FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\c(2)M

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\c(2)M

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

crossover suppressor on 2 of Manheim

Annotation Symbol

CG4249

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0028525

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Summary

crossover suppressor on 2 of Manheim (c(2)M) encodes a Kleisin family member in the cohesin proteins. It interacts with cohesins, such as the products of SMC1 and SMC3, to promote synaptonemal complex assembly in female meiosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

mei-910, BG:DS02740.10 , DS02740.10

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

35F1-35F1

Sequence location

2L:16,303,264..16,305,940 [+]

Recombination map

2-52

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:16303264..16305940

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in meiotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Page et al., 2007)

involved_in resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in synaptonemal complex

inferred from direct assay

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MEIOTIC COHESIN COMPLEX C2M-SA VARIANT

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MEIOTIC COHESIN COMPLEX C2M-SA VARIANT -: The meiotic cohesin complex forms a ring-like structure which encircles sister chromatids holding them together after meiotic DNA replication. (Adapted from FBrf0232850.)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\c(2)M for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VJL5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

c(2)M-RA

FBtr0080830

NM_135944

2262

570

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

c(2)M-PA

FBpp0080388

65.9

570

6.67

Q9VJL5

NP_609788

AAF53518

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9VJL5

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\c(2)M using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

c(2)M_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.29

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | female oogenesis stage S1 -- S7

presumptive oocyte & oocyte

• chromosome

Comment: expressed during meiosis

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Additional Descriptive Data

c(2)M protein is detected in a ribbon pattern along the length of meiotic chromosomes during pachytene in germarium region 2a of the ovary. Staining persists through stage 7 of oogenesis.

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in synaptonemal complex

inferred from direct assay

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\c(2)M in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\c(2)M

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\c(2)M

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0028525

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34964/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0028525

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0028525

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0028525

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4249

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0028525

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 8 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of c(2)M

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of c(2)M

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)r10

(Page et al., 2007)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

c(2)M^GD11262

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

c(2)M^GD11262

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

c(2)M^GD11262

Sterility

Allele

female fertile

c(2)M^{csm1-3.Tag:MYC}

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal meiotic cell cycle

abnormal meiotic cell cycle | female | germline clone

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

female germline cyst | oogenesis stage S1

c(2)M^EP2115

oocyte (with c(2)M^EP2115)

c(2)M^Z0810

oocyte (with c(2)M^Z0810)

c(2)M^EP2115

stage S1 oocyte | increased number

c(2)M^EP2115

synaptonemal complex | adult stage | female (with c(2)M^EP2115)

c(2)M^Z0810

synaptonemal complex | adult stage | female (with c(2)M^Z0810)

c(2)M^EP2115

synaptonemal complex | oogenesis stage S1

c(2)M^EP2115

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:c(2)M. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

c(2)M - Psf1

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Shanshan and Laixin, 2015)

c(2)M - SMC1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Urban et al., 2014)

c(2)M - SMC3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Meyer et al., 2014, Heidmann et al., 2004)

c(2)M - vtd

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Meyer et al., 2014, Urban et al., 2014)

c(2)M - wech

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Shanshan and Laixin, 2015)

c(2)M - yem

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Meyer et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

c(2)M

suppressible

pch2

(Joyce and McKim, 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Nipped-B

suppressible

c(2)M

(Gyuricza et al., 2016)

okr

enhanceable

c(2)M

(Bhagat et al., 2004)

sina

suppressible

c(2)M

(Hughes et al., 2019)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0028525

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

34964

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-52

Cytogenetic map

35F1-35F1

Sequence location

2L:16,303,264..16,305,940 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

35F1-35F1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}heix^k11403&P{lacW}heix^k12401 and P{EP}fzy^EP1028&P{lacW}mRpL4^k14608

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-52

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-49.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

91764

w^*; P{gc(2)M-myc}III.3

17233

w¹¹¹⁸; P{EP}c(2)M^EP2115

43977

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01587}attP2/TM6C, Sb¹ Tb¹

NIG-Fly

M2L-1336

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; c(2)M^SK2 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-1337

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; c(2)M^SK3 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-1068

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-c(2)M.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v106902

P{KK113370}VIE-260B

v26461

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD11262}v26461

Genomic Clones (12)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (14)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

GM03132

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0028525

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0028525

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

c(2)M appears to function within the synaptonemal complex during meiotic prophase I but possibly not thereafter, suggesting that it may not confer sister chromatic cohesion needed for meiosis I and II chromosome segregation.

(Heidmann et al., 2004)

c(2)M promoted the formation of crossovers.

(Manheim and McKim, 2003)

Mutants exhibit high levels of nondisjunction. The number of crossovers seen is reduced to less than 10%.

(Manheim and McKim, 2002)

Identification: genetic screen for meiotic mutants.

(Manheim et al., 2001)

A meiotic precondition genes, required for a step prior to the actual recombination event that produces a crossover.

(Manheim et al., 2001)

Mutants show defective meiosis.

(Manheim et al., 2001)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: mei-910 BG:DS02740.10

(McKim, 2001.3.5)

Source for identity of: c(2)M mei-910

(Manheim, 2002.3.18)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BG:DS02740.10

(Ashburner et al., 1999)

C(2)M

(Palacios et al., 2021, Fellmeth and McKim, 2020, Láscarez-Lagunas et al., 2020, Cahoon et al., 2017, Kurdzo and Dawson, 2015, Shanshan and Laixin, 2015, Meyer et al., 2014, Hong et al., 2012, McKee et al., 2012, Pek et al., 2012, Joyce and McKim, 2009, Mehrotra and McKim, 2006, Page and Hawley, 2006, Webber et al., 2004)

CG4249

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

DS02740.10

(Reese et al., 2000, Reese et al., 2000)

MEI-910

(Manheim and McKim, 2002)

c(2)m

(Urban et al., 2014, Malmanche et al., 2007)

mei-910

(Willingham and Keil, 2004, McKim, 2001.3.5, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12)

Name Synonyms

crossover suppressor on 2 of Manheim

(John et al., 2016, Mukai et al., 2006, Manheim, 2002.3.18)

α-kleisin

(Khetani and Bickel, 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

34964

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VJL5

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VJL5

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VJL5

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0028525

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

34964/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0028525

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0028525

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0028525

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG4249

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

34964

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0028525

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0028525

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0028525

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

c(2)M_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0028525

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0028525

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4249

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0028525

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

34964

References (75)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.29

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