FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\AttA
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\AttA
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Attacin-A
Annotation Symbol
CG10146
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0012042
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Attacin-A (AttA) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is expressed in the fat body and various epithelia under the regulation of the immune deficiency and, to a lesser extent, Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Attacin, Att, Att-A, att A

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
51C1-51C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-72
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14747362..14748215
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antibacterial humoral response
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2010)
inferred from expression pattern
(Lemaitre et al., 1997)
involved_in defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
inferred from expression pattern
(Gordon et al., 2008)
involved_in defense response to insect
inferred from expression pattern
(Tattikota et al., 2020)
involved_in humoral immune response
inferred from expression pattern
(Verleyen et al., 2006)
involved_in response to hyperoxia
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhao et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defense response to bacterium
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005521
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
non-traceable author statement
(Dushay et al., 2000)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005520, InterPro:IPR005521
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the attacin/sarcotoxin-2 family. (P45884)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Attacin-A (AttA) encodes an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is expressed in the fat body and various epithelia under the regulation of the immune deficiency and, to a lesser extent, Toll pathways. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ATTACINS -
Attacins are small, glycine-rich peptides with antibacterial activity. (Adapted from FBrf0241672.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Hemolymph antibacterial protein.
(UniProt, P45884)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\AttA for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P45884)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
AttA-RA
FBtr0087437
NM_079021
790
221
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
AttA-PA
FBpp0086567
22.9
221
10.54
P45884
NP_523745
AAF58215
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

224 (aa)

(Dushay et al., 2000)
Comments

Small AttA-derived peptides identified by nano LC-MS/MS: pQVLGGSLTSNPAGGADA, pQVLGGSLTSNPAGGADAR.

(Verleyen et al., 2006)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\AttA using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.46

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data

Reporter constructs were used to show that expression of AttA is bacterially induced.

(Dushay et al., 2000)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hemolymph

Comment: infected with M. luteus and E. coli

peptides: QVLGGSLTSNPAGGADAR

(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\AttA in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of AttA
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of AttA
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Dro-AttAB-SK2
(Hanson et al., 2019)
Df(2R)Exel6284
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:AttA. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
AttB
4 of 13
AttC
3 of 13
AttD
2 of 13
DptA
1 of 13
DptB
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-72
    Cytogenetic map
    51C1-51C1
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    51C1-51C1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}ttvk03617&P{EP}ttvEP765 and P{lacW}Rpn6k00103
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    51A-51B
    (Dushay, 2000.1.3)
    51A-51B
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Asling et al., 1995)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-72

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-76.4

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (26)
    cDNA Clones (5)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background.

                (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)

                Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism.

                (Lemaitre et al., 1997)

                Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide.

                (Lemaitre et al., 1996)

                Differential display can be applied to a whole organism to identify induced immune genes, the technique has been used to isolate and characterise AttA.

                (Asling et al., 1995)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: AttA BcDNA:LP05763

                (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)

