FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\gcm[N7-4]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\gcm^N7-4

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0045750

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\gcm

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

glide/gcm^N7-4, glide^N7-4

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

loss of function allele

Mutagen

diepoxybutane

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Udolph et al., 2001, Jones et al., 1995)

loss of function allele

(Bernardoni et al., 1997)

Mutagen

diepoxybutane

(Vincent et al., 1996, Jones et al., 1995)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Nucleotide substitution: G to C. Amino acid replacement: C93S.

(Miller et al., 1998)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

2L:9,581,315..9,581,315 [-]

Nucleotide change:

G9581315C

Amino acid change:

C93S | gcm-PA; C93S | gcm-PB

(Miller et al., 1998)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | embryonic stage 16

(Inbal et al., 2004)

central nervous system

(Jones et al., 1995)

CNS glial cell

(Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001)

embryonic/larval crystal cell

(Bataille et al., 2005)

embryonic/larval glial cell

(Vincent et al., 1996, Jones et al., 1995)

embryonic mandibular segment

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

embryonic maxillary segment

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

embryonic neuroblast

(Bernardoni et al., 1999)

glial cell

(Ragone et al., 2003)

glial cell | somatic clone

(Viktorin et al., 2011)

glioblast

(Bernardoni et al., 1999)

hemocyte

(Bernardoni et al., 1997)

larval longitudinal connective

(Ragone et al., 2003, Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001)

larval longitudinal connective | embryonic stage

(Vincent et al., 1996)

lch5 ligament attachment cell | embryonic stage 16

(Inbal et al., 2004)

mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta | supernumerary (with gcm^Pyx)

(van de Bor et al., 2002)

nerve | embryonic stage

(Vincent et al., 1996)

neuroblast NB6-4 | ectopic

(Bernardoni et al., 1999)

scolopidial ligament cell | embryonic stage 16

(Inbal et al., 2004)

subperineurial glial cell

(Udolph et al., 2001)

symmetrical commissure

(Ragone et al., 2003)

ventral longitudinal muscle cell | embryonic stage (with Df(2L)132)

(Soustelle et al., 2004)

wing & neuron | supernumerary | somatic clone

(van de Bor et al., 2000)

wing & thecogen cell | somatic clone

(van de Bor et al., 2000)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Homozygous gcm^N7-4 neuroblast clones consistently show a loss of glial cells. However, axonal patterns in those clones appear normal.

(Viktorin et al., 2011)

Mutant embryos show a slight fusion of the maxillary and mandibular segments.

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Stage 17 homozygous embryos show a complete loss of the blood brain barrier (assayed by studying dextran uptake in living embryos).

(Stork et al., 2008)

gcm^N7-4 mutants exhibit a marked increase in the number of crystal cells. This phenotype is not enhanced when combined with Df(2L)200.

(Bataille et al., 2005)

The lch5 chordotonal organs of stage 16 gcm^N7-4 mutant lack scolopidial ligament cells and ligament attachment cells. The resulting lch5 chordotonal organs are not fully stretched and have shorter than normal cap cells.

(Inbal et al., 2004)

In early stage 17 gcm^N7-4/Df(2L)132 embryos, some ventral longitudinal muscles bypass their target tendon cells, cross the ventral midline and attach to muscles on the opposite side. This phenotype is not seen in gcm^N7-4 homozygotes.

(Soustelle et al., 2004)

Mutant cells lack most glial cells. In the ventral cord these cells are completely absent, occasionally 3 cells on average are seen throughout the whole ventral cord, compared to the 60 cells per neuromere seen in wild-type. This leads to major defects in axonal guidance and fasciculation, resulting in an overall lack of nerve cord condensation. Mutant embryos show a loss of some longitudinal fascicles. Only one or two most medial of the three Fas2 staining fascicles are seen in a number of segments. Moreover some axons abnormally cross the midline. Other phenotypers are also seen. Longitudinal connectives are thin and interrupted, commissures appear fused and the ventral cord fails to condense.

(Ragone et al., 2003)

Homozygous clones do not show bristle phenotypes. gcm^Pyx/gcm^N7-4 adults have the same phenotype as gcm^Pyx/+ flies (extra macrochaetae on the notum).

(van de Bor et al., 2002)

Lateral glial cells of the embryonic central nervous system are almost entirely absent. Longitudinal connective shows breaks in stage 15 embryos.

(Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001)

The subperineurial glial cells are absent from the embryonic CNS.

(Udolph et al., 2001)

The number of glial cells along wing vein L1 is drastically reduced in homozygous clones that affect the anterior wing margin. The few glial cells that are seen in the mutant territory are not themselves mutant (these wild-type glial cells are likely to have differentiated distally to the clone and subsequently migrated into the clone). Clones that affect wing vein L3 show similar effects. No homozygous mutant glial cells are ever seen in homozygous clones in the wing. Supernumerary neurons are also seen along the L3 vein in wing clones. One supernumerary neuron is seen when the L3-1, L3-3 or L3-v sensory organ alone is mutated, whereas no supernumerary neurons are seen in clones affecting the L3-2 sensory organ.

