FB2024_02 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Ae2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ae2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Anion exchanger 2
Annotation Symbol
CG8177
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0036043
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-31
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9763544..9786466
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SLC4 FAMILY OF BICARBONATE TRANSPORTERS -
The solute carrier family 4 (SLC4) members are bicarbonate transmembrane transporters. SLC4 members are co-transporters that exchange Na+ or Cl- for HCO3- across the plasma membrane. They are primarily involved in acid-base homeostasis. (Adapted from FBrf0130048 and PMID:23506864).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
13
Number of Unique Polypeptides
8

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ae2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VT48)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0076321
5144
1268
FBtr0076320
5173
1201
FBtr0076317
5319
1201
FBtr0076322
4668
1161
FBtr0076323
5099
1228
FBtr0076318
4515
1201
FBtr0076319
5759
1268
FBtr0076324
4869
1201
FBtr0076325
5043
1201
FBtr0076326
4994
1166
FBtr0076327
4965
1233
FBtr0301228
1450
371
FBtr0331848
5620
1210
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0076050
142.8
1268
6.94
FBpp0076049
135.7
1201
6.67
FBpp0076046
135.7
1201
6.67
FBpp0076051
131.3
1161
6.72
FBpp0076052
138.4
1228
7.00
FBpp0076047
135.7
1201
6.67
FBpp0076048
142.8
1268
6.94
FBpp0076053
135.7
1201
6.67
FBpp0076054
135.7
1201
6.67
FBpp0076055
131.8
1166
6.96
FBpp0076056
138.9
1233
7.29
FBpp0290446
43.0
371
6.43
FBpp0304232
136.7
1210
6.72
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1201 aa isoforms: Ae2-PB, Ae2-PC, Ae2-PF, Ae2-PH, Ae2-PI
1268 aa isoforms: Ae2-PA, Ae2-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ae2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.96

Transcript Expression
microinjection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

RNA-seq data show that Ae2 is expressed throughout the larval midgut but is enriched in the acidic region of the larval midgut.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Ae2 staining is seen in four distinct domains within the larval midgut. These are the copper cell region, a cell cluster anterior to the copper cells, the large flat cells and a more posterior cluster of 2-3 cells that may correspond to iron cells. The staining in the copper cell region localizes to the interstitial cells.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ae2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ae2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ae2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (10)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (19)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (14)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
10 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (7)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ae2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
10 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-31
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    67C7-67C8
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}fry02240 and P{lacW}l(3)L0539L0539&P{PZ}Dhh1rL562
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (12)
    Genomic Clones (33)
    cDNA Clones (116)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: CG8177 anon- EST:Posey259

        Source for merge of: CG8177 BcDNA:RE59468

        Additional comments

        Source for merge of CG8177 BcDNA:RE59468 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Ae2 CG8177

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        Named "Anion exchanger 2" based on the closest homolog in mouse and human genomes.

        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 98 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        References (71)