FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\ewg
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ewg
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
erect wing
Annotation Symbol
CG3114
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0005427
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
erect wing (ewg) encodes a transcription factor that is essential for synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions, specification of photoreceptor subtypes, and formation of indirect flight muscles. ewg product has also been linked to the Hippo and Wingless pathways and serves as a major target of the RNA-binding protein encoded by elav. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

EC3, EG:BACR37P7.7 , l(1)EC3, l(1)1Ag

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-0
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:268509..279718
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pan; FB:FBgn0085432
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039142
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001838773
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001838773
located_in nucleus
traceable author statement
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the NRF1/Ewg family. (Q24312)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
erect wing (ewg) encodes a transcription factor that is essential for synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions, specification of photoreceptor subtypes, and formation of indirect flight muscles. ewg product has also been linked to the Hippo and Wingless pathways and serves as a major target of the RNA-binding protein encoded by elav. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED DNA BINDING DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
This group comprises DNA-binding transcription factors that do not classify under other domain-based transcription factor groups in FlyBase.
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Wnt-TCF Signaling Pathway -
Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
May function as a positive regulator of transcription in developing and differentiated neurons, regulating common aspects of neuronal differentiation and maintenance. Requirement in the CNS may be higher than in the peripheral system. Vital for development of the indirect flight muscles.
(UniProt, Q24312)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ewg: erect wing (J.C. Hall)
Viable allele causes wings to be held upright; wing posture phenotype shows incomplete penetrance. Dorso-ventral flight muscles often absent, especially when the mutation is heterozygous with a deficiency. Ultrastructure of tergal depressor of trochanter jump muscle normal. Flies hemizygous for lethal alleles die either just prior to hatching of the larva from the egg or immediately thereafter; mosaic analysis of certain lethal alleles suggests primary defect in developing muscles; however, in situ studies of transcription reveal that expression is confined to the nervous system and not the muscles (Fleming et al., 1989).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

nuclear respiratory factor-1 transcription factor - regulates synaptic growth - regulates spatio-temporal coordination of cell cycle exit, fusion and differentiation of adult muscle precursors

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
13
Number of Unique Polypeptides
12

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ewg for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24312)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Unconventional translation start (CUG) postulated; FBrf0059052.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0089442
4807
733
FBtr0089441
4042
840
FBtr0100577
3423
733
FBtr0100578
3497
581
FBtr0100579
3461
699
FBtr0100580
2961
579
FBtr0100581
2999
545
FBtr0100582
3035
427
FBtr0308208
3589
689
FBtr0308209
4051
843
FBtr0332976
4025
828
FBtr0332977
3926
795
FBtr0332978
4140
343
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

6.0, 5.2, 5.1, 4.3, 3.7 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0088457
77.8
733
4.98
FBpp0088456
88.5
840
6.51
FBpp0100032
77.8
733
4.98
FBpp0100033
62.2
581
7.79
FBpp0100034
74.5
699
5.78
FBpp0100035
61.8
579
4.53
FBpp0100036
58.5
545
4.86
FBpp0100037
46.3
427
8.44
FBpp0300528
72.8
689
5.99
FBpp0300529
88.7
843
6.51
FBpp0305192
87.2
828
6.74
FBpp0305193
83.9
795
6.64
FBpp0305194
36.5
343
7.45
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

733 aa isoforms: ewg-PA, ewg-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

733 (aa); 116 (kD observed)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer. Binds DNA as a dimer (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q24312)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ewg using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.93

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ewg in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 30 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ewg
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ewg
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 39 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 39 )
Gene not duplicated in
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
2  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ewg. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
3 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Dmel gene
    Ortholog showing functional complementation
    Supporting References
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Homodimer. Binds DNA as a dimer (By similarity).
    (UniProt, Q24312 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Positive Regulators of Wnt-TCF Signaling Pathway -
    Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-0
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    1A1-1A1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG17896EP1320&P{EP}EP1398 and P{EP}svrEP356&P{EP}argEP452
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    1A8-1A8
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    1A8-1B1
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (27)
    Genomic Clones (14)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (111)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        elav may increase splicing efficiency of ewg transcripts in alternatively spliced regions.

        The enrichment of the 116kD ewg gene product is enriched in the head due to tissue-specific alternate and inefficient splicing, not by transcriptional regulation. The distinction is biologically relevant: an increased level of the 116kD ewg gene product outside the nervous system causes lethality.

        ewg is required in the myoblasts for indirect flight muscle (IFM) development, this requirement is independent of the requirement or expression of ewg in the nervous system.

        Expression in the nervous system can rescue the embryonic lethality of ewg mutants but not the adult muscle defects. Expression from a heat shock promoter can restore IFM defects.

        Mutations in ewg cause an early patterning defect and degeneration of the indirect flight muscles (IFM) at the onset of their differentiation. The developmental defects can be rescued by heat induced expression of ewg.

        Protein encoded by the ewg open reading frame is sufficient to provide both the embryonic function and the requirement for the formation of indirect flight muscles.

        ewg+ has been localized to an 11.5kb genomic fragment by P element mediated rescue of ewg lethal mutations. In direction of increasing cytology: anon-1Aa? ewg?

        Analysis of ewg lethal embryos and adult mosaics suggests that ewg is required in the CNS and muscles for their correct development.

        Viable alleles cause wings to be held upright; wing posture phenotype shows incomplete penetrance. Dorso-ventral flight muscles often absent, especially when the mutation is heterozygous with a deficiency. Ultrastructure of tergal depressor of trochanter jump muscle normal. Flies hemizygous for lethal alleles die either just prior to hatching of the larva from the egg or immediately thereafter; mosaic analysis of certain lethal alleles suggests primary defect in developing muscles.

        Fate mapping of ewg mutants suggests their primary site of action maps to the ventral thoracic region of the blastoderm.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: ewg CG3114

        Source for identity of: ewg NRF-1

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        l(1)EC3f
        l(1)VA720
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0000609
        • FBgn0001600
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 84 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (155)