FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Gr22b

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Gr22b

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Gustatory receptor 22b

Annotation Symbol

CG31931

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0045500

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

10 publicly available

Gene Summary

Gustatory receptor 22b (Gr22b) encodes a transmembrane domain protein unrelated to GPCRs that is predicted to mediate response to non-volatile compounds. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Gr22bP, Gr2940.4

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

22B2-22B2

Sequence location

2L:1,792,057..1,793,268 [-]

Recombination map

2-3

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:1792057..1793268

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9V4K2

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables sweet taste receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002501461

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables taste receptor activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Gr5a; FB:FBgn0003747

(Robertson et al., 2003)

Biological Process (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Gr5a; FB:FBgn0003747

(Robertson et al., 2003)

involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9V4K2

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

involved_in sensory perception of taste

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013604

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in axon

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000475107

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in dendrite

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000475107

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in membrane

inferred from sequence model

(Robertson et al., 2003)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013604

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

is_active_in neuronal cell body

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000475107

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9V4K2

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

GUSTATORY RECEPTORS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family. Gr22e subfamily. (P84180)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

7TM chemosensory receptor

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gustatory receptor 22b (Gr22b) encodes a transmembrane domain protein unrelated to GPCRs that is predicted to mediate response to non-volatile compounds. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

GUSTATORY RECEPTORS -: The Gustatory receptors are a divergent group of (non-GPCR) seven-transmembrane chemoreceptors that are expressed in gustatory sensilla receptor neurons. They detect tastants (non-volatile compounds) via contact chemosensation. (Adapted from FBrf0208984).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Probable gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates (By similarity). Seems to be involved in the sensing of bitter taste since it is expressed in neurons that mediate sensitivity to bitter compounds.

(UniProt, P84180)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Gr22b for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P84180)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Mutation in sequenced strain: premature stop (nonsense mutation).

Polymorphic pseudogene: intact in some individuals or strains, disrupted by mutation in others (FBrf0168007).

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Gr22b-RA

FBtr0100188

NM_001014456

1161

386

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Gr22b-PA

FBpp0099546

45.5

386

8.62

P84180

NP_001014456

AAX52653

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

7TM chemosensory receptor

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P84180

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Gr22b using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

NA

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Gr22b-GAL4.5.8}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

gustatory receptor neuron of the epiphysis

(Kwon et al., 2011)

larval hypopharyngeal organ gustatory receptor neuron

(Kwon et al., 2011)

larval gnathal ganglion

(Kwon et al., 2011)

larval gustatory receptor neuron of the hypopharyngeal organ PP1

(Choi et al., 2016)

larval gustatory receptor neuron of the hypopharyngeal organ PP2

(Choi et al., 2016)

larval gustatory receptor neuron of the hypopharyngeal organ PP3

(Choi et al., 2016)

larval gustatory receptor neuron of the hypopharyngeal organ PP4

(Choi et al., 2016)

larval gustatory receptor neuron of the epiphysis DP1

(Choi et al., 2016)

Reporter: P{Gr22b-GAL4.T}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

chemosensory neuron of labellum

(Thorne et al., 2004)

chemosensory neuron of ventral cibarial sense organ

(Thorne et al., 2004)

chemosensory neuron of prothoracic leg

(Thorne et al., 2004)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Gr22b in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Gr22b

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Gr22b

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

117492/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0045500

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0045500

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0045500

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0045500

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Gr22b

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Gr22b

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)Exel7007

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2L)Exel8005

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gr22b^GD4884

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Gr22b^GD4884

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Gr22b^GD4884

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4^Gr89a.2

Gr22b^UAS.cDa

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Gr22b^GD4884

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

intermediate labellar taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4^Gr89a.2

Gr22b^UAS.cDa

short labellar taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4^Gr89a.2

Gr22b^UAS.cDa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\egl-47

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\lite-1

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)

Agam\GPRGR49

2 of 12

Yes

Agam\GPRGR50

2 of 12

Yes

Agam\GPRGR6

1 of 12

Agam\GPRGR7

1 of 12

Agam\GPRGR12

1 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Gr22b. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (44)

6 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Gr59c

enhanceable

Gr22b

(Delventhal and Carlson, 2016)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0045500

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-3

Cytogenetic map

22B2-22B2

Sequence location

2L:1,792,057..1,793,268 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

22B2-22B2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}CG17646^k11021 and P{EP}EP366

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-3

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-3.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (10)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

57604

w^*; P{Gr22b-GAL4.5.8}7/CyO; Dr¹/TM3, Sb¹

57603

w^*; wg^Sp-1/CyO; P{Gr22b-GAL4.5.8}4/TM3, Sb¹

64902

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC05775}attP40

2057

iso-1 : y¹; Gr22b^iso-1 Gr22d^iso-1 cn¹ CG33964^iso-1 bw¹ speck¹; MstProx^iso-1 GstD5^iso-1 Rh6¹

National Drosophila Species Stock Center

14021-0231.36

iso-1 : y¹; Gr22b^iso-1 Gr22d^iso-1 cn¹ CG33964^iso-1 bw¹ sp¹; MstProx^iso-1 GstD5^iso-1 Rh6¹

NIG-Fly

M2L-2072

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Gr22b^SK2 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-2073

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Gr22b^SK7 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-1653

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Gr22b.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v107792

P{KK103513}VIE-260B

v13001

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD4884}v13001

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (0)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0045500

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Annotation CR31931 renamed CG31931 in release 4.1 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2005)

May be a polymorphic pseudogene in D.melanogaster; in the Oregon R strain the stop codon which is found in the first exon in some strains is a CGA encoding arginine.

(Robertson, 2003.6.24)

New annotation (CR31931) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

FlyBase curator comment: Stated to be a pseudogene though see FBrf0168007 for explanantion that 'pseudogene' is actually Gr22b¹.

(Dunipace et al., 2001)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG31931

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Zhang et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)

CR31931

GR22b

(Montell, 2009)

Gr22b

(Ali et al., 2022, Aryal and Lee, 2022, Chen and Dahanukar, 2020, Guo et al., 2020, Sato and Yamamoto, 2020, Delventhal and Carlson, 2016, French et al., 2015, Shim et al., 2015, Weiss et al., 2011, Weiss et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2009, Inomata et al., 2008, Colomb et al., 2007, McBride et al., 2007, Thorne et al., 2005)

Gr22bP

(Robertson, 2009, Robertson, 2003.6.24)

Gr2940.4

(Scott and Axel, 2001.4.25)

Name Synonyms

Gustatory receptor 22b

(Robertson, 2001.11.11)

Gustatory receptor 2940.4

(Scott and Axel, 2001.4.25)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0045491
FBgn0051931

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 20 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

117492

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

AE002940

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

AAX52653

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P84180

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P84180

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.