FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\ft[4]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ft⁴

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0004790

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\ft

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

fat^a13, l(2)ft^a13, fat⁴, l(2)fat^a13, ft^a13

Key Links

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Zhimulev and Szidonya, 1991)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

abnormal developmental rate | recessive

(Garoia et al., 2000)

abnormal size | cell autonomous | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

abnormal size | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

decreased cell size | recessive | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

hyperplasia

(Garoia et al., 2000, Woods et al., 1997, Szidonya and Reuter, 1988)

hyperplasia (with ft^G-rv)

(Garoia et al., 2000)

hyperplasia | recessive

(Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

hyperplasia | somatic clone

(Garoia et al., 2000)

increased cell number | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

lethal

(Zhimulev and Szidonya, 1991, Jursnich et al., 1990)

lethal (with Df(2L)BSC217)

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

lethal | recessive

(Szabad et al., 1991)

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

(Bryant et al., 1988)

some die during pharate adult stage | recessive

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

some die during pupal stage | recessive

(Bryant et al., 1988)

visible | recessive | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

Phenotype Manifest In

embryonic/larval crystal cell

(Milchanowski et al., 2004)

imaginal disc

(Garoia et al., 2000, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Bryant et al., 1988)

macrochaeta

(Buratovich and Bryant, 1997)

mesothoracic tergum & chaeta | somatic clone

(Garoia et al., 2000)

mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004, Garoia et al., 2000)

wing & chaeta | somatic clone

(Garoia et al., 2000)

wing | somatic clone

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004, Garoia et al., 2000)

wing disc

(Garoia et al., 2000)

wing vein | somatic clone

(Garoia et al., 2000)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

The average number of crystal cells per embryo is reduced in homozygous stage 13-14 embryos compared to wild type.

(Milchanowski et al., 2004)

The average size of adult wing cells in homozygous clones is 25% smaller than surrounding wild-type cells. The average area of a sector containing a mutant clone is increased by 5.5% compared to controls, and the increase can be fourfold when the clone occupies more than 50% of the mosaic sector. The average number of cells for a sector carrying a mutant clone is increased by 21.8% compared to controls, with an increase of nearly 60% in larger clones. In addition to the increase in size of the sector containing a mutant clone (autonomous effect), there is a corresponding reduction in non-mutant sectors of the same wing (non-autonomous effect), the reduction in sector size being up to 5.1%. This reduction occurs in all non-mutant sectors of the wing irrespective of the distance to the mosaic sector or wing compartment. Homozygous clones in the notum produce an overproliferation of cells, which leads to an increase in notum size with smaller cells than normal. There is an increase in the number of chaetae in the mutant clone, up to 69% higher than controls. There is an increase in microchaetae density, due both to smaller cells and fewer cells between the microchaetae than normal (5.12 in mutant tissue compared to 5.34 in wild type).

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004)

Homozygous ft⁴ larvae show a delay of 5-6 days to pupariation and die as early pupae, prior to reaching pharate stage. Their discs, in particular the wing disc, are many times larger than those of wild-type mature larvae, becoming larger the longer the larvae remain in culture. Cell densities are higher (1.2 times) than wild-type. Some apoptotic cells are seen in the wing blade. ft^k07918/ft⁴ larvae show a delay in pupariation of 1-2 days and have a maximal disc size similar to that of ft^k07918 homozygotes. Somatic wing clones of homozygous ft⁴ in a M(2)24F¹ background tend to fill one or several intervein sectors but a fraction do cross the dorsal ventral boundary. The clones tend to fill proximal regions of the wing. The distal borders of clones are rounded, and are smooth in contrast with the indented borders found in control clones. In all of these features ft^k07918 and ft^G-rv are more extreme than ft⁴. Clones can also cause outgrowths in the wing, generally in the proximal part of the wing blade. There are blisters that evaginate from the wing surface and have irregular trichome polarities, usually perpendicular to the clone border. Trichome density in clones is higher than wild-type clones - about 1.4 times that of wild-type, indicating that cell size is smaller than wild-type. Somatic clones in the notum (of homozygous ft⁴ in a M(2)24F¹ background) are large, with more cells than control clones, leading to an increase in the total notum surface. They contain many more chaetae (1.7 times wild-type) and higher cell density (1.2 times). Similar deviations occur in the legs and head capsule. tergite clones however shoe normal patterns of pigment chaetae and trichomes.

(Garoia et al., 2000)

Mutant clones make outgrowths which are not deficient in bristles, having more than wild type tissue. Some form vesicles with internally facing bristles.

(Buratovich and Bryant, 1997)

Hyperplastic overgrowth mutant. Apico-lateral junctional complexes appear normal.

(Woods et al., 1997)

Hyperplastic imaginal disc overgrowth, affecting all discs. Discs implanted into wild type hosts for metamorphosis overgrow and form normal imaginal structures. ft⁸/ft⁴ mutant larvae do not grow beyond the maximum size seen for wild type larvae.

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

Homozygous 10 day-old larvae have smaller salivary glands than wild-type.

(Zhimulev and Szidonya, 1991)

Hyperplastic growth. Imaginal discs show normal gap-junctional communication.

(Jursnich et al., 1990)

Homozygous larvae and transheterozygotes in combination with ft⁸ have overgrown imaginal discs and die at the pupal stage.

(Bryant et al., 1988)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

ft⁴/ft[+] is a suppressor of visible phenotype of CycE^JP

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

ft⁴/ft[+] is an enhancer of crossvein phenotype of fj^{t14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)}

(Strutt et al., 2004)

ft⁴/ft[+] is an enhancer of wing phenotype of fj^{t14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)}

(Strutt et al., 2004)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

ft⁴ is a suppressor of arista | increased number phenotype of obk¹

(Atallah et al., 2004)

ft⁴/ft[+] is a suppressor of eye phenotype of CycE^JP

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Reduction in the distance between anterior and posterior cross-veins in fj^{t14.T:Hsap\GALNT3} flies is enhanced by ft⁴/+.

(Strutt et al., 2004)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (2)

Bloomington

5405

y¹ w^*; ft⁴ or¹/In(2L)Cy, In(2R)Cy, Duox^Cy amos^Roi-1 cn² bw¹ or¹ speck²

Kyoto

108206

y¹ w^*; ft⁴ or¹/In(2L)Cy, In(2R)Cy, amos^Roi-1 cn² bw¹ or¹ speck²

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Homozygous salivary glands can respond to added ecdysterone when incubated in vitro.

(Zhimulev and Szidonya, 1991)

Pole cell transplantation indicates that the ft product is required in the germ-line for normal egg development.

(Szabad et al., 1991)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

a13

(Bryant et al., 1988)

fat⁴

(Brumby et al., 2004, Milchanowski et al., 2004)

fat^a13

(Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004, Woods et al., 1997, Szabad et al., 1991)

ft⁴

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Sagner et al., 2012, Hernandez et al., 2004)

ft^a13

(Szidonya and Reuter, 1988, Szidonya and Reuter, 1988)

l(2)a13

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

l(2)fat^a13

(Peel and Bryant, 1996, Jursnich et al., 1990, Bryant et al., 1988)

l(2)ft⁴

(Hernandez et al., 2004)

l(2)ft^a13

(Atallah et al., 2004, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Zhimulev and Szidonya, 1991)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (19)

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