FB2024_03 , released June 25, 2024
Gene: Dmel\RpS3
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\RpS3
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ribosomal protein S3
Annotation Symbol
CG6779
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002622
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
DNA-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (3.2.2.23)
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (4.2.99.18)
Gene Summary
Ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) encodes a component of the small subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes, which translate mRNAs encoded by the nuclear genome. RpS3 is haploinsufficient - heterozygous mutants display the 'Minute' phenotype, characterized by a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. The product of RpS3 also contains a DNA lyase activity and functions in DNA repair. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

M(3)95A, M(3)w, S3, M(3R)w, dS3

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-78
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:23358812..23360207
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004044, InterPro:IPR009019
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000205057
traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001351, InterPro:IPR005703
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA repair
inferred from direct assay
involved_in mitotic cell cycle
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
involved_in translation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001351, InterPro:IPR005703
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in nuclear matrix
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000205057
traceable author statement
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000205060
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005703
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family. (Q06559)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
class I DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity
2'-deoxyribonucleotide-(2'-deoxyribose 5'-phosphate)- 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-DNA = a 3'-end 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-(2,3- dehydro-2,3-deoxyribose 5'-phosphate)-DNA + a 5'-end 5'-phospho- 2'-deoxyribonucleoside-DNA + H(+) (4.2.99.18)
RHEA 66592: oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity
Hydrolysis of DNA containing ring-opened 7-methylguanine residues, releasing 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methyl)formamidopyrimidine (3.2.2.23)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) encodes a component of the small subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes, which translate mRNAs encoded by the nuclear genome. RpS3 is haploinsufficient - heterozygous mutants display the 'Minute' phenotype, characterized by a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. The product of RpS3 also contains a DNA lyase activity and functions in DNA repair. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOPLASMIC SMALL RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS -
Cytoplasmic ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm. They translate all mRNAs produced from nuclear genes and perform the majority of cellular protein synthesis. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the small subunit is to bind mRNA. (Adapted from FBrf0205398)
DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASES -
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyases catalyze the cleavage of the C-O-P bond 3' from the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base. These enzymes are involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER). (Adapted from FBrf0076708).
DNA N-GLYCOSYLASES -
DNA N-glycosylases catalyze the hydrolyse of the N-glycosylic bond between the target damaged DNA base and deoxyribose and releases a free base and an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site in DNA. (Adapted from PMID:9224623).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Has DNA repair activity directed towards the mutagenic lesions 8-oxoguanine and abasic sites in DNA. It can cleave DNA containing 8-oxoguanine residues efficiently. Also acts as an ap lyase, cleaving phosphodiester bonds via a beta,delta elimination reaction.
(UniProt, Q06559)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
M(3)95A
Strong Minute; eclosion delayed 40 hours (Ferrus, 1975, Genetics 79: 589-99).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\RpS3 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q06559)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0084410
854
246
FBtr0346349
1133
246
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

0.94, 0.9 (northern blot)

0.856 (longest cDNA)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0083802
27.5
246
9.90
FBpp0312066
27.5
246
9.90
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

246 aa isoforms: RpS3-PA, RpS3-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

246 (aa); 27.5 (kD predicted)

246 (aa); 27 (kD)

Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with LTV1; the interaction is RNA-independent.

(UniProt, Q06559)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RpS3 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.07

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in nuclear matrix
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RpS3 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RpS3
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RpS3
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 14 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
7 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:RpS3. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
RNA-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
enhanceable
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Interacts with LTV1; the interaction is RNA-independent.
(UniProt, Q06559 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-78
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
94E13-94E13
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}cnc03921 and P{PZ}l(3)0690606906
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
94F-95A
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
95A-95A
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (15)
Genomic Clones (14)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (1219)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Haploinsufficient locus.

        Minute gene.

        Deletions removing RpS3 but no other cytoplasmic ribosomal protein-encoding genes show Minute phenotypes.

        Molecularly-defined mutations in RpS3 result in Minute phenotypes.

        RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

        Identified with: GH06471 (BDGP-DGC) <up>FlyBase curator comment: EST subsequently found to be chimeric</up>.

        Analysis of complete and partial revertants of RpS3Plac92 reveals that different degrees of RpS3 insufficiency produces distinct phenotypes, in which the penultimate effect prior to lethality constitutes arrest of gametogenesis and many morphological defects.

        Calf thymus DNA exposed to γ-irradiation under N2O can be used as a means of testing for N-glycosylase activity. 8-oxoGua and FapyGua are efficiently released from the irradiated DNA substrate. The ability of RpS3 to act on base mismatches opposite 8-oxoGua and the formation of an amino intermediate are studied to characterise the N-glycosylase activity of the protein.

        RpS3 is demonstrated to have dRpase activities and this suggests the ribosomal protein may be active in several steps of the DNA base excision repair pathway.

        DNA repair activities are associated with RpS3 in vitro. The repair activities directed towards the mutagenic lesions 8-oxoguanine and abasic sites in DNA are able to act in vivo to protect yeast cells from H2O22 and MMS toxicity. Results suggest the possibility that RpS3 may participate in both base excision repair and protein translation.

        RpS3 encodes a ribosomal protein.

        P-element mutagenesis confirms S3 as a Minute gene, mobilisation of the P-element reverts the flies to wild type.

        Biochemical properties of the recombinant protein demonstrate RpS3 is capable of acting on DNA containing apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. The protein is tightly associated with the nuclear matrix suggesting the protein may have a function in DNA repair.

        Cloned by hybridization to rat S3 cDNA probe. The RpS3 gene product has AP endonuclease activity.

        Strong Minute; eclosion delayed 40 hours (Ferrus, 1975).

        Mutant alleles have the developmental delay and bristle phenotype that makes them useful as markers in clonal analysis.

        One of a class of genes (see MIN record) that when present in one, rather than two, copies, produce a characteristic phenotype consisting of short slender bristles and delayed development.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (31)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        M(3)124
        M(3)B
        M(3)B2
        M(3)Fla
        chr3R:19185518..19185701
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0010267
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (211)