Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ple.PU (in combination with GAL80ts to limit expression to adult stage) does not result in any change in PPL1 dopaminergic neuron number, but does disrupt climbing ability.

Flies expressing Scer\GAL4^R6>Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} fail to survive to adulthood. When using tubGal80[ts], at both permissive and restrictive temperature, the Scer\GAL4^R6>Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} flies exhibit normal light-dependent temperature preference.

Inhibition of Ilp7 neurons, through the expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ilp7.PC, consistently causes one or more eggs to be 'jammed' in the reproductive tract. Females with inhibited Ilp7 neurons show clear acetic acid attraction, despite their inability to lay eggs. The removal of yeast paste results in a reduction in egg jamming and acetic acid attraction, suggesting that the persistent presence of eggs in the tract triggers acetic acid attraction.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of both Scer\GAL4^ppk.PG and Scer\GAL80^ppk.1.0 causes eggs to remain jammed in the female reproductive tract. These females do not show acetic acid attraction.

Restricting Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} expression to the adult stage (through Scer\GAL4^{ppk.Switch.PR}) still results in reduced acetic acid attraction when egg laying.

Silencing of neurons expressing ppk29 through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ppk29.3.612 impairs the inhibition of female contact-induced male-male aggression seen in wild type males that have previously been exposed to females.

Silencing neurons through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^5-HT1B.PY (limited to 2 days prior to the assay using Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B) impairs the inhibition of female contact-induced male-male aggression seen in wild type males that have previously been exposed to females.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf results in silencing of electrical membrane activity in the large lateral ventral circadian clock neurons (lLN[[V]]s).

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of either Scer\GAL4^GMR38H02, Scer\GAL4^GMR15B07, Scer\GAL4^Aph-4-c232 or Scer\GAL4^SLC5A11.1.1 and incubated at 29[o]C for 40 hours prior to 18 hours of starvation at 29[o]C show defects in taste-independent nutrient selection, failing to show the wild-type preference for D-glucose over L-glucose in a two-choice test assay. Expression under the control of either Scer\GAL4^GMR28D01 or Scer\GAL4^lilli-189Y does not result in this defect.

Mating is almost completely suppressed in males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^{natalisin.Hsim\VP16}.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^E564 during the adult stage (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele to limit expression to this stage) results in almost 100% of flies showing constitutive proboscis extension. These flies show greatly reduced activity in a walking assay.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.PU during adulthood (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele to restrict the stage of expression) results in a significant decrease in ethanol sedation sensitivity compared to wild type.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in the RP2 motor neurons (using the Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK driver to drive expression of Scer\FLP1^Scer\UAS.cUa which then induces clones of cells expressing Scer\GAL4^Act.PU) results in a significant decrease in the number of dendritic branches and total dendrite length compared to controls.

When neurons in the Bolwig's organ are inactivated by the expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PFa, larval light avoidance is abolished.

When class IV da neurons are inactivated by the expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ppk.1.9, larval light avoidance is abolished.

When exposed to a light/dark choice, wild-type larvae show a strong preference to pupariate in the dark. This behaviour is abolished by inactivating the Ptth-expressing neurons via the expression of Scer\GAL4^Ptth.cMa>Hsap\KCNJ2.

Early third instar larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of "BL-Gal4" (a combination of Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu, Scer\GAL80^tsh-GAL80 and Scer\GAL80^Cha.PK) during the larval stage (the temperature-sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele is used to restrict expression to this stage) undergo normal pause turns (the frequency and angle of turns is normal).

Early third instar larvae expressing shi^{K44A.Scer\UAS} under the control of "BL+sens-Gal4" (a combination of Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu and Scer\GAL80^tsh-GAL80) at the restrictive temperature show defects in crawling, barely progressing over the substrate. They perform few slowly propagating peristaltic waves, alternating with pause turns.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ast.2.1 (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele to restrict expression to the adult stage) significantly increases the fraction of flies that feed within 1 hour following 24 hours of starvation (with a food source of 100mM sucrose plus 500mM NaCl).

The gross morphology of the projection neurons appears normal in larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Orco.PU. However, there is a small but significant increase in projection neuron dendrite occupancy within the antennal lobe compared to controls. Action potentials can not be recorded from the larval olfactory sensory neurons.

