FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\tsl
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tsl
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
torso-like
Annotation Symbol
CG6705
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003867
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
25 publicly available
Gene Summary
torso-like (tsl) encodes a protein present in many organs. In particular it is produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber, initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the activation of the receptor encoded by tor. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
93F9-93F10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-73
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:21778114..21782536
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables signaling receptor activator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Amarnath et al., 2017)
enables torso binding
inferred from direct assay
(Amarnath et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in embryonic pattern specification
inferred from expression pattern
(Stevens et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stevens et al., 2003)
involved_in germ cell development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
involved_in maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Johnson et al., 2017)
involved_in pole cell fate determination
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:gcl; FB:FBgn0005695
(Pae et al., 2017)
involved_in positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Johnson et al., 2017)
involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Johnson et al., 2013)
involved_in pupariation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grillo et al., 2012)
involved_in terminal region determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stevens et al., 2003, Furriols et al., 1998, Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993, Stevens et al., 1990)
involved_in torso signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Amarnath et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tor; FB:FBgn0003733
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993, Stevens et al., 1990)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grillo et al., 2012, Furriols et al., 2007, Furriols et al., 1998, Sprenger et al., 1993)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Henstridge et al., 2018, Amarnath et al., 2017, Jimenez et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
torso-like (tsl) encodes a protein present in many organs. In particular it is produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber, initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the activation of the receptor encoded by tor. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probable ligand that binds to the torso receptor. Implicated in a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that specifies terminal cell fate.
(UniProt, P40689)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
tsl: torsolike
Maternal-effect lethal. Anterior- and posteriormost structures (labrum, dorsal bridge, telson, eighth and part of seventh abdominal segments) deleted in embryos produced by homozygous mothers. tsl pole cells transplanted into wildtype hosts produce normal progeny, whereas the reciprocal transplant produces tsl embryos.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

torso pathway - perforin-like protein - localized determinant of terminal pattern formation - produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber - initially anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the Track-mediated activation of Torso

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tsl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P40689)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
tsl-RA
FBtr0084164
NM_079716
1871
353
tsl-RB
FBtr0084165
NM_169969
1375
353
tsl-RC
FBtr0334312
NM_001275881
2059
353
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.9 (northern blot)

(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
tsl-PA
FBpp0083562
41.2
353
9.58
P40689
NP_524440
AAF55919
tsl-PB
FBpp0083563
41.2
353
9.58
P40689
NP_732660
AAN13883
tsl-PC
FBpp0306427
41.2
353
9.58
P40689
NP_001262810
AGB96190
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

353 aa isoforms: tsl-PA, tsl-PB, tsl-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

356 (aa); 42 (kD predicted)

(Martin et al., 1994)

353 (aa)

(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tsl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.09

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 9
visual anlage
(Duncan et al., 2013)
ventral midline of embryo
(Duncan et al., 2013)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval fat body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline of embryo
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline glial cell
(Kearney et al., 2004)
adult stage & oogenesis
border follicle cell
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
centripetal follicle cell
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
follicle cell | posterior
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
oogenesis stage S9 -- S10 & adult stage | female
polar follicle cell
(Duncan et al., 2013)
border follicle cell
(Duncan et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

In stage S10 egg chambers, tsl expression is seen specifically in border cells and in posterior follicle cells. Early in oogenesis at stage S3, expression is seen in two follicle cells at each end of the egg chamber and later in a large number of anterior cells which were identified at the centripetally migrating follicle cells.

(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 12
vitelline membrane | anterior | posterior

Comment: reference states 0-9 hr AEL

(Stevens et al., 2003)
embryonic stage 4
organism | 0-20% egg length

Comment: 0-17% egg length

(Martin et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 13
embryonic/larval tracheal system
(Martin et al., 1994)
ventral nerve cord
(Martin et al., 1994)
third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Grillo et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum
(Grillo et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

tsl is detected at the prothoracic gland and in the corpora cardiaca, but not in the corpus allatum.

(Grillo et al., 2012)

Immunostaining withaffinity purified antisera indicates that tsl protein is restricted to the anterior and posterior ends of the inner vitelline membrane of the eggshell.

(Stevens et al., 2003)

The pattern of tsltranscript and protein accumulation coincide, with the exception of a slightdelay in protein accumulation. During stage 4 of embryogenesis, tsl protein isdetected at the anterior and posterior poles, at 0-17% and 83-100% egg length.At the contracted germ band stage, tsl protein is present in the centralnervous system and in the tracheal system.

