FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Idh
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Idh
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Annotation Symbol
CG7176
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0001248
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (1.1.1.42)
Gene Summary
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh) encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate, with the concomitant reduction of NADP[+] to NADPH. It functions, along with Men, G6pd, and Pgd, in a small network of NADP reducing enzymes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Isocitrate dehydrogenase, l(3)L3852, IDH-NADP, ICDH, IDH1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-24
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:8356404..8360906
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000214284
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004790
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019818
enables NAD binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019818
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004790
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000214284
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000214284
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000930158
is_active_in mitochondrion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000214284
is_active_in peroxisome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000930158
located_in peroxisome
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:5382
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
D-threo-isocitrate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH (1.1.1.42)
RHEA 19629:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh) encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate, with the concomitant reduction of NADP[+] to NADPH. It functions, along with Men, G6pd, and Pgd, in a small network of NADP reducing enzymes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASES -
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to form α-ketoglutarate and contribute to the circuitry of central metabolism. Mammalian IDH1 and IDH2 are NADP-dependent enzymes that exist as homodimers and catalyze the reversible conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. In contrast, mammalian IDH3 is a mitochondrial, NAD-dependent heterotetramer comprising two catalytic alpha subunits together with regulatory beta and gamma subunits. IDH3 strictly catalyzes the forward reaction, and is the key enzyme driving the tricarboxylic acid cycle by supplying α-ketoglutarate from the isocitrate pool. (Adapted from PMID:28375741 and PMID:28139779.)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Idh: Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Term for the structural gene or genes for NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [threo-D-isocitrate: NADP+ oxydoreductase (decarboxylating)];[IDH(E.C 1.1.1.42)]. Studies of purified enzyme (Williamson) indicate it to have a molecular weight of 110,000 and to be a dimer of subunits with molecular weights 60,000 and 50,000. Whether these are products of one or of two closely linked genes is uncertain; formation of a hybrid dimer in IdhF/IdhS heterozygotes suggests a single locus, but the mapping results outlined above are suggestive of two. Only maternally derived enzyme present during most of embryogenesis with vigorous zygotic production beginning just prior to hatching (Wright and Shaw, 1970, Biochem. Genet. 4: 385-94); peak activity reached in third larval instar after which the level falls until just prior to eclosion when it rises once more (Fox, 1971, Biochem. Genet. 5: 69-80). Activity found in all tissues, but especially high in larval fatbody and the sperm pump of adult males and to a lesser extent in the larval and adult midgut and the seminal recepticle and spermathecae (Fox, Conscience-Egli, and Abacherli, 1972, Biochem. Genet. 7: 163-75). Staining activity distributed nonuniformly in the following imaginal discs: eye-antenna, all thoracic discs, and genital, plus in larval gut, adult ovaries, and internal male genitalia. Staining patterns formed gradually in eye-antennal and wing disks. IDH staining pattern and intensity changed in third instar larvae as ommatidia are differentiated. When the tissue type is transformed by homeotic genes, the IDH pattern is altered in a specific way (Kuhn and Cunningham, 1986). Labial discs, histoblasts, and salivary glands stain uniformly; clypeus-labrum disc, imaginal foregut cells and imaginal ring of hind gut show no activity (Cunningham and Kuhn, 1981, Insect Biochem. 11: 277-85).
			

                                          phenotype
                                   _______________________
   allele    synonym     ref α      residual   heterodimer
                                    activity    formation
   _______________________________________________________

   IdhF      Idh6         3, 4
   IdhnGB1              2, 6, 7        0            +
   IdhnGB2   IdhGB2    1, 2, 6, 7     5% β          -
   IdhnNC1              2, 6, 7        0            +
   IdhS      Idh4         3, 4
   IdhSS     Idh2          5
α
  1 = Bentley, Meidinger, and Williamson, 1983, Biochem.
  Genet. 21:  725-33; 2 = Burkhart, Montgomery, Langley, and
  Voelker, 1984, Genetics 107:  295-306; 3 = Fox, 1970, DIS
  45:  35; 4 = Fox, 1971, Biochem. Genet. 5:  69-80; 5 = Fox,
  1972, DIS 48:  20; 6 = Langley, Voelker, Leigh Brown,
  Ohnishi, Dickson, and Montgomery, 1981, Genetics 99:  151-
  56; 7 = Voelker, Langley, Leigh Brown, Ohnishi, Dickson, and
  Montgomery, and Smith, 1980 Proc. Nat. Acad. USA 77:  1091-
  95.
β
  24% wild-type levels of CRM; kinetic properties of residual
  activity indistinguishable from those of wild type.
		
             
        
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Idh for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry B7Z0E0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0076667
1616
416
FBtr0076669
2026
450
FBtr0076670
1944
469
FBtr0076671
1642
437
FBtr0076668
1646
416
FBtr0076673
1809
450
FBtr0114548
1776
450
FBtr0114549
1899
450
FBtr0333058
1974
479
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0076390
46.7
416
6.71
FBpp0076392
50.4
450
7.82
FBpp0076393
52.6
469
7.57
FBpp0076394
49.0
437
6.26
FBpp0076391
46.7
416
6.71
FBpp0076396
50.4
450
7.82
FBpp0113040
50.4
450
7.82
FBpp0113041
50.4
450
7.82
FBpp0305272
53.6
479
7.33
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

416 aa isoforms: Idh-PA, Idh-PF
450 aa isoforms: Idh-PB, Idh-PG, Idh-PI, Idh-PJ
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

933 (aa)

Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Idh using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.01

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Idh in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Idh
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Idh
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (12)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
12 of 13
No
Yes
12 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
12 of 13
No
Yes
12 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
2 of 11
Yes
No
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Idh. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3L
Recombination map
3-24
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
66C8-66C8
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L0139L0139 and P{PZ}Gug03928&P{EP}CG6745EP595b
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
66C8-66C9
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (20)
Genomic Clones (12)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (260)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      CG7176 encodes a putative cytoplasmic form of IDH.

      The relationship between survival, sex and Idh phenotypes is submitted to the paraquat bioassay and results show an intersection between the way in which oxidative damage affects bioenergetic pathways and its influence on the development and aging processes.

      Idh enzyme activity has been measured in D.melanogaster lines in which spontaneous mutations have accumulated over approximately 300 mutations.

      Gramoxone has no mutagenic effect on the genetic background of Idh.

      Structural gene or genes for NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase <up>threo-D- isocitrate:NADP+ oxydoreductase (decarboxylating)</up> (IDH).

      Studies of purified enzyme indicate it to have a molecular weight of 110,000 and to be a dimer of subunits with molecular weights 60,000 and 50,000.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: Idh l(3)L3852

      Source for merge of: l(3)L3852 CG7176

      Additional comments

      Source for merge of Idh l(3)L3852 was map position and function ( date:020805 ).

      Source for merge of l(3)L3852 CG7176 was a shared cDNA (GH01524) ( date:011030 ).

      Whether the two subunits are products of one or of two closely linked genes is uncertain; formation of a hybrid dimer in IdhF/IdhS heterozygotes suggests a single locus, but the mapping results are suggestive of two.

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (23)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      IDH (CG7176)
      isocitrate dehydrogenase
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0013617
      • FBgn0035881
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 90 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      References (170)