While expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa ameliorates the behavioral phenotypes seen in Pink1B9 mutants, it achieves this without restoring complex I activity.
viable, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
Ubiquitous expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa throughout development and adulthood under the control of Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT (and treatment with RU486) results in an increase in the mean and maximum lifespans of female flies. Smaller effects are also seen in male flies. These long lived flies display normal food consumption and an increase in spontaneous physical activity in young flies. Young flies also show an increase in fecundity. Hypoxia resistance is similar to controls, but improved survival is seen following starvation. Expressing parkScer\UAS.cGa only during development has no major impact on adult longevity, whereas Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT>parkScer\UAS.cGa flies are significantly longer lived when exposed to RU486 exclusively in the adult stage.
Ubiquitous expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT results in reduced levels of protein aggregates during ageing compared to controls. The average size of aggregates is also significantly reduced.
The mitochondria of young and aged flies expressing parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT are fragmented (smaller and rounder) compared to controls. There is an increase in citrate synthase and mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and II activities in young flies, and an increase in citrate synthase activity in aged flies.
Constitutive expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa in neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO (and treatment with RU486) results in an increase in the mean and maximum lifespans of female flies. An increase in lifespan is also seen when expression is limited only to the adult stages. No major effect is seen in male flies. Neuronal expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa does not reduce food consumption or increase physical activity or fecundity in young flies. Improved survival is seen following starvation.
Neuronal expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO results in reduced levels of protein aggregates during ageing compared to controls.
The mitochondria of young and aged flies expressing parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT show an increase in citrate synthase in young flies and mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity in aged flies.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF does not have any detectable effect on eye morphology.
Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa has visible | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa, rho-7UAS.cWa has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, rho-7UAS.cWa
Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior phenotype of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI, Usp30UAS.cUa
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a is a suppressor of increased cell death | larval stage phenotype of Hsap\SNCAUAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive phenotype of ParisUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of decreased cell number | adult stage | progressive phenotype of ParisUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive phenotype of ParisUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI is a suppressor | partially of increased mortality during development phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive phenotype of ari-1A
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of short lived phenotype of ari-1T-GT15
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, cindrRNAi.PC.PD.UAS
Scer\GAL4ple.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4ple.PU, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PU is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage phenotype of Df(2R)BSC695, Scer\GAL4ple.PU, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PU is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage phenotype of Df(2R)BSC770, Scer\GAL4ple.PU, Stoml2GD16706
Scer\GAL4fln.IFM/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Df(2R)BSC695, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Df(2R)BSC770, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | third instar larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, cluGD13926
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of partially lethal - majority die phenotype of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, cluGD13926
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of abnormal flight phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of visible phenotype of Pink1B9
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4da.G32 is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | progressive phenotype of Rnor\Otcd.UAS, Scer\GAL4da.G32
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of increased cell death | adult stage phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of abnormal flight phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Pink1B9
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746DM.UAS, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a non-suppressor of decreased cell number | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746DM.UAS, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of partially lethal | recessive phenotype of ari-1T-GT15
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of abnormal locomotor behavior phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4ey-OK107/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone | adult stage | progressive phenotype of bskflp147E
Scer\GAL4da.G32, ari-1A, parkUAS.cGa has short lived phenotype
DJ-1αΔ72, Scer\GAL4da.PU, dj-1βΔ93, parkUAS.cGa has lethal phenotype
Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa has eye | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa has ommatidium | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa, rho-7UAS.cWa has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, parkUAS.cGa, rho-7UAS.cWa has interommatidial bristle phenotype, non-suppressible by HtrA2Δ1
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye | adult stage phenotype of Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of ommatidium | adult stage phenotype of Pink1UAS.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, rho-7UAS.cWa
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of interommatidial bristle phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, rho-7UAS.cWa
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a is a suppressor of embryonic/larval brain | larval stage phenotype of Hsap\SNCAUAS.cFa, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of dopaminergic neuron | adult stage | decreased number phenotype of ParisUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of dopaminergic neuron | adult stage | decreased number phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a suppressor of mitochondrion | adult stage phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell | third instar larval stage phenotype of ari-1A
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of nucleus | third instar larval stage phenotype of ari-1A
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, cindrRNAi.PC.PD.UAS
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is a suppressor of retina | P-stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, cindrRNAi.PC.PD.UAS
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is a suppressor of interommatidial cell | P-stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, cindrRNAi.PC.PD.UAS
Scer\GAL4fln.IFM/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Df(2R)BSC695, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Df(2R)BSC770, Scer\GAL4fln.IFM, Stoml2GD16706
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of mitochondrion | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR, cluGD13926
Scer\GAL4how-24B/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of mitochondrion | third instar larval stage phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4how-24B/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of embryonic/larval somatic muscle cell | third instar larval stage phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4da.G32/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of adult thorax phenotype of Pink1B9
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4da.G32 is a suppressor of mitochondrion phenotype of Rnor\Otcd.UAS, Scer\GAL4da.G32
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4da.G32 is a suppressor of indirect flight muscle cell phenotype of Rnor\Otcd.UAS, Scer\GAL4da.G32
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of wing phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of adult somatic muscle cell of thorax phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of mitochondrion phenotype of Pink15
Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor of adult thorax phenotype of Pink1B9
Scer\GAL4how-24B/parkUAS.cGa is a suppressor | partially of mitochondrial crista & indirect flight muscle phenotype of Pink15
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a is a non-suppressor of mitochondrion | larval stage phenotype of Hsap\SNCA1-120.UAS, Scer\GAL4Appl.G1a
parkUAS.cGa, Scer\GAL4ple.PF is a non-suppressor of dopaminergic neuron | adult stage | decreased number phenotype of Hsap\ZNF746DM.UAS, Scer\GAL4ple.PF
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of mitochondrion | third instar larval stage phenotype of Pink15
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of mitochondrial crista | third instar larval stage phenotype of Pink15
Scer\GAL4da.PU/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell | third instar larval stage phenotype of Pink15
Scer\GAL4ey-OK107/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of alpha/beta Kenyon cell phenotype of bskflp147E
Scer\GAL4ey-OK107/parkUAS.cGa is a non-suppressor of gamma Kenyon cell phenotype of bskflp147E
The wing posture defects induced by the expression of Stoml2GD16706 under the control of Scer\GAL4fln.IFM alone, or in combination with heterozygosity for either Df(2R)BSC695 or Df(2R)BSC770, are fully suppressed by the co-expression of parkUAS.cGa.
The decreased adult climbing capacity observed upon the expression of Stoml2GD16706 under the control of Scer\GAL4ple.PU alone, or in combination with heterozygosity for either Df(2R)BSC695 or Df(2R)BSC770, is fully suppressed by the co-expression of parkUAS.cGa.
The larval locomotor deficit, very low adult eclosion rate as well as the mitochondrial morphology (enlarged clustered mitochondria) and functional (loss of inner mitochondrial potential measured using cationic fluorescent dye JC-1) defects in adult indirect flight muscles characteristic for animals expressing cluGD13926 under the control of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR can be suppressed by co-expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa.
The enlarged or aggregated mitochondria phenotype observed in the body wall muscles of Pink1B9 hemizygous male third instar larvae is suppressed either by combination with mask10.22/maskEY13048 alleles or by ectopic expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4how-24B.
Ubiquitous expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.PU restores climbing and flight ability in Pink1B9 mutant flies.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.PU rescues the reduction in ATP level seen in Pink1B9 mutant flies, but complex I activity is not significantly increased.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 fails to suppress the axon degeneration seen in bskflp147E mutant mushroom body neuron clones.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.G32 significantly suppresses the penetrance of the indented thorax phenotype seen in Pink1B9 mutants. This suppression is reduced if the flies are also carrying either ref(2)Pod2 or ref(2)Pod3.