First instar larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lim3b have a significantly higher proportion of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) with immature-like morphologies (with broad axonal terminals and multiple filopodia that are more characteristic of earlier developmental stages) than control larvae. The OSNs occupy a larger percentage of the antennal lobe synaptic volume than controls.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Trh.PB show reduced flight ability in a cylinder drop test.

Air-puff stimulated flight responses of the dorsal longitudinal indirect flight muscle (DLM) of tethered flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Trh.PB are different to wild type. In 12/30 cases the electrophysiological response was reduced to less than 5 seconds, in 9/30 cases an intermittent response was seen, and 9/30 flies showed sustained electrophysiological responses similar to controls.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC (the temperature-sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele is used to prevent expression during development) fail to show the normal preference for ethanol in an olfactory choice assay.

Females expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.391 mate normally within 1 hour, show normal copulation durations and are fertile.

Flies in which expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.391 is restricted to the adult stage (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele) show increased copulation duration and reduced male fertility compared to controls.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.2fa show normal copulation durations.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.391 and decapitated during mating show an increased duration of copulation compared to controls.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.391 in males results in an increase in the duration of copulation by five-fold, and in male infertility. Courtship index of the males is normal.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Crz.391 fail to transfer either sperm or seminal fluid to females during copulation.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of either Scer\GAL4^CrzR.3.5 or Scer\GAL4^Trh.1.0 are sterile and fail to transfer either sperm or seminal fluid to females during copulation. Copulation duration is normal.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ppk23.2.336 do not show courtship towards males perfumed with 7,11-heptacosadiene (control males show vigorous courtship towards these perfumed males).

Flies in which the expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of either Scer\GAL4^DAT.PL or Scer\GAL4^ple.PF is limited (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele) to the adult stage for 16 hours prior to assaying show abnormal temperature-preference behaviour; they show a severe loss in cold avoidance, with many of the flies moving towards the 15[o]C area (the lower limit of the assay apparatus).

Wild-type mated females often excrete fecal deposits which are extremely concentrated, referred to as reproductive oblong deposits (RODs), compared to the fecal deposits of wild-type males and wild-type virgin females. Mated females expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^eve.RN2 show reduced ROD production compared to wild-type females.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 during the adult stage (using the temperature sensitive Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B allele to restrict the timing of expression) results in the mutant flies producing more concentrated fecal deposits of a much smaller size than those produced by control flies. These phenotypes are seen after only 24 hours of expression. After 4 days of expression, the flies become bloated; the abdominal diameter is much larger than that of controls. The average weight of the mutant flies is increased compared to controls, although the average dry weight is comparable in mutant and wild-type flies, indicating that the mutant flies are showing fluid retention. The defecation rate of the mutant flies after 4 days of expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 is doubled compared to controls.

Adults expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ilp7.PY show an increased fecal output compared to controls after 24 hours on a low calorie diet, while after 72 hours on the low calorie diet, the defecation rate of mutant and wild-type flies is comparable.

Adults expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ilp2.215-3 show a decreased fecal output on a low calorie diet compared to controls.

In the absence of inducer (RU486), flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Pdf.Switch1a display normal circadian locomotor activity. In the presence of RU486, flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Pdf.Switch1a display impaired circadian locomotor rhythm. The circadian locomotor rhythm defects resulting from short-term Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP}-overexpression are reversible. Long term Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP}-overexpression (from early development into adulthood) triggers irreversible effects on locomotor behaviour.

Overexpression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Pdf.Switch1a completely abolishes neuronal activity without affecting the survival of large LNv neurons. The electrical silencing of LNv neurons is reversible. It depends on the presence of RU486.

Brains expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Pdf.Switch1a display grossly normal axon projections at the dorsal protocerebrum. However, the total number of axonal crosses is reduced, compared with wild-type, displaying a degree of complexity during the subjective day which resembles the night-time configuration of wild-type.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in DA neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^ple.PF causes a phase shift in circadian locomotor activity and gradually extends the circadian periodicity.

