FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\tuh1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tuh1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
tumorous head on 1
Annotation Symbol
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003893
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
Also Known As

tuh, tuh-1

Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (0 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
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Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
    tuh1: tumorous head in chromosome 1
    Maternal effect gene with no phenotypic expression of its own; presence of gene indicated by difference in results obtained from reciprocal crosses between phenotypically tumorous head and inbred wild-type flies, the mutant phenotype only appearing in the offspring when the mother comes from the tuh stock (Gardner, 1959). There seems to be an interaction involving maternal effect substances between tuh1 (or tuh1+) and iab9tuh3, an allele of the most distal gene in the BXC; the homoeotic effects of homo- or heterozygous iab9tuh3 flies are strongly enhanced by the tuh1 allele. One type of abnormality in tumorous head mutants involves homoeotic changes, deficiencies, and duplications in the eye, antenna, or rostralhaut regions that transform parts of these structures into tergite-like, leg-like, or genital-like growths in the adult (Postlethwait et al., 1972). In the mutant larvae, patches of aldehyde oxidase positive tissue can be demonstrated within the aldehyde oxidase negative eye discs, where, presumably, transformed tissue will occur (Kuhn et al., 1979). Penetrance of these head abnormalities is increased by high temperature during oogenesis and early embryogenesis (Gardner, 1970; Bournias-Vardiabasis and Bownes, 1979) and also by the presence of E(tuh1) an enhancer of the mutant phenotype on 3R (Kuhn and Dorgan, 1974, Genetics 77: s37; Kuhn and Packert, 1988a). Modifiers on the first, second, and third chromosomes in certain lines likewise increase the maternal effect of tuh1 (Gardner, 1970; Woolf and Passage, 1980). The other type of abnormality occurring in tumorous head stocks involves genital disc defects that result in missing or undeveloped testes and associated organs, both in males and in transformed females (Gardner and Woolf, 1949; Woolf, 1966, 1968; Kuhn et al., 1981). Viability of stocks showing head abnormalities is about 70%; lethality may occur in the egg, larval, or pupal periods (Bournias-Vardiabasis and Bownes, 1978).
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    0
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    0
    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
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    end
    Structure
    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model
    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

     

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
      Mapped Features

      Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tuh1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

      External Data
      Crossreferences
      Linkouts
      Expression Data
      Testis-specificity index

      The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

      NA

      Transcript Expression
      Additional Descriptive Data
      Marker for
       
      Subcellular Localization
      CV Term
      Polypeptide Expression
      Additional Descriptive Data
      Marker for
       
      Subcellular Localization
      CV Term
      Evidence
      References
      Expression Deduced from Reporters
      High-Throughput Expression Data
      Associated Tools

      JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

      View Dmel\tuh1 in JBrowse
      RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
      Reference
      See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
      Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
      Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
      External Data and Images
      Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
      Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
      For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
       
      Other relevant insertions
      Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )
      For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
      Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tuh1
      Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tuh1
      Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 84 )
      Inferred from experimentation ( 84 )
      Gene not disrupted in
      Inferred from location ( 0 )
        Variants
        Variant Molecular Consequences
        Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
        Phenotypes
        For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
        Other Phenotypes
        Allele
        Phenotype manifest in
        Allele
        Orthologs
        Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
        Species\Gene Symbol
        Score
        Best Score
        Best Reverse Score
        Alignment
        Complementation?
        Transgene?
        Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
        Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
        Species\Gene Symbol
        Score
        Best Score
        Best Reverse Score
        Alignment
        Complementation?
        Transgene?
        Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
        Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
        Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
        Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
        Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
        Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
        Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
        Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
        Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
        Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
        Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
        Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tuh1. Refer to their site for version information.
        Paralogs
        Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
        Human Disease Associations
        FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
          Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
          Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
          Allele
          Disease
          Evidence
          References
          Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
          Human Ortholog
          Disease
          Evidence
          References
          Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
          Allele
          Disease
          Interaction
          References
          Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
          Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
          Homo sapiens (Human)
          Gene name
          Score
          OMIM
          OMIM Phenotype
          DO term
          Complementation?
          Transgene?
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          esyN Network Diagram
          Other Interaction Browsers
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          esyN Network Diagram
          Show/hide secondary interactors 
          (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
          esyN Network Key:
          Suppression
          Enhancement
          Other Interaction Browsers

          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          External Data
          Linkouts
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          External Data
          Linkouts
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          Recombination map
          1-65.3
          Cytogenetic map
          Sequence location
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          19F6-19F6
          Left limit from non-inclusion within Df(1)GA37 (FBrf0049891) Right limit from inclusion within Df(1)S54 (FBrf0049891)
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location
          Left of (cM)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes
          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (4)
          Genomic Clones (0)
           
            cDNA Clones (0)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                  BDGP DGC clones
                    Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Cell Line Information
                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                         
                          Other Comments

                          A wild type function of the tuh1 maternal effects may be to fine tune gene activity of Abd-B and probably other loci.

                          A third chromosome EMS-induced mutant I127, when homozygous or when heterozygous over Abd-Biab9-tuh-3, produces head abnormalities involving genital and abdominal transformations under the influence of the tuh1 maternal effect.

                          Approximately 7% of females from the tumorous head (CT) strain have abnormal thoracic appendages (mostly metathoracic) ranging from missing to duplicated structures. These defects are dependent on genes in the first and third chromosomes, consistent with tuh1 and Abd-Biab9-tuh-3 being involved.

                          The other type of abnormality occurring in tumorous head stocks involves genital disc defects that result in missing or undeveloped testes and associated organs, both in males and in transformed females.

                          Modifiers on the first, second and third chromosomes in certain lines likewise increase the maternal effect of tuh1.

                          Penetrance of these head abnormalities is increased by high temperature during oogenesis and early embryogenesis.

                          In the mutant larvae, patches of aldehyde oxidase positive tissue can be demonstrated within the aldehyde oxidase negative eye discs, where, presumably, transformed tissue will occur.

                          Viability of stocks showing head abnormalities is about 70%; lethality may occur in the egg, larval, or pupal periods.

                          Penetrance of these head abnormalities is increased by the presence of E(tuh1) an enhancer of the mutant phenotype on 3R.

                          There seems to be an interaction involving maternal effect substances between tuh1 (or tuh1+) and Abd-Biab9-tuh-3, an allele of the most distal gene in the BXC; the homoeotic effects of homo- or heterozygous Abd-Biab9-tuh-3 flies are strongly enhanced by the tuh1 allele. One type of abnormality in tumorous head mutants involves homoeotic changes, deficiencies and duplications in the eye, antenna, or rostralhaut regions that transform parts of these structures into tergite-like, leg-like, or genital-like growths in the adult.

                          Penetrance of these head abnormalities is increased by high temperature during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Modifiers on the first, second and third chromosomes in certain lines likewise increase the maternal effect of tuh1.

                          Maternal effect gene with no phenotypic expression of its own; presence of gene indicated by difference in results obtained from reciprocal crosses between phenotypically tumorous head and inbred wild-type flies, the mutant phenotype only appearing in the offspring when the mother comes from the tuh stock.

                          Relationship to Other Genes
                          Source for database merge of
                          Additional comments
                          Nomenclature History
                          Source for database identify of
                          Nomenclature comments
                          Etymology
                          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                          Datasets (0)
                          Study focus (0)
                          Experimental Role
                          Project
                          Project Type
                          Title
                          Study result (0)
                          Result
                          Result Type
                          Title
                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 2 )
                          Linkouts
                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                          References (38)