Cells expressing Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and analysed using FACS technology show no detectable phenotype. When CycDScer\UAS.cDa expression is driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF or Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, no eye overgrowth is seen.
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm5k06801
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm510424
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm5UASp.cSa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Ets97D613/Df(3R)ro80b
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Ets97Dtne-1
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased cell size phenotype, suppressible by mRpL1210534
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell number | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by mRpL1210534
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R6
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R11
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased cell size phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R6
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hph[+]/Hph02255
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm5k06801
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm510424
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm5UASp.cSa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3L)29A6
Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor of visible phenotype of E2f1RNAi.UAS.cJa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor of visible phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP is a suppressor of decreased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | larval stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, ptcUAS.cCa
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor | partially of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor | partially of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor | partially of decreased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor | partially of abnormal size | adult stage phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4repo.PU, btl::Egfrλ.UAS has neoplasia | third instar larval stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased cell size phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has visible phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal mitotic cell cycle phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal size phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR has increased cell number phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell number | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4unspecified has abnormal cell growth | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4en-e16E has increased cell number phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has abnormal cell growth | somatic clone phenotype
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa has visible phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell number | somatic clone | cell autonomous phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has abnormal size | somatic clone | cell autonomous | adult stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has hyperplasia | somatic clone | cell autonomous | adult stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell number | somatic clone | cell autonomous | adult stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev has abnormal size | adult stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4F4 has abnormal size phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has increased cell size | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm5k06801
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm510424
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-enhanceable by Kdm5UASp.cSa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has fat body | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Ets97D613/Df(3R)ro80b
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has fat body | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Ets97Dtne-1
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has mitochondrion | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by Ets97Dtne-1
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R6
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R6
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R11
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by Df(3L)Scf-R11
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, suppressible by mRpL1210534
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible by mRpL1210534
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hph[+]/Hph02255
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, suppressible | partially by Hph[+]/HphS030304
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm5k06801
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm510424
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Kdm5UASp.cSa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3L)29A6
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype, non-suppressible by Df(3L)29A6
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.Tag:MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye disc phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, upd1UAS.cCa
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.Tag:MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, upd1UAS.cCa
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.Tag:MYC, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF is an enhancer of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, upd1UAS.cCa
Scer\GAL4GMR.PU, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor of eye phenotype of E2f1RNAi.UAS.cJa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor of eye phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP is a suppressor of wing disc | somatic clone phenotype of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP, ptcUAS.cCa
CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH is a suppressor | partially of eye phenotype of Scer\GAL4ey.PH, Tsc1UAS.cTa, gigUAS.cTa
Scer\GAL4ey.PH, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor of eye phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
Scer\GAL4ey.PH, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4D175N.UAS.Tag:MYC is a suppressor | partially of eye phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4ey.PH
Scer\GAL4hs.2sev, CycDUAS.cDa/Cdk4UAS.cMa is a suppressor | partially of eye phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev is a suppressor of eye phenotype of RbfUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has mitochondrion | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP has fat body | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4repo.PU, btl::Egfrλ.UAS has glial cell | increased number | third instar larval stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has ommatidium phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has wing disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR has germline stem cell phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4unspecified has mitochondrion phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4en-e16E has wing phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has interommatidial bristle phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has wing | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 has wing | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PC has wing | somatic clone phenotype
Cdk4UAS.Tag:MYC, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye disc & photoreceptor cell phenotype
Cdk4D175N.UAS.Tag:MYC, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev has eye phenotype
Cdk4D175N.UAS.Tag:MYC, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has rhabdomere phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has mitotic cell cycle & eye disc | posterior phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye disc posterior compartment | larval stage phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has ommatidium phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has interommatidial bristle phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has eye photoreceptor cell phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has cone cell phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP has primary pigment cell phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev has eye phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4hs.2sev has ommatidium phenotype
Cdk4UAS.cMa, CycDUAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4GMR.PF has eye photoreceptor cell phenotype
The strong rough eye phenotype seen in flies expressing multiple copies of E2fdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cJa under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PU is suppressed if they are also simultaneously co-expressing both Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa.
Fat body clones co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP show an increase in cell size. Most of the cytoplasm is filled with mitochondria and levels of COX activity are increased.
Ets97D613/Df(3R)ro80b suppresses the increase in cell size seen in fat body clones co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP.
Homozygous Ets97Dtne-1 suppresses the increase in cell size seen in fat body clones co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP. The increases in the amount of mitochondria in the cytoplasm and COX activity are also suppressed.
Co-expression of btl::EgfrScer\UAS.T:λ\cI-DD, Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa induces excess glia in third instar larval brains.
Co-expression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4fkh.PH does not prevent the salivary gland degradation that is seen during the pupal stage in normal development.
Co-expression of Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF results in enlargement of the eye together with an increase in ommatidial size. Cells from third larval instar eye discs co-expressing Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa under the control of Scer\GAL4GMR.PF are larger than wild-type controls, and there is an increase in cells in S and G[[2]/M compared to wild type.
Co-expression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa suppresses the small eye phenotype caused by expression of RbfScer\UAS.cDa under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH.
Clones of cells in the third larval instar fat body co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP are larger than wild-type controls and contain more DNA.
Clones of cells in the wing disc co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP show a 60-70% increase in median clone size compared to wild-type controls.