Silencing all tim neurons through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^tim.PE severely disrupts the fly's capacity for light avoidance. However, expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in the lateral neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf does not affect light avoidance.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in all circadian clock neurons but not the lateral neurons (through the use of Scer\GAL4^tim.PE and Scer\GAL80^Pdf.PS) results in reduced light avoidance.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^cry.PZ results in larvae displaying an increased light avoidance phenotype.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in circadian clock neurons (under the control of Scer\GAL4^tim.PE but not cry-expressing neurons (through expression of Scer\GAL80^cry.PS) results in a reduced light avoidance phenotype.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^238Y (restricted to the adult stages using Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B) results in gross locomotor defects in the absence of ethanol. Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} during adult stages under the control of either Scer\GAL4^4.64 or Scer\GAL4^10.229 results in flies that exhibit reduced ethanol-induced hyperactivity compared to controls. A reduction in hyperactivity is also seen when Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} is expressed under the control of the α/β core/surface subset specific driver Scer\GAL4^17d.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC results in the complete elimination of type II innervation. In 60% of the nerves examined, these axons stalled in the segmental nerve. However, in 31% of cases the axons travel the entire distance from the central nervous system and stall close to the neuromuscular junction without innervating the muscles.

Larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in octopaminergic neurons under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC and Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B, raised at 18[o]C (the restrictive temperature) and then switched to 29[o]C at the third-instar larval stage do not display any abnormality in type II bouton morphology. In contrast, blocking activity from the late second-instar stage results in breaks in type II arbors. This phenotype is most pronounced when activity is blocked from the late first-instar larval stage.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in octopaminergic neurons, under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC, results in the elimination of type II boutons. The absence of type II innervation leads to a substantial reduction in the number of type I boutons.

Median and maximum lifespan is significantly reduced as a result of expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2.

Many adults expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 develop small necrosis in the proboscis and Malpighian tubules.

Resistance to dry starvation is reduced in flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2.

When males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 are tested for trehalose sensitivity, they show an impaired gustatory response.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 show different responses to the odorants isoamyl acetate, ethyl acetate and benzaldehyde than do wild-type flies.

Females expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 show different responses to the odorants isoamyl acetate and ethyl acetate than do wild-type flies.

Bitter compounds (such as quinine and berberine) are significantly more strongly avoided by flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 than by wild-type control flies. Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Lk.2.2 respond in the same way as wild-type controls for some other bitter tastes and NaCl.

Silencing the mushroom body intrinsic neurons through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR9A11, Scer\GAL4^GMR10B08, Scer\GAL4^GMR67B04 or Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107 has no significant effect on the performance of flies in visual place learning. Silencing in the mushroom bodies leads to a total loss of odour learning.

Silencing subsets of neurons with projections to the central complex ellipsoid body, through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR15B07 or Scer\GAL4^GMR28D01 dramatically impairs visual place learning. These flies display normal locomotor, optomotor, thermosensory and visual pattern discrimination behaviours. These flies display no change in odour learning.

Silencing a subset of ring neurons through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR38H02 leaves visual place learning intact.

Ventral lateral LN(v) neurons expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} show reduced or no calcium responses upon light stimulation.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^TrpA1.PR impairs avoidance of citronellal in a direct airborne repellent test (DART) assay.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^{Orco.2.642.T:Hsim\VP22} strongly impairs avoidance of citronellal in a direct airborne repellent test (DART) assay.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1 blocks the ability of synthetic 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) to promote male-male aggression.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1 blocks the ability of synthetic cVA to suppress male mating towards females.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Or65a.PF does not impair the ability of synthetic cVA to promote male-male aggression and to suppress male mating towards females.

The ability of the presence of males (these donor males are caged in a meshed compartment so that they can act as a donor of pheromones but they cannot interact physically with the tested males) to enhance aggression in other males is eliminated by expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1 in the tested males.

Males expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1 do not show increased dispersal in the presence of synthetic cVA, unlike control flies, when several males are placed in a setting to compete for a limited food resource territory.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ple.PF (but not under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ddc.HL9) at 30[o]C blocks action-contingent averse conditioning.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of either Scer\GAL4^ple.PF or Scer\GAL4^Ddc.HL9 at 30[o]C results in a decrease in basal locomotor activity to less than 25% of baseline.

Flies expressing the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in Tdc2-expressing neurons (i.e under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC) show significant decreases in lunging, tussling, and wing-threats. There is no significant change in chasing or total distance travelled.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of either Scer\GAL4^lilli-189Y or Scer\GAL4^17d show defects in temperature preference behavior.

