FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\rg
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rg
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
rugose
Annotation Symbol
CG44835
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0266098
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
rugose (rg) encodes a protein involved in synaptic architecture, brain morphology and associative learning. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

DAKAP550, Akap550

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-11
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:5085759..5254864
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348743
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in olfactory learning
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in short-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348743
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348743
is_active_in membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000348743
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the WD repeat neurobeachin family. (Q9W4E2)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
rugose (rg) encodes a protein involved in synaptic architecture, brain morphology and associative learning. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Binds to type II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A and anchors/targets them to the membrane. May anchor the kinase to cytoskeletal and/or organelle-associated proteins. Required for correct retinal pattern formation and may function in cell fate determination through its interactions with the EGFR and Notch signaling pathways. Required for associative odor learning and short-term memory. Involved in development of the neuromuscular junction and the mushroom body.
(UniProt, Q9W4E2)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
rg: rugose
Eyes variably rough depending on strength of allele; stronger alleles display reduced viability. Additional traits include wings thin, curled upward (rgP), margins somewhat frayed (rg1); eclosion delayed (rg7); body pale (rgP).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

protein kinase A anchor protein - required for correct retinal pattern formation through its interactions with Egfr and Notch pathways - mutants of the autism candidate gene neurobeachin (rugose) exhibit neuro-developmental disorders, aberrant synaptic properties, altered locomotion, impaired adult social behavior and activity patterns

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
7

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\rg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W4E2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0344647
15981
3719
FBtr0344648
14745
3203
FBtr0344649
15534
3466
FBtr0344650
11424
3400
FBtr0344651
19353
3446
FBtr0344652
16491
3785
FBtr0344668
16076
3239
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0310994
411.8
3719
5.43
FBpp0310995
358.6
3203
4.97
FBpp0310996
384.5
3466
5.04
FBpp0310997
377.3
3400
4.97
FBpp0310998
381.1
3446
5.05
FBpp0310999
419.0
3785
5.54
FBpp0311009
361.0
3239
5.05
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with RII subunit of PKA and components of the EGFR-mediated and Notch-mediated signaling pathways.

(UniProt, Q9W4E2)
Domain

RII-alpha binding site, predicted to form an amphipathic helix, could participate in protein-protein interactions with a complementary surface on the R-subunit dimer.

(UniProt, Q9W4E2)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.87

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

rg protein is detected in the cell bodies in the larval and adult brain, opposite to the cis-Golgi marker GM130.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rg in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 61 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rg
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rg
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 35 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 35 )
Gene not duplicated in
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
eye (with rg41)
eye (with rgγ1)
eye (with rgγ2)
eye (with rgγ3)
eye (with rgγ4)
eye (with rgγ5)
eye (with rgγ6)
eye (with rgγ7)
eye (with rgγ8)
eye (with rgγ9)
eye (with rgγ10)
eye (with rgγ11)
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
1  
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
2 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
2 of 12
Yes
No
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:rg. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
RNA-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Interacts with RII subunit of PKA and components of the EGFR-mediated and Notch-mediated signaling pathways.
(UniProt, Q9W4E2 )
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Linkouts
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
X
Recombination map
1-11
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
4E2-4F3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
4F1-4F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (22)
Genomic Clones (65)
cDNA Clones (29)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        Annotation CG15466 was eliminated in release 3 of the genome annotation, October 2002.

        Cloning and sequencing of rg cDNA, the differential expression of the protein during embryogenesis and the mapping of the binding site are studied.

        The interaction of rap and rg with S is synergistic and dosage sensitive.

        lzl may be allelic to rg.

        The abnormal rg phenotype is due to a developmental defect: late occurring defects. Adult eye is rough with variable facet shape, variable number of rhabdomeres per ommatidium, eye disc pattern appears normal.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: rg Akap550

        Source for merge of: rg CG15466

        Source for merge of: rg CG15464

        Additional comments

        One or more of the processed transcripts for these genes contain two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by CG44835 (FBgn0266098), CG15465 (FBgn0029746).

        Annotations CG6775 and CG15464 merged as CG44835 in release 5.52 of the genome annotation. Merge based on RNA-Seq junction and expression data.

        Release 2 annotation CG15466 (which was eliminated in release 3 of the genome annotation) has been merged with CG6775 (which corresponds to rg) in release 5.1 of the genome annotation.

        Not allelic to N or rst.

        may be allelic to lzl: lozenge-like

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Akap550 CG6775

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
        Reported As
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0086911
        • FBgn0003244
        • FBgn0021748
        • FBgn0040912
        • FBgn0029748
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 79 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (129)