FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\Rop
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Rop
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ras opposite
Annotation Symbol
CG15811
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004574
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
May be a component of one of the vesicle trafficking pathways. May interact functionally with Ras2 protein. (UniProt, Q07327)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

Unc18, l(3)64Ah, cs1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-10
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:4136359..4138996
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (24 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187656
Biological Process (15 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
involved_in exosomal secretion
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in secretion by cell
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
involved_in exocytosis
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187655
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187659
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187656
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001619
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187655
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
non-traceable author statement
located_in cytosol
traceable author statement
located_in membrane
traceable author statement
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187656
is_active_in secretory granule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187656
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family. (Q07327)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SM TRAFFICKING GENES -
Members of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) gene family interact with soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) to regulate SNARE complex assembly and vesicle membrane fusion. (Adapted from PMID:20471239).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
May be a component of one of the vesicle trafficking pathways. May interact functionally with Ras2 protein.
(UniProt, Q07327)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Rop for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q07327)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0073263
2209
597
FBtr0310632
2638
597
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.9, 2.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0073119
67.9
597
6.67
FBpp0302752
67.9
597
6.67
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

597 aa isoforms: Rop-PA, Rop-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

75 (kD observed)

597 (aa); 68 (kD observed); 68 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Rop using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.19

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: localized, maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data

Rop transcripts are expressed in the garland cells starting in stage 13 of embryogenesis. They are also observed in the CNS, the PNS, and the antenno-maxillary complex. The pattern is very similar to that of Ras64B. The probe used does not distinguish between the two transcripts.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Fractionation results show that Rop protein is primarily in the cytosol but it is also peripherally associated with the plasma membrane.

Rop protein is detected throughout the embryo at low levels until stage 13, after which is appears at higher levels in some tissues. These include the epidermis, garland cells, gut, Malpighian tubules, salivary glands, and eventually in the axon tracts of the CNS and in the segmental and intersegmental nerves. In third instar larvae, Rop protein is found at high levels in the neuropil of the CNS, in the axon bundles and in their synapse rich termini (boutons). It is most abundant in the periphery of the boutons. Rop protein is observed at lower levels in the imaginal discs and muscles.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
located_in terminal bouton
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Rop in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Rop
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Rop
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 13 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
10 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Rop. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-10
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    64A7-64A7
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166 and P{PZ}sinu06524
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    64A10-64A11
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (12)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (144)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          Rop interacts with Syx1A in vivo, and is a rate-limiting regulator of exocytosis that has both positive and inhibitory functions in neurotransmission.

          The Rop gene product plays a role in general secretion and is required for exocytosis from a variety of secretory tissues.

          Rop is a member of the "Sec1" family of proteins involved in synaptic transmission and general secretion.

          The Rop protein plays a negative role in neurotransmitter release, in addition to its previously identified positive function possible by modulation of docking of synaptic vesicles or activation of a pre-fusion complex at the active zone.

          Loss of Rop blocks the extracellular accumulation of secreted products and temperature sensitive Rop mutations disrupt synaptic transmission in adults. Rop mutant clones fail to develop.

          Rop plays a positive role in synaptic transmission and functions in both secretion and neurotransmission.

          Ras64B/Rop bidirectional promoter supports the transcription of both genes. Mobility shift assays indicate the binding of a single major protein complex to the Ras64B/Rop promoter.

          A 3-5 fold induction of Rop protein in third instar larvae causes a dramatic decrease in neurotransmitter release. The number of spontaneous vesicle fusions is reduced by more than 50%, though calcium dependence of neurotransmitter release is not significantly altered.

          Rop plays a negative role in neurotransmitter release in vivo possibly by modulating the docking of synaptic vesicles or activation of a pre-fusion complex at the active zone.

          Rop is divergently transcribed from Ras64B, and the two transcription units are only 93 bases apart. Based on sequence similarities with related interacting proteins in yeast, it is suggested that Rop and Ras64B gene products are not simply coexpressed, but may interact with each other.

          A bidirectional promoter regulates the Ras64B gene in one direction and the Rop gene in the other direction.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          Name Synonyms
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0014289
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 55 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (137)