Impairment of mushroom body neuron function through expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} (under the control of Scer\GAL4^lilli-189Y or Scer\GAL4^17d) results in flies that show defects in temperature preference behavior. Loss of preference for the usual 24-25[o]C is also seen when Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} is expressed in the antennae and antennal lobe under the control of Scer\GAL4^Orco.PU. No defects are observed when Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} is expressed in the maxillary palp (Scer\GAL4^Or33c.PG or Scer\GAL4^Or85e.PU), the fan-shaped body (Scer\GAL4^104Y or Scer\GAL4^NP6561), the ellipsoid body (Scer\GAL4^Aph-4-c507), clock cells (Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf), the SOG/proboscis (Scer\GAL4^MJ63, Scer\GAL4^Gr2a.2.240, Scer\GAL4^Gr32a.3.776 or Scer\GAL4^Gr66a.3.153) or in endocrine cells (Scer\GAL4^Akh.PG).

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in the mushroom body under the control of Scer\GAL4^c309, Scer\GAL4^c747 or Scer\GAL4^c739 (restricted to 16 hours expression from day three of adulthood onwards using Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B) show cryophilic temperature preference behavior. When flies are then transferred back to the restrictive temperature for three days the defects are reversed. Cryophilic behavior is also observed when Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} is expressed in the dorsal paired neurons (DPN) under the control of Scer\GAL4^c316.

Overexpression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} with Scer\GAL4^burs.PP results in almost all animals failing to expand their wings, and a significant pupal lethality (170 of 371 animals).

Flies containing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} and Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B, driven by Scer\GAL4^burs.PP, fail to expand their wings at the restrictive temperature of 31[o]C, but expand their wings normally at the permissive temperature of 18[o]C. Almost all of these animals survive pupal development if grown at 18[o]C and then transferred to 31[o]C at the latest stages of development, but fail to expand their wings, in contrast to those raised only at 18[o]C. This phenotype is evident in a substantial number of animals when they are transferred to 31[o]C as late as 8 days after puparium formation.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^cry.PE in the presence of Scer\GAL80^Pdf.PS show reduced nighttime sleep compared to controls.

Females expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tre.8.5.cCa show a decrease in egg-laying bias against a sucrose containing medium compared to control females.

Females expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ilp7.PY show no discernible developmental defects but display virtually no ovipositor motor programs and thus are sterile.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^E409 (Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B also present in the flies has been inactivated by raising the flies overnight at 30^oC) show reduced preference for soluble CO₂ compared to wild-type controls.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^E409 (Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B also present in the flies has been inactivated by raising the flies overnight at 30^oC) avoid 1% gas-phase CO₂, as do wild-type flies.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC produces sterile female flies which show an egg retention phenotype, similar to that seen in Tdc2^RO54 flies.

Adult males which express Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC show a significant decrease in locomotor activity compared to control lines. These flies are also hypersensitive to cocaine but show similar behavioral sensitization to repeated doses of cocaine to control flies.

Targeted expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} driven by Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PP results in dramatic alterations in the architecture of the CSD interneuron (CSDn).

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^{Mef2.247.Switch} (in the presence of RU486) causes a significant increase in sleep.

Flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} (under the control of Scer\GAL4^Ccap.PP) die with head eversion defects and foreshortened wings and legs, with only <1% surviving to adulthood. Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^dimm-929 is lethal early in larval development. This effect is not blocked by co-expression of Scer\GAL80^Ccap.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP}, under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf induces behavioural arrhythmicity.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} throughout the CNS, using Scer\GAL4^elav-C155 as a driver, results in paralysis and a significant inhibition of embryonic ventral nerve cord condensation.

When Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} is driven by Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf mutant animals exhibit a reduced sensitivity to cocaine.

Third instar larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^dimm-929 show altered locomotion compared to wild-type larvae; there is a significant reduction in average crawling speed, although there is no change in turning rate.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF at 25^oC results in 80 +/- 2% lethality. Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF results in defects in the Bolwig's nerve and lateral neurons in third instar larvae.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf does not alter the number of adult lateral pacemaker neurons, and they show their normal dorso-medial projection into the central brain. Almost all flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf are arrhythmic with respect to free-running locomotor activity. In LD conditions, flies expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf begin to increase their activity about 4 hours before lights-off (wild-type flies begin to increase their activity about 2 hours before lights-off).

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} in the aCC using Scer\GAL4^eve.RRC results in the almost total absence of excitatory junctional currents in its target muscle (DA1). Spontaneous release of neurotransmitter however, is unaffected. Frequency of synaptic input to the aCC is unaffected, although sustained currents fail to trigger action potentials. Peak I_Kfast and I_Na in the aCC show no significant differences compared to controls.