                Source for merge of: AttA anon-WO0140519.5

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Source for merge of AttA anon-WO0140519.5 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (24)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                AHA
                (Aw et al., 2017)
                ATT
                (Tzou et al., 2000)
                ATTA
                (Fan et al., 2023)
                Att
                (Zhou et al., 2022, Kanoh et al., 2021, Lin et al., 2020, Belmonte et al., 2019, Shen et al., 2016, Ji et al., 2014, Zhao and Haddad, 2011, Bond and Foley, 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Bergeret et al., 2008, Libert et al., 2008, Ryu et al., 2008, Ren et al., 2007, Zambon et al., 2005, Gottar et al., 2002, Naitza et al., 2002, Takehana et al., 2002, Lemaitre et al., 1997, Lemaitre et al., 1996)
                Att A
                (An et al., 2012, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Tzou et al., 2002)
                Att-A
                (Buchon and Osman, 2015, Goto et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Immonen and Ritchie, 2012)
                AttA
                (Hersperger et al., 2024, Huang et al., 2024, Hu et al., 2024, Nicolson et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2023, Elguero et al., 2023, Gupta et al., 2023, Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Huang et al., 2023, Keith, 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Neophytou et al., 2023, Odnokoz et al., 2023, Shu et al., 2023, Stączek et al., 2023, Tan et al., 2023, Touré et al., 2023, Yao et al., 2023, Chen et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Hua et al., 2022, Lu and Chtarbanova, 2022, Shen et al., 2022, Shit et al., 2022, Shrivastava et al., 2022, Takeuchi et al., 2022, Tian et al., 2022, Waring et al., 2022, Wu and Yan, 2022, Wu et al., 2022, Ahmed-Braimah et al., 2021, Gruntenko et al., 2021, Järvelä-Stölting et al., 2021, Kong et al., 2021, Salem Wehbe et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2021, Yamashita et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Benoit et al., 2020, Cai et al., 2020, Delbare et al., 2020, Gilbert et al., 2020, Han et al., 2020, Hanson and Lemaitre, 2020, Karageorgiou et al., 2020, Lim et al., 2020, Shah et al., 2020, Swanson et al., 2020, Tsukada et al., 2020, Vincent et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Araki et al., 2019, Baenas and Wagner, 2019, Chambers et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2019, Hanson et al., 2019, Houtz et al., 2019, Kano and Yagi, 2019, Lin et al., 2019, Maitra et al., 2019, Moskalev et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Štětina et al., 2019, Troha and Buchon, 2019, Westfall et al., 2019, Badinloo et al., 2018, Barajas-Azpeleta et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Hemphill et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Lin et al., 2018, Mlih et al., 2018, Schretter et al., 2018, Troha et al., 2018, Aw et al., 2017, Bozler et al., 2017, Kenmoku et al., 2017, Kim et al., 2017, Odnokoz et al., 2017, Vasudevan et al., 2017, Costechareyre et al., 2016, Jones et al., 2016, Louie et al., 2016, Zhou et al., 2016, Beebe et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2015, Li and Dijkers, 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Engel et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Salazar-Jaramillo et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Zhu et al., 2014, Clark et al., 2013, Durdevic et al., 2013, Garcia et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Jennings, 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Stefanatos et al., 2013, Telonis-Scott et al., 2013, Yagi et al., 2013, Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Doroszuk et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Rynes et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Marcu et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Smith et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Feng et al., 2009, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Thevenon et al., 2009, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Carrera et al., 2008, Gordon et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Wigby et al., 2008, Busse et al., 2007, Curtis et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Ramos et al., 2006, Zraly et al., 2006, Greene et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Kocks et al., 2005, Park et al., 2005, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Wertheim et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Domazet-Loso and Tautz, 2003, Rutschmann et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002)
                AttaA
                (Bachtel et al., 2018)
                Attacin A
                (Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021)
                Attacin-A
                (Yadav et al., 2017)
                AttacinA
                (Ma et al., 2021)
                BcDNA:LP05763
                CG10146
                (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Aw et al., 2017, Herranz et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Gendrin et al., 2009, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Carrera et al., 2008, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wertheim et al., 2005, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Irving et al., 2001)
                anon-WO0140519.5
                att
                (Guntermann et al., 2009, Fedorka et al., 2007, De Gregorio et al., 2002, Georgel et al., 2001, Leulier et al., 2000, Williams et al., 1997)
                att A
                (Suh et al., 2020, Zsindely et al., 2009, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
                attA
                (Snee et al., 2023, Hodge et al., 2022, Wagner et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2020, Parvy et al., 2019, Dubey and Tapadia, 2018, Li et al., 2018, Wei et al., 2018, Lim et al., 2015, Karlsson et al., 2012, Karpac et al., 2011, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Lee and Edery, 2008, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Tsuda et al., 2005, Boutros et al., 2002, Wu et al., 2001)