The ability of parkScer\UAS.cGa expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4da.G32 to suppress the Pink1B9 mutant phenotypes of an indented thorax and reduced climbing ability is suppressed if the flies are also mutant for Atg1Δ3D.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.PU results in lethality in the DJ-1αΔ72/DJ-1αΔ72, dj-1βΔ93/dj-1βΔ93 double mutant background.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4da.PU rescues the wing posture defect and thoracic muscle apoptosis phenotype of Pink1B9/Pink1B9 mutants.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR partially rescues the defects in mitochondrial morphology that are seen in the indirect flight muscles of Pink15 mutants.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR fully rescues the thoracic indentation and flight phenotypes of Pink1B9 mutants.
The rough eye phenotype of flies expressing Pink1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is enhanced by co-expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa.
Co-expression of Pink1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 and parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in a severe rough eye phenotype, which greatly exceeds that conferred when Pink1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 is expressed alone. This phenotype is not suppressed in a HtrA2Δ1 mutant background.
No eye phenotypes are observed when parkScer\UAS.cGa and HtrA2Scer\UAS.cPa are co-expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa enhances the rough eye phenotype seen when rho-7Scer\UAS.cWa is expressed under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, resulting in severe loss of eye tissue. This phenotype is not suppressed by HtrA2Δ1.
The indirect flight muscles of 2 day old Pink15 adults that are also expressing parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of Scer\GAL4how-24B have some mitochondria with normal densely packed cristae and some with fragmented cristae, in contrast to 2 day old Pink15 single mutants, where the mitochondria of the indirect flight muscles have fragmented cristae.
Co-expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa rescues the age-dependent defect in climbing ability seen in flies expressing Rnor\Otcd.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4da.G32. The defects in indirect flight muscle structure and mitochondrial integrity are also suppressed.
Co-expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa is no longer able to suppress the defects in climbing ability and indirect flight muscle structure seen in flies expressing Rnor\Otcd.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4da.G32 when the flies are also mutant for Atg1Δ3D.
parkUAS.cGa rescues parkΔ21/park25
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu partially rescues parkZ3678/park25
Scer\GAL4G14/parkUAS.cGa partially rescues parkZ3678/park25
Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU/parkUAS.cGa partially rescues park25
parkUAS.cGa/Scer\GAL4elav.PLu partially rescues park25
Scer\GAL4G14/parkUAS.cGa partially rescues park25
Scer\GAL4ple.PF/parkUAS.cGa partially rescues park25
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa under the control of the Scer\GAL4how-24B driver rescues the defective mitochondria observed in body wall muscles of park25/parkΔ21 third instar larvae.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa with a global (Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU) or neuronal (Scer\GAL4elav.PLu), but not muscle (Scer\GAL4G14), driver rescues locomotion in park25/parkZ3678 larvae; global and neuronal (but not muscle) expression partially rescues locomotion in park25/park25 larvae; neuronal but not muscle driver rescues contraction frequency in park25/park25 larvae; muscle expression rescues muscle resting membrane potential but not synaptic potential in park25/parkZ3678 larvae; neuronal expression partially rescues synaptic potential but not muscle resting membrane potential in park25/parkZ3678 larvae; global, neuronal and muscle drivers rescue synaptic overgrowth in park25/park25 larvae.
Expression of parkScer\UAS.cGa in the PPL neurons, under the regulation of Scer\GAL4ple.PF significantly attenuates dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss in the PPL cluster in park25 mutants.
The addition of parkScer\UAS.cGa driven by Scer\GAL4how-24B or Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR rescues the flight and climbing behaviour defects seen in park13/Df(3L)Pc-MK animals. parkScer\UAS.cGa driven by Scer\GAL4how-24B rescues the mitochondrial and myofibril defects seen in park25/Df(3L)Pc-MK indirect flight muscles.