FB2024_04 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\gpp
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\gpp
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
grappa
Annotation Symbol
CG42803
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0264495
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
grappa (gpp) encodes a histone methyltransferase which methylates Lys79 of histone H3. It is required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and Trithorax Group (TrxG) maintenance of gene expression. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

l(3)03342

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.5
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:6406855..6449274
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P26017
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q24459
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VB08
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VHA0
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P09087
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000485246
involved_in DNA repair
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000485246
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR021169
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR030445
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000485246
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR021169
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. DOT1 family. (Q8INR6)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
grappa (gpp) encodes a histone methyltransferase which methylates Lys79 of histone H3. It is required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and Trithorax Group (TrxG) maintenance of gene expression. [Date last reviewed: 2023-11-16]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED PROTEIN-LYSINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASES -
This group comprises protein-lysine N-methyltransferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Histone methyltransferase (PubMed:15371351). Methylates 'Lys-79' of histone H3 (PubMed:15371351, PubMed:37827158). Required for Polycomb Group (PcG) and trithorax Group (trxG) maintenance of expression (PubMed:15371351). Also involved in telomeric silencing but do not in centric heterochromatin (PubMed:15371351). Probably participates in pairing sensitivity (PubMed:15371351).
(UniProt, Q8INR6)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a histone methyltransferase that modifies the lysine 79 residue of histone H3 - necessary for the maintenance phase of Bithorax complex expression - has characteristics of both polycomb- and trithorax-group genes

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\gpp for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8INR6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0303787
7305
1848
FBtr0303788
7691
1848
FBtr0303789
8391
2137
FBtr0303790
10196
1848
FBtr0334322
8396
1898
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0292799
201.3
1848
9.86
FBpp0292800
201.3
1848
9.86
FBpp0292801
231.6
2137
9.55
FBpp0292802
201.3
1848
9.86
FBpp0306435
206.5
1898
9.66
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1848 aa isoforms: gpp-PB, gpp-PC, gpp-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gpp using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.76

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from mutant phenotype
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\gpp in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 44 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of gpp
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of gpp
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
8  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
6 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:gpp. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Other Interaction Browsers
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-47.5
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
83E6-83E7
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}casj1C2 and P{PZ}lab01241
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
83E-83E
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
83F1-83F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (26)
Genomic Clones (48)
cDNA Clones (69)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      gpp mutants exhibit phenotypes and genetic interactions that are characteristic of both Polycomb-Group and trithorax-Group genes.

      Area matching Drosophila EST AA735819.

      A novel trithorax group gene, identified in a genetic screen devised for the isolation of dominant suppressors of pairing-sensitive miniwhite inactivation.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: gpp anon-WO0118547.319

      Source for merge of: gpp CG10272 l(3)03342

      Source for merge of: gpp CG33324

      Source for merge of: CG10272 BcDNA:SD05230

      Source for merge of: gpp l(3)S073214b

      Additional comments

      Annotations CG10272 and CG33324 merged as CG42803 in release 5.30 of the genome annotation.

      The 3' exon of release 2 annotation CG10272 (which was deleted in the release 3.1 version of CG10272) has been restored as a distinct annotation, CG33324, in release 3.2 of the genome annotation.

      Source for merge of gpp anon-WO0118547.319 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

      Source for merge of CG10272 BcDNA:SD05230 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of
      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology

      The gene is named "grappa" because of the light yellow phenotype associated with the posterior-to-anterior transformation of the A5 and A6 male tergite plates seen in mutants (this light colour reminded one of the authors of a favourite drink from his not so distant youth and thus is the origin of the name).

      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
      Reported As
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0261972
      • FBgn0014963
      • FBgn0010795
      • FBgn0011041
      • FBgn0037444
      • FBgn0046759
      • FBgn0062097
      • FBgn0053324
      • FBgn0060693
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (94)