based on deficiency mapping.
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-0.0

Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (34)
Genomic Clones (60)
cDNA Clones (73)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        The klar β isoform restrains osk ribonucleoprotein motility and decreases posterior-ward translocation of osk mRNA in the oocyte.

        KASH forms of klar function in egg-laying.

        In embryos injected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene impairs the epithelial clouding phase of lipid droplet transport towards the minus end of microtubules.

        klar is required for nuclear attachment to the microtubule organizing centre.

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        snmRNA:438 is derived from the 3' UTR of klar.

        Area matching Drosophila EST AA696845 (inverted).

        klar may associate with Dynein.

        klar may have a direct mechanical role in nuclear migration.

        E. Wieschaus's laboratory has shown that marb is allelic to a previously identified locus named klar.

        klar facilitates changes in force during lipid droplet transport.

        klar is required for the apical nuclear migrations that accompany cell determination during eye development. The klar mutant phenotype reveals that cell determination does not require nuclear migration.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: klar marb

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        'klarsicht' is German for 'clear view'.

        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0002650
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 98 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (200)