In the presence of Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107 at low temperatures, deformed mushroom bodies (MBs), indicating leaky activity, are seen with P{UAS-RA.cs2}39, but not P{UAS-RA.cs2}CC. Two types of MB defects are noticed: axons crossing the midline and reduced number of vertical axons. In some severe cases, the alpha' lobe is missing. At 30 degrees C, P{UAS-RA.cs2}CC is as effective as P{UAS-RA.cs2}39, causing severe MB defects.

Expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^Cha.7.4 at 30[o]C impairs long term memory (1 day memory after spaced training is reduced compared to controls in an olfactory associative conditioning assay when the flies are shifted to 30[o]C immediately after training). This effect is still seen if the flies also carry Scer\GAL80^Mef2.PT (which limits Scer\GAL4 expression to neurons outside of the mushroom body), but is not seen if the flies also carry Scer\GAL80^cry.PS (which removes Scer\GAL4 expression from two dorsal-anterior-lateral neurons of the protocerebrum).

1 day memory after spaced training in an olfactory associative conditioning assay is intact in flies expressing activated Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS during the 24 hour retention period (flies shifted to 30[o]C immediately after training and maintained at that temperature for 24 hours) when expression is driven by one of Scer\GAL4^P0010, Scer\GAL4^Feb170, Scer\GAL4^Aph-4-c507, Scer\GAL4^c42, Scer\GAL4^c217, Scer\GAL4^ey-OK107, Scer\GAL4^G0050, Scer\GAL4^E0973, Scer\GAL4^c747, Scer\GAL4^c739, Scer\GAL4^c305a, Scer\GAL4^c247, Scer\GAL4^ple.PF, Scer\GAL4^c316, Scer\GAL4^GH146, Scer\GAL4^Orco.PC, Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4^repo.PU, Scer\GAL4^VGlut.PD, Scer\GAL4^Tdc2.PC, Scer\GAL4^Gad1.3.098 or Scer\GAL4^tim.PE.

Long term memory (1 day memory after spaced training in an olfactory associative conditioning assay) is impaired in flies expressing activated Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS during the 24 hour retention period (flies shifted to 30[o]C immediately after training and maintained at that temperature for 24 hours) when expression is driven by one of Scer\GAL4^cer-Mz1180, Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL, Scer\GAL4^Hn.493, Scer\GAL4^Hn.996, Scer\GAL4^cry.PU or Scer\GAL4^CaMKII.7.

Long term memory (1 day memory after spaced training in an olfactory associative conditioning assay) is impaired in flies expressing activated Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS during the 24 hour retention period (flies shifted to 30[o]C immediately after training and maintained at that temperature for 24 hours) when expression is driven by Scer\GAL4^per.PK. This defect is no longer seen if the Scer\GAL4^per.PKflies also carry Scer\GAL80^cry.PS (which removes Scer\GAL4 expression from two dorsal-anterior-lateral neurons of the protocerebrum).

1 day memory is disrupted after spaced training but not after massed training in an olfactory associative conditioning assay in flies in which Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS is activated (by shifting the flies to 30[o]C) during the first 12 hours after training when expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS is driven by either Scer\GAL4^E0946, Scer\GAL4^G0338 or Scer\GAL4^G0431.

Expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of either Scer\GAL4^ap-md544, Scer\GAL4^bbg-C96 or Scer\GAL4^brk.PU from the early second instar until eclosion (animals initially raised at 18[o]C, and then switched to 29[o]C at the early second instar) results in a reduction in total wing area compared to control flies. The wings have normal shape, proportion and vein patterning.

Expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of either Scer\GAL4^en-e16E or Scer\GAL4^ci.PU from the early second instar until eclosion (animals initially raised at 18[o]C, and then switched to 29[o]C at the early second instar) results in a reduction in total wing area compared to control flies. A reduction in area of both the wing compartment expressing the Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS transgene and the neighbouring, non-expressing wing compartment is seen in both cases.

BrdU incorporation is not significantly affected compared to controls in the posterior (Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS expressing) compartment of wing discs expressing Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E at 30[o]C in third instar larvae. However, BrdU incorporation in the adjacent, non-expressing anterior compartment is strongly reduced.

BrdU incorporation is not significantly affected compared to controls in the dorsal (Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS expressing) compartment of wing discs expressing Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^ap-md544 at 30[o]C in third instar larvae. However, BrdU incorporation in the adjacent, non-expressing ventral compartment is strongly reduced.

A clear increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells is seen in the territory of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS expression in wing discs expressing Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^en-e16E at 30[o]C, as well as in adjacent cells that are not expressing Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS.

Expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^tsh-md621 at 29^oC during the second larval instar results in a reduction of proliferation in the genital disc.

Expression of Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^how-24B at 29^oC results in a severe loss of musculature in the embryo.

Flies expressing Rcom\RA^cs2.Scer\UAS under the control of Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF survive to adulthood at 18⁰C. When adult flies are shifted to 29⁰C prior to behavioural experiments, these flies still show optomotor responses.

Scer\GAL4^C-734-mediated expression at 31^oC for 8 hours causes an abrupt increase in the frequency of dead cells. Examination of Scer\GAL4 activity and subsequent Ecol\lacZ expression (Ecol\lacZ^Scer\UAS.cBa) reveals that the dead cells do not migrate within the wing disc and are engulfed in place. Scer\GAL4^en-e16E-mediated expression for 8-24 hours at 31^oC causes the appearance of apoptotic cells in the posterior compartment of the wing disc. After a chase period of 8-24 hours at 17^oC ectopic cell death is now observed in the anterior compartment, a temporal evolution is seen to the spreading effect. After induction of cell death there is a substantial increase in the rate of DNA synthesis. Induction of cell death after 24 hours of larval development does not affect the final size of the wings. Scer\GAL4^zfh2-MS209-mediated expression causes cell death in the wing hinge and Scer\GAL4^ap-md544-mediated expression causes cell death in the dorsal compartment of the wing disc.