(Martin et al., 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Henstridge et al., 2018, Amarnath et al., 2017, Jimenez et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{PZ}tsl00617
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Grillo et al., 2012)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell | posterior
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
border follicle cell
(Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
Reporter: P{tsl-Gal4.F}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis
centripetal follicle cell
(Furriols et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{tsl-Gal4.G}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis
border follicle cell
(Furriols et al., 2007)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tsl in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tsl
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tsl
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | heat sensitive
lethal | maternal effect
lethal | maternal effect | heat sensitive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile
female sterile
female sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate (with tsl5)
abnormal developmental rate (with tslΔ)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with Df(3R)cakiX-313)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with Df(3R)X-307)
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | third instar larval stage
decreased cell size | adult stage | recessive
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype (with tsl3)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype (with tsl4)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl2)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl3)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl4)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl5)
embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hand.Δ
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP1029
visible | adult stage | recessive
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal 8 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 11 anal tuft
abdominal segment 5
abdominal segment 6
abdominal segment 7
abdominal segment 8
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl2)
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl3)
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl4)
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl5)
abdominal segment 8 | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
abdominal segment 9
abdominal segment 10
amnioproctodeal invagination | maternal effect
anal pad
cephalic furrow
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
dorsal bridge
dorsal bridge, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
embryo
embryo | anterior
embryo | posterior
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4c355
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hand.Δ
embryonic/larval crystal cell | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP1029
embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl4)
embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl5)
embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
embryonic/larval cuticle | embryonic stage | maternal effect | ventral
embryonic/larval spiracle
embryonic abdomen | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4ET3
embryonic abdominal segment 8
embryonic abdominal segment 8 | maternal effect
embryonic head
embryonic head (with tsl3)
embryonic head (with tsl4)
embryonic head | maternal effect
embryonic head | maternal effect (with tsl2)
embryonic head | maternal effect (with tsl3)
embryonic head | maternal effect (with tsl4)
embryonic head | maternal effect (with tsl5)
embryonic head | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
embryonic segment
embryonic segment | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
embryonic telson
embryonic telson (with tsl3)
embryonic telson (with tsl4)
embryonic thorax | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4ET3
epithelial cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect | ventral
filzkorper
filzkorper | ectopic
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl2)
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl3)
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl4)
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl5)
filzkorper | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
head
labrum
labrum | embryonic stage
mesoderm | embryonic stage | maternal effect | ventral
mouthpart | ectopic
ocular segment
posterior spiracle primordium
primordial germ cell | embryonic stage (with tsl3)
primordial germ cell | embryonic stage (with tsl4)
primordial germ cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect
telson
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl2)
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl3)
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl4)
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tsl5)
telson | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with tslΔ)
terminalia | maternal effect
ventral denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
ventral furrow
ventral furrow | maternal effect
wing hair
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002282
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tsl. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    tsl
    suppressible
    bcd
    (Schaeffer et al., 2000)
    tsl
    suppressible
    fs(1)M3
    (Furriols et al., 1998)
    tsl
    suppressible
    fs(1)N
    (Furriols et al., 1998)
    tsl
    suppressible
    hb|bcd
    (Schulz and Tautz, 1994)
    tsl
    enhanceable
    RhoGEF2
    (Johnson et al., 2017)
    tsl
    suppressible
    Stat92E
    (de las Heras and Casanova, 2006)
    tsl
    suppressible
    tor
    (Furriols et al., 1998)
    tsl
    enhanceable
    tor
    (Johnson et al., 2013)
    tsl
    suppressible
    trk
    (Furriols et al., 1998)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    bcd
    suppressible
    hb|tsl
    (Schulz and Tautz, 1994)
    bcd
    suppressible
    tsl|osk
    (Stevens et al., 2003)
    fog
    suppressible
    tsl
    (Johnson et al., 2017)
    gcl
    suppressible
    tsl
    (Pae et al., 2017)
    osk
    suppressible
    tsl|bcd
    (Stevens et al., 2003)
    Ptth
    enhanceable
    tsl
    (Johnson et al., 2013)
    tor
    suppressible
    tsl
    (Johnson et al., 2013)
    tor
    enhanceable
    tsl
    (Johnson et al., 2013)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -
    The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-73
    Cytogenetic map
    93F9-93F10
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    93F9-93F10
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}InR05545 and P{PZ}tsl00617
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    93F6-93F14
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Spradling et al., 1999)
    93F6-93F14
    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    93F-93F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-73

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-75.4

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-71

    (Stevens et al., 1990, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (25)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (103)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Grillo et al., 2012, Stevens et al., 2003, Martin et al., 1994)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        fs(1)N and fs(1)M3 are necessary for extracellular accumulation of tsl.