Expression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa, both under the control of Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 results in extensive overproliferation of primordial germ cells, without any qualitative loss of intermingled somatic cells.
When CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF mutant eyes have bigger ommatidia and a rough appearance. This phenotype is suppressed by Df(3L)Scf-R6 or Df(3L)Scf-R11, but not Df(3L)29A6. When CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, eye imaginal disc cells exhibit an average increase in cell size. This effect is suppressed by Df(3L)Scf-R6 or mRpL1210534. The eye phenotypes seen in CycDScer\UAS.cDa, Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa (driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF) animals is suppressed by mRpL1210534. This suppression effect is counteracted by the addition of mRpL12Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP. When CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are induced in random clones (driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP), a 60% increase in clone areas is seen. Since these cells also proliferate at an increased rate, they retain their normal size. This effect is also suppressed by mRpL1210534. When CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are expressed in fat body cells additional rounds of endoreduplication are stimulated in normally fed animals and also to a greater extent in starved animals. This effect is also suppressed by mRpL1210534. When CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are expressed in fat body cell or tracheal cells an apparent increase in mitochondrial activity is seen. The overgrowth defects associated with over-expression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa are suppressed by hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibitors.
Clones in the eye disc co-expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP result in larger cells than normal.
wing Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa; CycDScer\UAS.cDa; Scer\GAL4GMR.PF flies have enlarged ommatidia and lengthened interommatidial bristles. These phenotypes are partially suppressed by Df(3R)6-7/+, Df(3R)3-4/+, HphS030304/+ or Hph02255/+ but not Df(3R)110/+. Somatic clones of Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa; CycDScer\UAS.cDa; Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP cells in the wing disc are 75% larger than control clones 48 hours after induction at 66 hours after egg laying. This phenotype is suppressed by Hph02255/+. The cells in these enlarged clones are not significantly larger than wild-type and do not differ significantly from wild-type controls in their cell cycle phasing. Cell size and cell cycle phasing in these clones is also unaffected bu the presence of Hph02255/+. CycDScer\UAS.cDa; Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa; Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP somatic clones do not grow any larger when HphEP3200 is present unless BacA\p35Scer\UAS.cHa is also present, in which case the effects on growth are additive. The wings of CycDScer\UAS.cDa; Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa; Scer\GAL4en-e16E HphEP3200; Scer\GAL4en-e16E adults have an enlarged posterior compartment but no change in trichome density, indicating increased cell number without cell size change.
Somatic clones expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa (driven by Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PC, in the wing disc) are significantly larger than controls. When somatic clones expressing CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP or Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 leads to wings that are significantly larger than wild-type.
Co-expression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa with Cdk4Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF blocks photoreceptor differentiation in the third instar eye disc. The eye and eye disc overgrowth phenotypes seen in upd1Scer\UAS.cCa; Scer\GAL4GMR.PF flies, are dramatically enhanced by CycDScer\UAS.cDa with Cdk4Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC : All ommatidia are dramatically enlarged in these eyes, and the entire eye bulges out of the head. The increase in ommatidial numbers seen in upd1Scer\UAS.cCa; Scer\GAL4GMR.PF eye discs is also enhanced.
Co-expression of Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa suppresses the inhibition of growth seen in clones in the wing discs expressing ptcScer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP.
Expression of both Tsc1Scer\UAS.cTa and gigScer\UAS.cTa in the eye under the control of Scer\GAL4ey.PH results in a much smaller eye than normal. Coexpression of both CycDScer\UAS.cDa and Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa fully suppresses the phenotype. Coexpression of CycDScer\UAS.cDa partially suppresses the phenotype.
When clones expressing Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa (driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP) are examined, although there is no alteration in cell cycle phasing or cell size, there is an increase in the number of cells per clone, when compared to wild-type sister clones - indicating an accelerated cell division. Adult wings containing these clones show no gross abnormalities in overall shape, venation, bristle or trichome patterning. There are also no significant changes in cell morphology or cell density. In adult eyes that clonally overexpress Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa (under the control of Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP), there is a striking enlargement of ommatidia. This effect is cell autonomous. There is also a mild disorganisation in the regular arrangement of ommatidia, but no specific defects in cell differentiation or overall patterning. Hypertrophy occurs in several cell types and structures, including primary pigment and cone cells, photoreceptors and interommatidial bristles. In clones in ommatidia, 5 cone cells are seen instead of the normal 4. When Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa are driven by either Scer\GAL4hs.2sev or Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, all ommatidia are enlarged, as is the entire eye, which bulges out in an ominous fashion. Examination of Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa,CycDScer\UAS.cDa,Scer\GAL4GMR.PF flies reveals enlarged photoreceptor cell bodies and rhabdomeres and excessive accumulations of actin. The eye size phenotype is dose dependant in relation to CycDScer\UAS.cDa. When Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa are driven by Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, and the cells of the eye disc analysed using FACS analysis, a significantly increased fraction of S and G2 phase cells was seen in cells from posterior to the morphogenetic furrow. Also a significant increase in cell size is seen in these posterior eye cells. Co-expression of RbfScer\UAS.cDa, Cdk4Scer\UAS.cMa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa in clones (driven by Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP) produces cells that cycle more rapidly than cells expressing RbfScer\UAS.cDa alone. Clones have fewer cells than wild-type controls, but they encompass substantially more area. Co-expression of RbfScer\UAS.cDa and CycDScer\UAS.cDa when driven byor Scer\GAL4GMR.PF no eye phenotype is seen.