FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Akh

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

ring gland

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

late embryonic stage

corpus cardiacum primordium

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 16

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

(Lee and Park, 2004)

(Lee and Park, 2004)

microinjection

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

photoreceptor neuron

(Xu and Wang, 2016)

Additional Descriptive Data

mRNAs are enriched in photoreceptor cells (found by comparing mRNAs isolated from wild-type (w¹¹¹⁸) heads with gl³ heads or wild-type bodies).

(Xu and Wang, 2016)

Akh is expressed exclusively in the corpus cardiacum from late embryonic stages onward.

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

Akh transcript is expressed exclusively in the corpus cardiacum in third instar larvae and in adults.

(Lee and Park, 2004)

Marker for

corpus cardiacum

(De Velasco et al., 2004)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

enzyme assay or biochemical detection

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

corpus cardiacum primordium

adult thorax

(Schaffer et al., 1990)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 16

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

larval stage

ring gland | restricted

(Melcher and Pankratz, 2005)

(Rhea et al., 2010)

ring gland

(Braco et al., 2012)

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004, Lee and Park, 2004)

endocrine neuron | subset of retrocerebral complex

(Sellami et al., 2012)

wandering third instar larval stage

(Lee and Park, 2004)

corpus cardiacum

(Zhao and Karpac, 2017)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Baggerman et al., 2005, Baggerman et al., 2002)

Additional Descriptive Data

Akh colocalizes with Scer\GAL4^ATP7.PB expressing endocrine neurons in the retrocerebral complex.

(Sellami et al., 2012)

Akh labels the cells of the corpus cardiacum in larva and co-localises with expression of Scer\GAL4^amon.PR.

(Rhea et al., 2010)

Akh protein is expressed exclusively in the corpus cardiacum in third instar larvae and in adults.

(Lee and Park, 2004)

More than 80% of the Akh peptide is contained in the thorax

(Schaffer et al., 1990)

Marker for

ring gland

(Melcher and Pankratz, 2005)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Wegener et al., 2006)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Akh-gal4.G}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 16 -- wandering third instar larval stage

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

larval stage

(Grönke et al., 2007)

(Alfa et al., 2015)

Reporter: P{Akh-GAL4.I}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

endocrine neuron of embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum

(Isabel et al., 2005)

Reporter: P{Akh-gal4.L}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 14 -- 15

corpus cardiacum primordium

(Lee and Park, 2004)

embryonic stage 16 -- third instar larval stage

(Lee and Park, 2004)

neuron | subset

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

ring gland | restricted

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Akh

(Lee and Park, 2004)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Akh in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Akh

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004552

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38495/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0004552

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0004552

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0004552

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004552

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Akh

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Akh

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)Exel6100

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3L)Akh^attP

(Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal - majority live

Akh^A

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Akh^GD3838

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Akh^GD3838

Sterility

Allele

male fertile

Akh^A

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate

Akh^AP

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage

Akh^A

abnormal mating | male

Akh^A

abnormal oxidative stress response | adult stage

abnormal size | adult stage

Akh^A

abnormal starvation stress response

Akh¹

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^KK113271

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^AkhR.PY

Akh^JF02357

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^KK113271

decreased rate of feeding behavior | female, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^KK113271

decreased rate of movement | adult stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^AkhR.PY

Akh^JF02357

increased body size | adult stage

Akh¹

increased cell size | adult stage

Akh^A

increased rate of adult locomotory behavior | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PU

Akh^TRiP.cUa

long lived | calorie restriction conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^KK113271

long lived | nutrition conditional

Akh^SK1

long lived | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^KK113271

short lived | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Akh.PL

Akh^UAS.cLa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult fat body

Akh^A

lipid droplet, with Scer\GAL4^fat

Akh^UAS.cLa

wing

Akh^A

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AKH1

7 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Akh. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool

View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Akh - Atx2

proximity labelling technology, nucleotide sequence identification

(Singh et al., 2021)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Akh - AkhR

biochemical, inferred by author, Identification by mass spectrometry, luminiscence technology, enzymatic study

(Caers et al., 2012, Park et al., 2002, Staubli et al., 2002)

Akh - CCAP-R

enzymatic study, inferred by author

(Park et al., 2002)

Akh - CrzR

enzymatic study, inferred by author

(Park et al., 2002)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

AdoR

(Zemanová et al., 2016)

enhanceable

AstA-R2

(Hentze et al., 2015)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

AdoR

suppressible

(Zemanová et al., 2016)

AstA-R2

enhanceable

(Hentze et al., 2015)

AstC-R2

suppressible

(Kubrak et al., 2022)

CapaR

suppressible

(Koyama et al., 2021)

NPFR

suppressible

(Yoshinari et al., 2021)

rpr

suppressible

(Kim and Rulifson, 2004)

Stim

suppressible