        (Jimenez et al., 2002)

        tsl expressed in the germ line cells is fully functional in the mechanism of tor activation.

        (Furriols et al., 1998)

        In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

        (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

        tsl is involved in the directed intercalation of cells during germ band extension.

        (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)

        tsl encodes a protein that is secreted and whose transcription is restricted to specialized categories of follicle cells localised at poles of the egg chamber. tsl is follicle cell-dependent.

        (Martin et al., 1994)

        "Splice" phenotype of torNRE dependent on tll, trk and tsl.

        (Casanova and Struhl, 1993)

        The role of tsl in the regulation of run mRNA expression in the early embryo has been investigated.

        (Klingler and Gergen, 1993)

        tsl gene product has been isolated and characterised.

        (Savant-Bhonsale and Montell, 1993)

        The maternal terminal system is necessary to activate tll expression in the terminal caps.

        (Pignoni et al., 1992)

        tsl mutants exhibit deletion of the acron and telson.

        (Gaul and Jäckle, 1990)

        Mature follicles are immunologically stained for asymmetric distribution of ecdysteroid-related antigen. During late oogenesis localisation of the antigen changes dramatically suggesting the antigen plays a role in early embryogenesis and, perhaps, in pattern formation.

        (Grau and Gutzeit, 1990)

        tsl function is required in subpopulations of follicle cells located at the poles of the oocyte.

        (Stevens et al., 1990)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG6705
        (Ni et al., 2010.12.1)
        Dm-tsl
        (Duncan et al., 2013)
        Torso-like
        (Sopko and Perrimon, 2013)
        Tsl
        (Smits and Shvartsman, 2020, Stevens et al., 2019, Amarnath et al., 2017, Johnson et al., 2013)
        fs(3)00617
        torso-like
        (John and Rauzi, 2021)
        tsl
        (Ho et al., 2023, Singh et al., 2022, Banisch et al., 2021, Colonnetta et al., 2021, Everetts et al., 2021, Ghotbi et al., 2021, Nguyen et al., 2021, Johnson et al., 2020, Merkle et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Soluri et al., 2020, Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020, Statzer and Ewald, 2020, Stern et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Bakopoulos et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Skelly et al., 2019, Wittes and Schüpbach, 2019, Alhaj Abed et al., 2018, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Henstridge et al., 2018, Streichan et al., 2018, Hannon et al., 2017, Suresh et al., 2017, Rahimi et al., 2016, Johnson et al., 2015, Henstridge et al., 2014, Johnson et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2013, Grillo et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2011, Helman et al., 2011, Brodland et al., 2010, Kong et al., 2010, Kong et al., 2010, Ventura et al., 2010, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Pope and Harris, 2008, Brent et al., 2007, Furriols et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2006, de las Heras and Casanova, 2006, McGregor, 2006, Schaeffer et al., 2000, Sprenger et al., 1993, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        Name Synonyms
        Torso-like
        (Mineo et al., 2017, Johnson et al., 2013, Ventura et al., 2010, Ventura et al., 2008)
        Torsolike
        (Berezhkovskii et al., 2009, Fakhouri et al., 2006, LeMosy, 2003, Murakami et al., 1999)
        fs(3)torso-like
        (Lu et al., 1993)
        torso like
        (Montell, 1993.11.3)
        torso-like
        (Popkova et al., 2024, Nüsslein-Volhard, 2022, Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021, Chipman, 2020, Jewett et al., 2017, Stegmaier et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2013, Conte et al., 2012, Fernandez-Sanchez et al., 2010, Martin et al., 2010, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Pope and Harris, 2008, da Silva and Vincent, 2007, Furriols et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2006, McGregor, 2006, Martin, 1994.3.2, Sprenger et al., 1993)
        torsolike
        (Rahimi et al., 2016, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (204)