(van de Bor et al., 2000)

The number of neuroblasts increases in gcm^N7-4 embryos. In stage 11 embryos, the first division of the 6-4 stem cell divides to produce 2 neuroblasts, instead of one neuroblast and a glioblast. In gcm^N7-4/gcm³⁴ embryos many glioblasts are transformed into neuroblasts.

(Bernardoni et al., 1999)

One-third of hemocytes are missing in mutant embryos. gcm^N7-4/gcm³⁴ embryos have fewer hemocytes than normal, and the hemocytes show little migration compared to wild-type.

(Bernardoni et al., 1997)

Homozygous embryos exhibit a drastic reduction in the number of glial cells. Longitudinal fibres are partially or completely interrupted in several segments and the peripheral nerves exhibit defects.

(Vincent et al., 1996)

Embryos exhibit severe pathway defects and almost completely lack glia.

(Jones et al., 1995)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4/gcm[+] is a suppressor of increased cell number | embryonic stage phenotype of ago³, slmb⁰⁰²⁹⁵

(Ho et al., 2009)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4 has embryonic maxillary segment phenotype, enhanceable by Dfd¹⁶

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

gcm^N7-4 has embryonic mandibular segment phenotype, enhanceable by Dfd¹⁶

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4 has CNS glial cell phenotype, suppressible by gcm2^UAS.cKa/Scer\GAL4^{l(3)31-1-31-1}

(Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4 has subperineurial glial cell phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407/N^Δ242.UAS

(Udolph et al., 2001)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4 is an enhancer of embryonic maxillary segment phenotype of Dfd¹⁶

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

gcm^N7-4 is an enhancer of embryonic mandibular segment phenotype of Dfd¹⁶

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

gcm^N7-4/gcm[+] is a suppressor of glial cell | embryonic stage phenotype of ago³, slmb⁰⁰²⁹⁵

(Ho et al., 2009)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

slmb⁰⁰²⁹⁵, ago³, gcm^N7-4 triple mutants results in the absence of almost all glia, as observed in gcm^N7-4 single mutants. One copy of gcm^N7-4 suppresses the increased glial cell number phenotype observed in slmb⁰⁰²⁹⁵, ago³ double mutants.

(Ho et al., 2009)

The formation of the maxillary-mandibular boundary is completely lost in gcm^N7-4, Dfd¹⁶ double mutant embryos.

(Stöbe et al., 2009)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

gcm^N7-4/Df(2L)132 is rescued by gcm^+t36.5

(Laneve et al., 2013)

gcm^N7-4/Df(2L)132 is rescued by gcm^Tag:FLAG

(Laneve et al., 2013)

gcm^N7-4 is rescued by gcm^+t12.6

(Ragone et al., 2003)

gcm^N7-4 is rescued by gcm^+t5.6

(Ragone et al., 2003)

gcm^N7-4 is rescued by gcm^+t7.6

(Ragone et al., 2003)

gcm^N7-4 is rescued by gcm^+t9.6

(Ragone et al., 2003)

gcm^N7-4 is rescued by gcm^UAS.cBa/Scer\GAL4^{l(3)31-1-31-1}

(Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001)

Comments

gcm^+t36.5 and gcm^T:Zzzz\FLAG each fully rescue the lethality of gcm^N7-4/Df(2L)132 animals.

(Laneve et al., 2013)

The addition of gcm^+t5.6 to gcm^N7-4 animals leads to the rescue of subperineural glia (SPG), and peripheral glia (PG). The addition of gcm^+t7.6 to gcm^N7-4 animals leads to the rescue of subperineural glia (SPG), peripheral glia (PG), central body glia (CBG) and some longitudinal glia. The addition of gcm^+t9.6 to gcm^N7-4 animals leads to the rescue of most glia. The addition of gcm^+t12.6 to gcm^N7-4 animals leads to the rescue of almost all glia, though gaps are still present along the longitudinal connectives. The extent of rescue in all of these cases is dose dependent.

(Ragone et al., 2003)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Kyoto

107588

gcm^N7-4 pr¹ cn¹ PPO1^Bc/CyO, amos^Roi-1 cn^* pr⁺

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

N7-4

(Ricard et al., 2001)

gcm

(Ding et al., 2011)

gcm^7-4

(Ratnaparkhi and Zinn, 2007)

gcm^N17

(Schwabe et al., 2005)

gcm^N7-4

(Magadi et al., 2020, Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Laneve et al., 2013, Viktorin et al., 2011, Ho et al., 2009, Stöbe et al., 2009, Stork et al., 2008, Altenhein et al., 2006, Parker et al., 2006, Serpe and O'Connor, 2006)

gcm^N7.4

(Udolph et al., 2001)

glide/gcm^N7-4

(van de Bor et al., 2002, Kammerer and Giangrande, 2001, Ragone et al., 2001, van de Bor et al., 2000, Bernardoni et al., 1999, Miller et al., 1998, Bernardoni et al., 1997)

glide^N7-4

(Soustelle et al., 2004, Ragone et al., 2003, Vincent et al., 1996)

l(2)N7-4

(van de Bor et al., 2002)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (29)

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