FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\eIF1A
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\eIF1A
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A
Annotation Symbol
CG8053
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0026250
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Summary
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) encodes a protein required for mRNA translation. It is involved in 43S pre-initiation complex assembly, ensuring correct AUG start codon selection, and its dissociation from the 40S ribosome subunit is considered crucial for start codon recognition. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

eIF-1A, Eukaryotic initiation factor 1A, eIF-4c, anon- EST:Liang-2.3 , lincRNA.S7087

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
91A1-91A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-63
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:18274665..18283005
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006196
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables translation initiation factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001253, InterPro:IPR006196, InterPro:IPR018104
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000, Liang and Biggin, 1998)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000494875
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in translational initiation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001253, InterPro:IPR006196, InterPro:IPR018104
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000494875
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
involved_in translation
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Liang and Biggin, 1998)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000494875
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in cytosol
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Liang and Biggin, 1998)
part_of eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Lasko, 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A (eIF1A) encodes a protein required for mRNA translation. It is involved in 43S pre-initiation complex assembly, ensuring correct AUG start codon selection, and its dissociation from the 40S ribosome subunit is considered crucial for start codon recognition. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOPLASMIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTORS -
Cytoplasmic (or eukaryotic) translation initiation factors function in the initiation stage of ribosome-mediated translation in the cytoplasm. (Adapted from FBrf0233552 and PMID:20094052).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\eIF1A for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VEA1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
eIF1A-RA
FBtr0083572
NM_079989
1158
148
eIF1A-RB
FBtr0083573
NM_206509
1199
148
eIF1A-RC
FBtr0343927
NM_001300457
1646
148
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
eIF1A-PA
FBpp0082994
17.1
148
4.85
Q9VEA1
NP_524728
AAF55526
eIF1A-PB
FBpp0089421
17.1
148
4.85
Q9VEA1
NP_996231
AAS65169
eIF1A-PC
FBpp0310418
17.1
148
4.85
Q9VEA1
NP_001287386
AHN57385
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

148 aa isoforms: eIF1A-PA, eIF1A-PB, eIF1A-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\eIF1A using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.93

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\eIF1A in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of eIF1A
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of eIF1A
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\EIF1AX
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\EIF1AY
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\EIF1AD
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Eif1ax
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Eif1a
13 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Eif1ad
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (21)
Mmus\Eif1ax
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad2
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad3
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad6
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad7
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad19
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1a
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad4
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad8
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad16
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad10
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad13
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad11
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad12
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad14
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad15
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad17
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad18
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Eif1ad
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\eif1ax
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\eif1ad
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\eif1axa
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\eif1axb
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\eif1ad
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\eif-1.A
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\ZK856.11
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003119
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010181
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\AT2G04520
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT5G35680
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G40780
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G40910
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G11175
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\TIF11
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\tif11
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPBC146.08c
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\infA
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:eIF1A. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
CG31957
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    EIF1AX; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A X-linked
    13 of 14
    300186
        EIF1AY; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A Y-linked
        13 of 14
        400014
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show/hide secondary interactors 
            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            Other Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            pnr
            suppressible
            eIF1A
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            smo
            enhanceable
            eIF1A
            (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
            spn-A
            suppressible
            eIF1A
            (Li et al., 2014)
            spn-B
            suppressible
            eIF1A
            (Li et al., 2014)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-63
            Cytogenetic map
            91A1-91A1
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            91A1-91A1
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}cpoEP3679 and P{EP}Dlc90FEP3634
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            90E-91A
            (Myrick and Dearolf, 2000, Dearolf, 1999.3.5, Myrick, 1999.7.15)
            Cytological location determined by hybridization to cytologically mapped P1 clones.
            (Dearolf, 1999.3.5)
            Map location based on hybridisation to P1 clones.
            (Myrick and Dearolf, 2000)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-63

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-62.3

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            3-

            (Collins and Cohen, 2005)
            Left of (cM)
            (Collins and Cohen, 2005)
            Right of (cM)
            (Collins and Cohen, 2005)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (14)
            Genomic Clones (19)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (173)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in aberrantly short, monopolar spindles when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

                (Goshima et al., 2007)

                S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

                (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

                Identification: in a subtractive hybridisation screen for genes that are transcriptionally activated by hop.

                (Myrick and Dearolf, 2000)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: eIF-4A anon- EST:Liang-2.3

                (Dearolf, 2000.3.3)

                Source for merge of: eIF-1A anon- EST:Posey4

                (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)

                Source for merge of: eIF-1A EP935

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Source for merge of eIF-1A EP935 was that EP935 insertion is within eIF-1A (and in the right orientation) ( date:040519 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for identity of eIF1A CG8053 was sequence comparison ( date:000327 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: eIF-1A anon- EST:Liang-2.3

                (Myrick and Dearolf, 2000)

                Source for identity of: eIF1A CG8053

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for identity of: eIF1A eIF-1A

                (Marygold et al., 2017)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                CG8053
                (Ibaraki et al., 2021, Vasudevan et al., 2020, Marygold et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Fukuoh et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Lasko, 2000)
                D-eIF1A
                (Myrick and Dearolf, 2000, Myrick and Dearolf, 2000)
                D-eIF4c
                (Myrick and Dearolf, 1999)
                EIF1A
                (Linsalata et al., 2019)
                EP(3)0935
                (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
                EP935
                Group I
                (Collins and Cohen, 2005)
                anon-EST:Liang-2.3
                (Biggin, 1999.2.5)
                anon-EST:Posey4
                clone 2.3
                (Liang and Biggin, 1998)
                eIF-1A
                (Titlow et al., 2023, Ibaraki et al., 2021, Neuert et al., 2017, Olesnicky et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Wang et al., 2008, Goshima et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2007, Karsten et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
                eIF-4c
                (Dearolf, 1999.3.5)
                eIF1A
                (Li et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Evans et al., 2021, Kao et al., 2021, Vasudevan et al., 2020, Goodman et al., 2019, Linsalata et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Mohapatra and Menuz, 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Marygold et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Mihailovich et al., 2012, Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005, Lasko, 2000)
                group I
                (Collins, 2005.7.7)
                lincRNA.S7087
                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014, Young et al., 2012)
                Name Synonyms
                Eukaryotic initiation factor 1A
                (Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Myrick and Dearolf, 2000)
                Eukaryotic initiation factor 4c
                (Myrick and Dearolf, 1999)
                eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0025531
                • FBgn0025959
                • FBgn0038594
                • FBgn0062638
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 55 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (82)