                attacin
                (Sharma et al., 2021)
                Name Synonyms
                Attacin
                (Yu et al., 2022, Eleftherianos and Heryanto, 2021, Marra et al., 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2021, Zhu et al., 2021, Iwashita et al., 2020, Ji et al., 2019, Singh and Tapadia, 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Franz et al., 2018, Jones et al., 2017, Castillo et al., 2015, Pragya et al., 2015, Furihata et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Akbar et al., 2011, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2011, Tanji et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Ayres and Schneider, 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Bergeret et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Libert et al., 2008, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Huh et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Libert et al., 2006, Tanji et al., 2006, Zhou et al., 2005, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Silverman et al., 2003, Yajima et al., 2003, Avila et al., 2002, Naitza et al., 2002, Ooi et al., 2002, Rutschmann et al., 2002, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Vidal et al., 2001, Barillas-Mury et al., 2000, Elrod-Erickson et al., 2000, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Silverman et al., 2000, Govind, 1999, Han et al., 1998, Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon, 1998, Hoffmann and Reichhart, 1997, Hultmark, 1994.12.5)
                Attacin A
                (Chen et al., 2023, Barati et al., 2022, Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022, Takeuchi et al., 2022, Rydbom et al., 2021, Song et al., 2021, D'Ignazio et al., 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Suh et al., 2020, Aalto et al., 2019, Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019, Westfall et al., 2018, Gupta et al., 2017, Kounatidis et al., 2017, Kiss et al., 2016, Louie et al., 2016, Unckless and Lazzaro, 2016, Xiong et al., 2016, Arefin et al., 2014, Obata et al., 2014, Clark et al., 2013, An et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Longworth et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Stender et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Clark et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Huang et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Gendrin et al., 2009, Wiklund et al., 2009, Gordon et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Xi et al., 2008, Busse et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Lazzaro et al., 2006, Verleyen et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Kim and Lis, 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Tzou et al., 2002, Lazzaro and Clark, 2001)
                Attacin-A
                (Schoberleitner et al., 2021, Ozakman and Eleftherianos, 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Yadav and Eleftherianos, 2019, Bost et al., 2018, Li et al., 2017, Lamiable et al., 2016, Arefin et al., 2014, Bonnay et al., 2014, Chakrabarti et al., 2014, Haller et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Varma et al., 2014, Kemp et al., 2013, Felix et al., 2012, Paré et al., 2012, Petersen et al., 2012, Marcu et al., 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Lemos et al., 2010, Carpenter et al., 2009, Charroux and Royet, 2009, McGraw et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Morozova et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Johansson et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2005, Sano et al., 2005)
                Attacin-A precursor
                (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
                AttacinA
                (Wang et al., 2024, Singh and Tapadia, 2022, Akbar et al., 2016, Goto et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2014, Fukuyama et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2012, Tanji et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Yagi et al., 2010, Tanji et al., 2007, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002)
                Attackin
                (Pletcher et al., 2002)
                attacin
                (Bjedov et al., 2020, Chowdhury et al., 2019, Shen et al., 2016, Kutch and Fedorka, 2015, Ji et al., 2014, Lemaitre et al., 2012, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Moule et al., 2010, Guntermann et al., 2009, Luce-Fedrow et al., 2009, Okado et al., 2009, Wagner et al., 2009, Lee and Edery, 2008, Brennan et al., 2007, Fedorka et al., 2007, Persson et al., 2007, Delaney et al., 2006, Zelinger and Heifetz, 2006, Avet-Rochex et al., 2005, Delaney et al., 2005, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Park et al., 2004, Steiner, 2004, Mellroth et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Cooper et al., 2002, Delaney and Anderson, 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Delaney and Anderson, 2001, Georgel et al., 2001, Aderem and Ulevitch, 2000, Basset et al., 2000, Meister et al., 2000, Dushay et al., 1998)
                attacin A
                (Kong et al., 2021, Snigdha et al., 2021, Barretto et al., 2020, Badinloo et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2017, Hamilton et al., 2015, Arefin et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Anbutsu and Fukatsu, 2010, Feng et al., 2009, Lauwers et al., 2009, Fedorka et al., 2007, Tsuda et al., 2005, Mukae et al., 2002)
                attacin-A
                (Hastings et al., 2023, Shiratsuchi et al., 2016, Bonnay et al., 2014, Zhang and Palli, 2009, Domanitskaya et al., 2007)
                attacinA
                (El-Saadi et al., 2023, Koltun et al., 2017, Orme et al., 2016, Lim et al., 2015, Verma and Tapadia, 2015, Fernando et al., 2014, Verma and Tapadia, 2014, Karlsson et al., 2012, Verma and Tapadia, 2012, Hallem et al., 2007, Gesellchen et al., 2005)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0044580
                • FBgn0064916
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
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                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 77 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (497)