FB2024_02 , released April 23, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Aos1
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Aos1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Activator of SUMO 1
Annotation Symbol
CG12276
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0029512
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Activator of SUMO 1 (Aos1) encodes one of two subunits (along with the product of Uba2) of the heterodimeric SUMO activating enzyme. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

SAE1, DmAos1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
87B10-87B10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-52
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:12432533..12433822
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to SUMO activating enzyme activity
inferred from direct assay
(Soory and Ratnaparkhi, 2022)
enables ubiquitin activating enzyme binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Uba2; FB:FBgn0029113
(Shih et al., 2002)
enables ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:lwr; FB:FBgn0010602
(Shih et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000011, InterPro:IPR035985
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kanoh et al., 2015)
involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kanoh et al., 2015)
involved_in protein sumoylation
inferred from direct assay
(Andreev et al., 2022, Ma et al., 2016)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kanakousaki and Gibson, 2012)
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kanakousaki and Gibson, 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein modification process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000011
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in protein sumoylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000102043
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000102040
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of SUMO activating enzyme complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000102043
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Activator of SUMO 1 (Aos1) encodes one of two subunits (along with the product of Uba2) of the heterodimeric SUMO activating enzyme. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway -
In Drosophila, the canonical Toll signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of a spatzle ligand to Toll (Tl) or a Toll-like receptor leading to the nuclear localization of the NF-κB (dl or Dif) transcription factor. Positive regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling lead to the increased nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB proteins and regulated expression of target genes. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SUMO ACTIVATING ENZYMES -
SUMO activating enzymes are 'canonical' E1 enzymes that act as heterodimers to activate the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO for subsequent steps along the SUMO conjugation cascade. They perform three distinct chemical reactions: first, they bind ATP, magnesium and SUMO to catalyze formation of a high-energy acyl adenylate intermediate with subsequent release of pyrophosphate; second, an E1 catalytic cysteine attacks the SUMO-adenylate to catalyze formation of a high-energy thioester bond between the E1 and SUMO and release of the AMP product; finally, the E1-SUMO catalyzes transthioesterification to an E2 to form a high energy thioester-linked E2-SUMO product. (Adapted from PMID:28234446.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

E1 SUMO-activating complex comprising the Aos1/Uba2 heterodimeric pair - required for SUMOylation - tumor suppressor regulating cell cycle, imaginal disc development, hematopoesis, and CNS development

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Aos1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KSM5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Aos1-RA
FBtr0082593
NM_141941
1167
337
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Aos1-PA
FBpp0082065
37.7
337
5.08
Q7KSM5
NP_650198
AAF54815
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

337 (aa)

(Bhaskar et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Aos1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.13

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Malpighian tubule primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
gonad
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
primordial germ cell
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
oogenesis
germarium
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
oogenesis stage S1 -- S10
nurse cell
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
oocyte
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
spermatogenesis
spermatogonium
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
spermatocyte
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
spermatid
(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
Additional Descriptive Data

Maternal Aos1 transcripts are distributed throughout the embryo until stage 10 and then decrease gradually. From stage 14 until the end of embryogenesis, transcripts are observed in the embryonic gonads in the pole cells. Within ovaries, transcripts are weakly detected in the germarium, are strongly expressed in stage S1-10 nurse cells and are weakly detected in the oocyte up until stage S10. Aos1 transcripts are weakly expressed in spermatogonial cells at the tip region and remain detectable in the spermatocytes and spermatids.

(Hashiyama et al., 2009)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Aos1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Aos1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Aos1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
FlyBase_internaltransgene_features:cell lethal:cell lethal | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
cell lethal | somatic clone - Minute background | third instar larval stage
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(3R)ED5554)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Df(3R)ED5591)
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate | wandering third instar larval stage
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased cell number | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
increased cell death | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
increased cell death | somatic clone - Minute background | third instar larval stage
melanotic mass phenotype | third instar larval stage
some die during P-stage
some die during P-stage (with Df(3R)ED5554)
some die during P-stage (with Df(3R)ED5591)
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during third instar larval stage
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult head, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
imaginal disc (with Df(3R)ED5554)
imaginal disc (with Df(3R)ED5591)
imaginal disc | larval stage
imaginal disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
imaginal disc | third instar larval stage
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
Hsap\SAE1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\MOCS3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NAE1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA7
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ATG7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UBA5
1 of 14
No
No
18  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (11)
Rnor\Sae1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Uba1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Atg7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mocs3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nae1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba1y
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Uba7
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (11)
Mmus\Sae1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Nae1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba6
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba7
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Atg7
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mocs3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba1y
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Uba5
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\sae1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ldb1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nae1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\qtrt1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\uba2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\sae1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\nae1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\uba1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\mocs3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\uba3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\uba6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\uba7
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)
Cele\aos-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\moc-3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\rfl-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\uba-2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\ula-1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\atg-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\uba-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\uba-5
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004459
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005102
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005544
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008637
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\MOCS3_ANOGA
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009012
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010303
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011872
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (14)
Atha\SAE1A
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\SAE1B
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\SAE1B
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AXL
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AXR1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\CNX5
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\SAE2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\UBA1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\UBA 2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\APG7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G05350
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G25880
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G19370
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ECR1
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (9)
Scer\AOS1
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\UBA1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\UBA2
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\UBA4
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\ULA1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\ATG7
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\TCD1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\TCD2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\UBA3
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (7)
Spom\rad31
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\fub2
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\ptr3
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\uba3
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\uba5
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\atg7
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPAC2G11.10c
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
Ecol\moeB
2 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\thiF
2 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Aos1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)
APP-BP1
4 of 13
Uba1
4 of 13
Uba2
4 of 13
Uba3
4 of 13
Uba4
4 of 13
Atg7
3 of 13
Uba5
3 of 13
mRpL36
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Aos1c06048
model of  hematologic cancer
CEA
(Kalamarz et al., 2012)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SAE1; SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 1
14 of 14
613294
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      MIST Molecular Interaction Search Tool
      View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Aos1 - AnxB10
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Aos1 - Sumo
      enzymatic study, autoradiography
      (Long and Griffith, 2000)
      Aos1 - Uba2
      experimental knowledge based, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Shih et al., 2002, Long and Griffith, 2000)
      Aos1 - UbcE2M
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Aos1 - lwr
      enzymatic study, autoradiography
      (Long and Griffith, 2000)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Positive Regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling Pathway -
      In Drosophila, the canonical Toll signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of a spatzle ligand to Toll (Tl) or a Toll-like receptor leading to the nuclear localization of the NF-κB (dl or Dif) transcription factor. Positive regulators of Toll-NF-κB Signaling lead to the increased nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB proteins and regulated expression of target genes. (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-52
      Cytogenetic map
      87B10-87B10
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      87B10-87B10
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}svp07842 and P{lacW}Vha55j2E9
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-52

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-49.5

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (5)
      Genomic Clones (9)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (74)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Long and Griffith, 2000)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.

          (Shigenobu et al., 2006)

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          (Kiger et al., 2003)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Aos1 SAE1 CG12276

          (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.5.22)
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (89)