Photoreceptor cells expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^ninaE.PT display a large potassium conductance immediately on establishing the whole-cell configuration in vitro, but light responses are unaffected. The conductance (IRK) shows the inwardly rectifying properties of Hsap\KCNJ2 and its characteristic voltage-dependent block by external Ca²⁺. Under control conditions, the IRK current is maintained for the life of the recording (up to 20 minutes) as long as ATP is included in the pipette. In the absence of ATP the current gradually decays. Following stimulation by light under control conditions, the IRK current shows at most a slight suppression. In the presence of La³⁺, the IRK current is profoundly suppressed in response to light stimulation. Following suppression, the IRK recovers to preillumination levels over a period of approximately 1 minute. The light-induced suppression of the IRK current in the presence of La³⁺ is reduced when Li⁺ is present during the inactivation stimulus.

Larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW do not show a dramatic alteration in synapse morphology at the neuromuscular junction, although there is a small but statistically significant decrease both in muscle size and bouton number at synapses expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW. There is no significant change in bouton size at these synapses compared to wild type.

Expression of Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW alters the passive membrane properties of muscles. The resting membrane potential is hyperpolarised by approximately 15mV, the input resistance is lowered approximately 50-fold and the muscle membrane time constant is ten times faster compared to controls.

The average amplitude of spontaneous miniature-release events (mEPSPs) of muscles expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW is decreased approximately 50% compared to controls. Evoked synaptic depolarisations (EPSPs) are approximately 30% larger than those in control animals and depolarise the muscle to the same absolute membrane potential as in the wild type.

There is no difference in the average amplitude of the spontaneous miniature synaptic currents (mEPSCs) in larvae expressing Hsap\KCNJ2^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} under the control of Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PW compared to controls. The mEPSC frequency is increased by approximately 50% compared to controls. The amplitude of the evoked synaptic current (EPSC) is increased by 34% and there is a significant increase in quantal content compared to wild type.

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^NP3253 has increased occurrence of cell division phenotype, suppressible | partially by upd3^Δ

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^odd-MC has abnormal chemosensory behavior | larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Bhal\NaChBac^UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^odd-MC

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^odd-MC has abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage phenotype, suppressible by Bhal\NaChBac^UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^odd-MC

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK has abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially | somatic clone by Adf1^{S64D.S184D.UAS.Tag:FLAG}, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf has abnormal locomotor rhythm phenotype, suppressible by Bhal\NaChBac^UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP/Scer\GAL4^Rab11.6.14.3 is a suppressor | partially of abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | conditional phenotype of Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.13XLexAop2.Venus}, Ecol\lexA^GMR27H06

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP/Scer\GAL4^GMR82E12 is a suppressor | partially of abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | conditional phenotype of Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.13XLexAop2.Venus}, Ecol\lexA^GMR27H06

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP/Scer\GAL4^Ilp7.PY is a suppressor | partially of abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | conditional phenotype of Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.13XLexAop2.Venus}, Ecol\lexA^GMR27H06

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^Ilp7.PY, Scer\GAL4^GMR82E12 is a suppressor | partially of abnormal locomotor behavior | larval stage | conditional phenotype of Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.13XLexAop2.Venus}, Ecol\lexA^GMR27H06

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP/Scer\GAL4^Tk is a suppressor | partially of abnormal behavior | adult stage | conditional phenotype of Cnoc\ChR1::Csub\ChR^{CsChrimson.IVS.13XLexAop2.Venus}, Ecol\lexA^GMR15A01

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^AstA.2.1 is a suppressor of abnormal starvation stress response phenotype of Bhal\NaChBac^UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^AstA.2.1

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf is a suppressor of abnormal locomotor rhythm phenotype of Bhal\NaChBac^UAS.cNa, Scer\GAL4^P2.4.Pdf

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\GAL4^NP3253 has intestinal stem cell phenotype, suppressible | partially by upd3^Δ

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK has dendrite | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially | somatic clone by Adf1^{S64D.S184D.UAS.Tag:FLAG}, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK

Hsap\KCNJ2^UAS.EGFP, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK has larval RP2 motor neuron | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially | somatic clone by Adf1^{S64D.S184D.UAS.Tag:FLAG}, Scer\FLP1^UAS.cUa, Scer\GAL4^Act.PU, Scer\GAL4^eve.RRK